Hall v. State , 28 Tex. Ct. App. 146 ( 1889 )

White, Presiding Judge.

An indictment for murder need not allege that the killing was “unlawfully” done. A murder committed with “ malice aforethought ” is necessarily unlawful. Stephens v. The State, 20 Texas Ct. App., 255; Jackson v. The State, 25 Texas Ct. App., 314. The indictment was sufficient (Willson’s Crim. Forms, No. 388, p. 173), and the court did not err in overruling the defendant’s motion in arrest of judgment based upon this supposed defect.

Defendant made a moticto to quash the service of the special venire which had been made upon him. He did not make any motion to quash the special venire itself. But when his motion to quash the service was submitted, it was discovered that defendant had applied on verbal motion for a special venire of 60 men, but that by inadvertence only 59 names had been drawn or placed upon the list attached to the writ.' The court asked the defendant if he waived his right to a venire of 60 men, or if he desired to make an application in writing, under oath, for a special venire as provided by article 607 of the Code of Procedure. Defendant replied that he did not waive any of his rights, but that he did not wish to make oath in writing for another special venire; whereupon the district attorney made his oral motion as provided by article 606, and upon Ms motion a new special venire for 60 men was ordered. When the case was called for trial the defendant objected to this new special venire, because he had never moved to quash or vacate the original special venire; that in fact it had never been quashed or vacated, there being no order of the court to that effect; that the order for, and the summoning of, the second special venire was unauthorized and void, and that he should not be compelled to select a jury therefrom.

It appears that though the court did order the second venire on motion of the district attorney, no order was made and entered discharging the first venire. The fact that only 59 names, instead of 60, as asked for by the defendant, were upon the list attached to the original writ neither invalidated the writ nor the venire summoned under it. A special venire is a writ issued by order of the court for any number of persons not less than thirty-six, in the discretion of the court, to serve as a jury in the particular case. Code Crim. Proc., art. 605. Any number over thirty-six it is discretionary with the court to order. It rarely happens that all those ordered are summoned, and this fact, even if the number summoned be less than thirty-six, would not invalidate the special venire, or constitute any valid objection to the return. Willson’s Crim. Stats., sec. 2252. By the copy served on defendant,” 57 of the 59 persons whose names were on the original list had been actually summoned. It was within the discretion of the court to have the trial jury selected from these persons, notwithstanding the order had called for 60 persons. But, as stated above, the court did not discharge the original venire; it ordered a second one, and required defendant to select his trial jury from the latter over his exceptions and objections to the same. In Sharpe’s case it was held that until a special venire has been exhausted,, or has been discharged with the defendant’s consent, the court below had no power to order the issuance and execution of another venire. 17 Texas, Ct. App., 486.

The charge of the court is made the subject of several objections, which-are claimed for error. It is objected that the court did not instruct the-jury to apply the reasonable doubt as between the several degrees charged upon. Such omission has never been held reversible error, where the court-applies the reasonable doubt to the whole case, except in those cases where-such an additional instruction has been specially requested and refused-by the court. McCall v. The State, 14 Texas Ct. App., 353.

Exception is taken to the 23d and 24th paragraphs of the charge, and specially to the use and repeated use of the words “honest belief ” in connection with defendant’s right of defense against demonstrations of danger where there have been antecedent threats. These two paragraphs, in the main, are almost literally copied from the first special requested" instruction asked for the defendant, and refused because substantially given in the general charge.

The words “honest belief” are used in said special instruction in the-same connection as given in the general charge. A defendant has no ground to complain that the court gives instructions which he himself has requested. We will further remark in this connection that we have searched the statement of facts in vain for any evidences of such threats by the deceased, and an endeavor to execute them, as called for any in-, struction whatever on that particular branch of the law. True, the parties had engaged in one or more drunken quarrels on the evening of and just before the homicide, and doubtless deceased, in his then maudlin condition, was willing to fight defendant in mutual fistic combat; but-all the testimony shows that he was unarmed, and does not show any serious threats on his part. But we do not deem it necessary to further discuss this matter, nor in fact any of the other errors assigned.

We are of opinion that the defendant, under the peculiar facts stated above, had the right to select his trial jury from the list of the original special venire, and because this right was denied him the judgment is. reversed and the cause remanded.

Reversed and remanded.

Hurt, J., absent.