Fleming v. State , 28 Tex. Ct. App. 234 ( 1889 )

Hurt, Judge.

This is a conviction for keeping a disorderly house. Nineteen indictments were presented against the appellant on the 9th day of March, 1888,—one for selling beer to a minor, and eighteen for keeping a disorderly house. This indictment alleged that the house was kept from the 22nd day of October, 1887, and on each day from that-date to the 28th day of October, 1887.

At a former term of the court appellant was tried and convicted on anindictment alleging that the house was kept from the 1st to the 29th day of February, 1888. This trial occurred at the April term, 1888. This, conviction is pleaded in bar to the prosecution in the present case.

The court tells'the jury that appellant is charged by the indictment with keeping the house from the 8th of October to January 31, 1888. This is not so. The indictment alleges that the house was kept from the 22nd day of October, 1887, to the 28th day of October, 1887.

The court also charged the jury that if they believed from the evidence that the defendant did, at any time from the 8th day of October, 1887,. to the 31st day of January, 1888, keep the house, etc., they should convict. This is error, because, as is said by Chief Justice Shaw: “The rule is well settled in criminal cases that when a continuing offense is alleged to have been on a certain day, and on divers days and times between that and another day specified, the proof must be confined to acts done within the time.” Comm. v. Briggs, 11 Metc., 573; Comm. v. Pray, 13 Pick., 364; Comm. v. Elwell, 1 Gray, 463.

When the time is carved, as in this case, then, the offense being continuous, whether there be a plea of former conviction or acquittal or not, the proof must be confined to acts done within the time alleged; and if the proof is confined to the time carved, and no part of the time thus. carved has been used or utilized by a former conviction, under an indictment covering the whole or a part of the time used in this indictment, the plea of former conviction will not avail. But, on the other hand, if any part of the time specified in this indictment has been used by or under another indictment, either one which carved or one which did not, the plea will prevail. This being a continuous offense a non-carving indictment covers the whole time from its presentment back to limitation.

It appears from the record that appellant was convicted for selling beer to a minor, referred to above; that her motion for new trial was overruled, and notice of appeal entered of record. Under this state of case counsel' for appellant and the county attorney agreed that if she would abandon her appeal in the beer case, and plead guilty to one case for keeping a disorderly house, all of the other cases should be dismissed. Appellant complied with her agreement, and the county attorney dismissed a part of the cases, but refused to dismiss them all.

Article 38 of the Code of Criminal Procedure reads: “The district or county attorney shall not dismiss a case unless he shall file a written statement with the papers in the case, setting out his reasons for such dismissal, which reasons shall be incorporated in the judgment of dismissal, and no case shall be dismissed without the permission of the presiding judge, who shall be satisfied that the reasons stated are good and sufficient to authorize such dismissal.”

In the first place the presiding judge was not consulted at all. He was not permitted to pass upon the sufficiency of the reasons, so far as appears from the record. They were not reduced to writing, as the law directs, and filed with the papers in the case. Hence, the county attorney had no authority to make such a contract. This being so, the State, the principal, was not bound by the contract, there being no authority in its agent to thus bind it. And while the agent xvas acting within the apparent scope of his authority, the appellant knew, or was bound to know, that he was exceeding his powers, for she is held to know the law.

Because of the errors in the charge above noted, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for another trial.

Reversed and remanded.

Judges all present and concurring.