Allee v. State , 28 Tex. Ct. App. 531 ( 1890 )

Willson, Judge.

At the May Term of the District Court of Atascosa County, 1884, Reinhardt Schneider was indicted for the theft of horses, and for said charge on the 22d day of May, 1884, executed his appearance bond, with A. Y. Allee and J. J. Ellison as sureties. At the April Term of the District Court of La Salle County the said Reinhardt Schneider was indicted for the theft of horses, jointly with one W. T. Kelly, and was on said charge, at the October Term of said court, tried and sentenced, and on appeal the sentence Avas affirmed. On the 23d day of December, 1884, he was duly lodged in the penitentiary at Huntsville, Texas, Whence he escaped on the 14th day of May, 1885.

At the April Term of the District Court of Atascosa County, 1886, Schneider’s bond, with A. Y. Allee and J. J. Ellison as sureties, cause pending in said court, Avas forfeited. At the October Term of said court, 1887, the cause was tried on the answer of the bondsmen, in which they alleged the trial, conviction, and sentence of their principal and his incarceration in the penitentiary as a defense. The State did not specially plead the escape of Schneider in the cause, but relied alone on the forfeiture of the bond. Einal judgment was rendered against all the parties for the sum of the bond, to-wit, $500. The defendant A. Y. Allee gave notice of appeal. On the 24th day of June, 1889, Allee filed his petition and bond in error, and now on error submits the cause to this court.

It devolved upon the sureties to make good their defense, which was that at the time the bail bond was forfeited their principal was restrained of his liberty by process of law. They established this defense prima facie by showing his conviction of a felony, and confinement in the penitentiary. It was competent for the State to prove, in rebuttal, that at the time of said forfeiture said principal had escaped from custody, and was not restrained of his liberty by the State. It was not necessary that the fact of his escape should have been pleaded by the State. It was a fact in rebuttal of defendant’s defense, rebutting the allegation in the answer that said principal was, at the time of the forfeiture, restrained of his liberty by the State. It was not error, therefore, to admit the testimony mentioned in appellant’s bill of exception Mo. 2.

There is no statement of facts in the record, but bill of exception Mo. 2 and other matters in the record show that at the time the forfeiture was taken appellant’s principal was not in the custody of the State—he had escaped from the penitentiary, was at large, and there was nothing to prevent his appearing in accordance with the terms of his bond; nor were his sureties deprived by the State of the privilege of capturing and surrendering him. Such being the facts of the case, the defense presented by the answer was not valid, and the judgment appealed from is correct. Code Crim. Proc., art. 452, subdiv. 3; Cooper v. The State, 5 Texas Ct. App., 215; Stafford v. The State, 10 Texas Ct. App., 46.

There is no material variance between the judgment nisi and the citation. The liability of the sureties upon a bail bond or recognizance is several as well as joint, and it is immaterial whether it be stated in the judgment nisi or the citation to be joint, or several, or joint and several. Code Crim. Proc., arts. 290-306; Mathena v. The State, 15 Texas Ct. App., 460. It was not error, therefore, to admit the judgment nisi in evidence, it being substantially described in the citation.

We find no error in the judgment, and it is affirmed.

Affirmed.

Judges all present and concurring.