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In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
______________________________
No. 06-08-00063-CR ______________________________
NATHANIEL HOWARD, III, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 7th Judicial District Court Smith County, Texas Trial Court No. 007-81047-99
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Nathaniel Howard, III, has appealed from his adjudication of guilt for the offense of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02 (Vernon Supp. 2007). The trial court sentenced Howard to twenty years' imprisonment, to run consecutive to his sentences in two other convictions. (1) See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.33 (Vernon 2003); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.08 (Vernon 2006).
On appeal to this Court, (2) Howard contends, in a single point of error, that the punishment assessed is disproportionate to his crime. Howard did raise the claim of disproportionate sentence at the trial court level.
Texas courts have traditionally held that, as long as the punishment assessed is within the range prescribed by the Legislature in a valid statute, the punishment is not excessive, cruel, or unusual. See, e.g., Jordan v. State, 495 S.W.2d 949, 952 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973). Here, Howard's sentence falls within the applicable range of two to twenty years' imprisonment and a fine of up to $10,000.00. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.33.
That does not end the inquiry. A prohibition against grossly disproportionate punishment survives under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution apart from any consideration of whether the punishment assessed is within the range established by the Legislature. U.S. Const. amend. VIII; see Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 290 (1983); Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991) (Scalia, J., plurality op.); Jackson v. State, 989 S.W.2d 842, 846 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1999, no pet.); Lackey v. State, 881 S.W.2d 418, 420-21 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1994, pet. ref'd); see also Ex parte Chavez, 213 S.W.3d 320, 323 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (describing this principle as involving a "very limited, 'exceedingly rare,' and somewhat amorphous" review).
Solem had suggested, as a three-part test, that an appellate court consider: (1) the gravity of the offense compared with the harshness of the penalty; (2) the sentences imposed for similar crimes in the same jurisdiction; and (3) the sentences imposed for commission of the same crime in other jurisdictions. See Solem, 463 U.S. at 292. Harmelin at least raised questions about the viability of the Solem three-part test. In fact, it was subsequently held that proportionality survived Harmelin, but that the Solem three-part test did not. See McGruder v. Puckett, 954 F.2d 313, 316 (5th Cir. 1992); Lackey, 881 S.W.2d at 420-21. In light of Harmelin, the test has been reformulated as an initial threshold comparison of the gravity of the offense with the severity of the sentence; and then, only if that initial comparison created an inference that the sentence was grossly disproportionate to the offense should there be a consideration of the other two Solem factors--sentences for similar crimes in the same jurisdiction and sentences for the same crime in other jurisdictions. McGruder, 954 F.2d at 316; Mullins v. State, 208 S.W.3d 469, 470 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2006, no pet.); Lackey, 881 S.W.2d at 420-21.
Howard's main complaint concerns the trial court's decision to order the twenty-year sentence for aggravated assault be served consecutive to two other life sentences. Howard does not argue that the trial court lacked authority to stack the sentence. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.08. The cumulation of sentences does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Stevens v. State, 667 S.W.2d 534, 538 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984); Baird v. State, 455 S.W.2d 259 (Tex. Crim. App. 1970); Quintana v. State, 777 S.W.2d 474, 480 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1989, pet. ref'd). Howard has not shown the trial court's decision to order the sentence to be served consecutively, or stacked, caused the sentence to be grossly disproportionate.
Finally, there is no evidence in the record comparing Howard's sentence with other sentences for similar crimes in Texas or comparing the sentences imposed on persons in Texas with sentences in other jurisdictions. Mullins, 208 S.W.3d 469; see Fluellen v. State, 71 S.W.3d 870, 873 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2002, pet. ref'd); Latham v. State, 20 S.W.3d 63, 69 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2000, pet. ref'd). Howard's sole point of error is overruled.
There being no other issues before us, we affirm the trial court's judgment.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: June 18, 2008
Date Decided: June 19, 2008
Do Not Publish
1.
Counsel for Howard states, in his brief, that the appeals of these convictions for which he received two life sentences (aggravated kidnapping and aggravated sexual assault) were dismissed due to untimely notices of appeal and that he is assisting Howard in filing writs of habeas corpus in the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals so that Howard can pursue out-of-time appeals in the other two convictions.2.
This appeal was transferred to this Court from the Tyler Court of Appeals pursuant to a docket equalization order of the Texas Supreme Court.st and compare the sentence received to sentences for similar crimes in the same jurisdiction and to sentences for the same crime in other jurisdictions. Jackson, 989 S.W.2d at 846; see Harmelin, 501 U.S. at 1005; see also Alberto v. State, 100 S.W.3d 528, 530 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2003, no pet.); Fluellen v. State, 71 S.W.3d 870, 873 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet. ref'd); Latham v. State, 20 S.W.3d 63, 69 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, pet. ref'd).
We cannot say that the gravity of the offense is grossly disproportionate to the severity of the sentence. The police report indicates Davis had extensively harassed the victim, Melody Allred. Allred and Davis had previously had an intimate dating relationship involving cohabitation. Allred eventually ended their relationship. Allred alleged several instances of assault, property damage, and telephone harassment. In the stipulation of evidence, Davis admitted he threatened Allred with bodily injury or death by telling her "[he] was going to disassemble her body parts and that it would be a bloody massacre." Given the details of the offense, we cannot say the severity of the sentence was grossly disproportionate to the gravity of the crime.
Further, there is no evidence in the record comparing the sentence with the sentences imposed against other defendants in this or other jurisdictions who committed a similar offense. See Fluellen, 71 S.W.3d at 873; Latham, 20 S.W.3d at 69; Davis, 905 S.W.2d at 664–65. For the reasons stated, we overrule the first point of error.
In his second point of error, Davis argues the trial court abused its discretion in not granting community supervision. The record indicates that a prior prosecutor had indicated he would recommend community supervision in this case, but the current prosecutor recommended against community supervision. There was no negotiated plea agreement in the case.
A trial court's arbitrary refusal to consider the entire range of punishment available for the offense does constitute a denial of due process. McClenan v. State, 661 S.W.2d 108, 110 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983); East v. State, 71 S.W.3d 774, 776–77 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, no pet.). The trial court acknowledged on the record that it would consider Davis' application for community supervision. We do not find that the trial court arbitrarily refused to consider the full range of punishment in this case.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Jack Carter
Justice
Date Submitted: December 12, 2003
Date Decided: December 18, 2003
Publish
Document Info
Docket Number： 06-08-00063-CR
Filed Date： 6/19/2008
Precedential Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 9/7/2015