Stanley J. Peacock v. Travelers Property Casualty Insurance Company ( 2000 )

Stanley J. Peacock v. Travelers Property Casualty Insurance Company

    IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-99-301-CV

No. 10-00-037-CV

     STANLEY J. PEACOCK,

                                                                         Appellant

     v.

     TRAVELERS PROPERTY

     CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,

                                                                         Appellee

From the County Court at Law No. 2

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court # 98-4047-A

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

CONCURRING OPINION

                                                                                                                   

      The legal analysis and conclusions of the majority opinion are correct and accordingly I concur. However, I cannot join the appeal to the Legislature to correct, repair or fix the system used to transfer cases among the courts of appeals for docket equalization and write this concurring opinion to explain. For the reasons stated in my concurring opinion in Simonek, we should not use this forum to call upon the Legislature to do anything. In re Simonek, 3 S.W.3d 285, 289 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, no pet.) (Gray, J., concurring). It is not our place or privilege to use this office as a special forum from which to call for legislative action.

      With these comments, I respectfully concur in the majority opinion.

                                                                         TOM GRAY

                                                                         Justice

Concurring opinion delivered and filed March 29, 2000

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of error, namely, that the trial court did not admonish Gamble in accordance with article 26.13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

  Article 26.13 requires the court to admonish a defendant before accepting a guilty plea.  Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a) (Vernon Supp. 2006). The admonishments to be given are:

(1)              the applicable range of punishment;

 

(2)              the fact that the prosecutor’s punishment recommendation is not binding;

 

(3)              the fact that the defendant must obtain the court’s permission to appeal if the punishment does not exceed the prosecutor’s recommendation, except on matters raised by written pretrial motion;

 

(4)              the fact that, if the defendant is not a United States citizen, his guilty plea may result in deportation; and

(5)              the fact that the defendant will be required to register as a sex offender if he is convicted of an offense which requires such registration.

 

Id.

          Here, the second, third, and fifth admonishments do not apply because there was no punishment recommendation and Gamble was not convicted of a sex crime.  See Anderson v. State, 182 S.W.3d 914, 917 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).  Thus, Gamble’s substantial rights were not affected by the court’s failure to provide these admonishments.  See Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b).

          The trial court did not expressly admonish Gamble regarding the applicable range of punishment.  However, the prosecutor generally explained the applicable punishment range to Gamble on the record at the court’s direction and the attorneys covered the applicable punishment range at length during voir dire.  Thus, Gamble’s substantial rights were not affected by the court’s failure to admonish him regarding the range of punishment.  See Aguirre-Mata v. State, 125 S.W.3d 473, 476-77 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).

          Neither did the court admonish Gamble regarding the deportation consequences of a guilty plea.  See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a)(4).  This was error.  See Carranza v. State, 980 S.W.2d 653, 656 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998); Song Sun Hwang v. State, 130 S.W.3d 496, 498 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. ref’d).  To determine whether the court’s failure to admonish Gamble requires reversal under Rule 44.2(b), we must ask, “considering the record as a whole, do we have a fair assurance that the defendant’s decision to plead guilty would not have changed had the court admonished him?” Anderson, 182 S.W.3d at 919.

          If the record affirmatively reflects that Gamble is a United States citizen, the error would be harmless.  See id.  Conversely, if the record affirmatively reflects that he is not a citizen, the error would require reversal.  See Carranza, 980 S.W.2d at 658.

          Appellant’s counsel cites the decision of the San Antonio Court in Garza v. State for the proposition that, because the record does not affirmatively show that the trial court’s failure to admonish Gamble on the deportation consequences harmed him, we must conclude that he was not harmed by such failure.  2 S.W.3d 331, 334 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1999, pet. ref’d); see also Gorham v. State, 981 S.W.2d 315, 319 & n.6 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref’d).  In Garza, the San Antonio Court held that the defendant was not harmed by a failure to admonish on the deportation consequences because “[the defendant] did not show that she was unaware of the consequences of her plea or that she was misled or harmed.”  Garza, 2 S.W.3d at 334 (emphasis added); see also Gorham, 981 S.W.2d at 319 n.6 (“If not otherwise reflected in the record, a defendant may establish his foreign citizenship by way of a motion for new trial or by filing an application for writ of habeas corpus.”) (emphasis added).

          This observation, however, appears inconsistent with the now-settled principle that neither party bears a burden on the issue of harm.

          Neither the appellant nor the State have any formal burden to show harm or harmlessness under Rule 44.2(b).

 

           [N]either the State nor appellant must demonstrate harm when [a non-constitutional] error has occurred.  Rather, it is the appellate court’s duty to assess harm after a proper review of the record.  Accordingly, a conviction must be reversed on direct appeal if the record shows that a defendant was unaware of the consequences of his plea and that he was misled or harmed by the trial court’s failure to admonish him regarding the range of punishment.

 

          Thus, a reviewing court must independently examine the record for indications that a defendant was or was not aware of the consequences of his plea and whether he was misled or harmed by the trial court’s failure to admonish him of the punishment range.

 

Burnett v. State, 88 S.W.3d 633, 638 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (footnotes omitted);[1] accord Anderson, 182 S.W.3d at 918.

          Applying Burnett to Gamble’s case, we “must independently examine the record for indications that [Gamble] was or was not aware of the [deportation] consequences of his plea and whether he was misled or harmed by the trial court’s failure to admonish him of the [deportation consequences].”  See Burnett, 88 S.W.3d at 638.

          Because the record is silent on this issue, we may infer that Gamble was not aware of the deportation consequences. Id.  Gamble’s mother testified that she had lived in Mexia “a long time.”  Gamble testified that he resides in Mexia and that he completed tenth grade.  Perhaps it could be inferred from this testimony that Gamble is a citizen. Perhaps not.

          When conducting a harm analysis, if this court “has ‘a grave doubt’ that the result [of the underlying proceeding] was free from the substantial influence of the error, then it must treat the error as if it [had a substantial influence on the outcome].”  Id. at 637. Stated another way, “in cases of grave doubt as to harmlessness the petitioner must win.”  Id. at 638 (quoting O’Neal v. McAninch, 513 U.S. 432, 437, 115 S. Ct. 992, 995, 130 L. Ed. 2d 947 (1995)).

          In the face of a silent record, we harbor grave doubts as to whether Gamble was harmed by the court’s failure to admonish him of the deportation consequences of his plea.  Therefore, this appeal presents at least one issue of arguable merit.  Accordingly, we will abate this appeal for the appointment of new counsel.  See Perryman v. State, 159 S.W.3d 778, 779 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, order) (per curiam).

          Appellant’s new counsel should personally review the record to determine what issues should be raised in this appeal, including whether the issue identified by this Court should be raised, and if not, why the issue identified has no arguable merit.  Id.

Conclusion

          We abate this appeal for the appointment of new counsel.[2]  Id.   The trial court’s order appointing new appellate counsel must be filed with the Clerk of this Court in a supplemental clerk’s record within fifteen (15) days after the date of this Order.  Counsel’s brief is due thirty (30) days after appointment.

PER CURIAM

Before Chief Justice Gray,

Justice Vance, and

Justice Reyna

(Chief Justice Gray believes this abatement order is an unnecessary waste of taxpayer resources.  He would affirm the trial court’s judgment.)

Appeal abated

Order issued and filed August 30, 2006

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[1]           The second paragraph of this quoted excerpt from Burnett purports to be a quotation from Carranza v. State.  See Burnett v. State, 88 S.W.3d 633, 638 & n.14 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (citing Carranza, 980 S.W.2d 653, 658 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).  However, this language does not appear in Carranza.

[2]           Gamble’s present counsel has already filed a motion to withdraw with the trial court.