Comal & Co. LLC v. Michelle Mays ( 2018 )

ACCEPTED
03-17-00746-CV
21628391
THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
1/5/2018 10:12 AM
NO. 03-17-00746-CV
JEFFREY D. KYLE
CLERK
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS FILED IN
AUSTIN, TEXAS 3rd COURT OF APPEALS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
1/5/2018 10:12:31 AM
JEFFREY D. KYLE
COMAL & CO., LLC.
Clerk
Appellant,
v.
MICHELLE MAYS
Appellee.
APPELLANT’S BRIEF
On Appeal from the County Court at Law #1
Comal County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2017CVA0011
Honorable Randy C. Gray, Judge Presiding
CATHERINE M. STONE LANGLEY & BANACK, INC.
State Bar No. 19286000 745 E. Mulberry, Ste. 700
cstone@langleybanack.com San Antonio, Texas 78212
PAULA C. BOSTON (210) 736-6600 Telephone
State Bar No. 24089661 (210) 735-6889 Facsimile
pboston@langleybanack.com
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
COMAL & CO., LLC
Appellant Requests Oral Argument
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
Appellant: Comal & Co., LLC
(“Comal & Co.”)
Trial Counsel: None
Appellate Counsel: Catherine M. Stone
Paula C. Boston
LANGLEY & BANACK, INC.
745 E. Mulberry, Ste. 700
San Antonio, Texas 78212
Telephone: (210) 736-6600
Facsímile: (210) 735-6889
cstone@langleybanack.com
pboston@langleybanack.com
Appellee: Michelle Mays (“Mays”)
Trial and Appellate Counsel: James R. Heinbaugh
1111 N. Walnut Ave., Ste. 102
New Braunfels, Texas 78130
jimmy@nbtxlaw.com
Trial Court: The Hon. Randy C. Gray
County Court at Law #1
Comal County
424 S. Castell Ave., Ste 102
New Braunfels, Texas 78130
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES ............................................................. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................ii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................... iii
STATEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................. v
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT .................................. v
ISSUE PRESENTED ............................................................................... vi
When a Plaintiff fails to comply with Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 106 and the trial court erroneously grants an
unacceptable substitution of service, all of which are obvious
on the face of the record, should the default judgment be
overturned in keeping with well-established Texas law?
STATEMENT OF FACTS ......................................................................... 1
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT .......................................................... 4
ARGUMENT ............................................................................................. 4
A. Standard of Review ........................................................................ 4
B. Appellant’s Burden of Proof in a Restricted Appeal...................... 5
C. The Burden of Proof is Met ............................................................ 5
D. There Was No Compliant Affidavit. .............................................. 6
E. The Trial Court Granted Unlawful Relief. .................................... 9
PRAYER .................................................................................................. 12
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ........................................................ 13
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE................................................................. 13
APPENDIX .............................................................................................. 14
ii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
CASES:
Benefit Planners, L.L.P. v. RenCare, Ltd.,
81 S.W.3d 855 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002,
pet. denied).............................................................................................. 6
C.W. Bollinger Ins. Co. v. Fish,
699 S.W.2d 645 (Tex. App.—Austin 1985, no writ) ....................... 11, 12
David A. Carl Enterprises, Inc. v. Crow-Shutt # 14,
553 S.W.2d 118 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1977, no writ) ........................................................................................ 11
Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery Const. Co., Inc.,
186 S.W.3d 571 (Tex. 2006) .................................................................... 4
Norman Communications v. Texas Eastman Co.,
955 S.W.2d 269 (Tex. 1997) .................................................................... 4
Paramount Credit, Inc. v. Montgomery,
420 S.W.3d 226 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2013, no pet.) ......................................................................................... 11
Pike-Grant v. Grant,
447 S.W.3d 884 (Tex. 2014) .................................................................... 5
Primate Const., Inc. v. Silver,
884 S.W.2d 151 (Tex. 1994) .................................................................... 4
TAC Americas, Inc. v. Boothe,
94 S.W.3d 315 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, no pet.) .................................. 5
Torres v. Haynes,
432 S.W.3d 370 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2014,
no pet.)..................................................................................................... 8
Wilson v. Dunn,
800 S.W.2d 833 (Tex. 1990) ................................................................ 7, 8
iii
STATUTES:
TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE § 2.251 ....................................................... 9, 10, 11
TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE § 5.252 ................................................................... 9
RULES:
TEX. R. CIV. P. 26.1 .................................................................................... 3
TEX. R. CIV. P. 30 ....................................................................................... 3
TEX. R. CIV. P. 106 ........................................................................... passim
TEX. R. CIV. P. 107 ....................................................................... 10, 11, 12
Tex. R. Civ. P. 124 ................................................................................... 12
iv
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
This is a restricted appeal of a default judgment signed on August
9, 2017, that was inappropriately rendered against Appellant, Comal &
Co., LLC. The underlying matter is a roof repair dispute, with
allegations of breach of contract and deceptive trade practices, among
others. CR 8-14. Appellant never received proper notice of this matter
and learned of the default judgment only after the fact. Because
Appellee, Michelle Mays, failed to obtain service of process on Appellant
and the substituted service approved by the trial court was invalid
under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, the default judgment must be
reversed and the underlying matter remanded to the trial court for
disposition.
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
Although Mays’ failure to comply with Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 106 is obvious on the face of the record before the Court, oral
argument is requested to aid the Court in resolving this issue and
discussing the arguments presented herein.
v
ISSUE PRESENTED
When a Plaintiff fails to comply with Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 106 and the trial court erroneously grants an
unacceptable substitution of service, all of which are obvious
on the face of the record, should the default judgment be
overturned in keeping with well-established Texas law?
vi
STATEMENT OF FACTS
On January 9, 2017, Mays filed her Original Petition. CR 8. That
day, a Citation by Mailing was signed by the Deputy Clerk; however, no
return of service was received and no address is visible on the returned
envelope. CR 16-18. A second Citation by Mailing was sent to the
Secretary of State, but no return of service form was completed. CR 19-
20, 34.
On March 30, 2017, an additional citation was issued by the
Deputy Clerk. CR 28-31. Again, no return of service form was filled
out, but an affidavit was provided by the service processor, stating that
he mailed the citation and original petition to an incorrect address for
Comal & Co., LLC’s registered agent, Rory Closson. CR 31-32 (stating
documents were delivered to 197 Acacia Parkway but not 1597 Acacia
Parkway).
On May 1, 2017, another Citation by Mailing was signed by the
Deputy Clerk and presumably sent to the Secretary of State. CR 35-36.
Over one month later, on June 15, 2017, the Secretary of State provided
a certificate of service, stating that service by certified mail on the
registered agent had been returned as unclaimed. CR 37-38.
After attempting, but failing, to serve Appellant, Mays filed a
Motion for Substituted Service. CR 39-47. However, Mays failed to
support her motion with an affidavit stating the location of Appellant’s
usual place of business or usual place of abode or other place where
Appellant could probably be found and stating specifically the facts
showing that service had been attempted under Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 106(a)(1) or (2) at the location named in such affidavit but
had not been successful. CR 39-47.
Attached to the Motion for Substituted Service was the Secretary
of State’s certification that a copy of the Citation and Plaintiff’s Original
Petition had been received on May 10, 2017, and had been forwarded to
the address provided for Appellant, but the documents were returned to
the Secretary of State’s office bearing the notation “Return to Sender,
Unclaimed, Unable to Forward.” CR 47. Also attached to the Motion
for Substituted Service, in place of the Return of Service form from the
County Court at Law #1, was the affidavit from the service processer
that lists an incorrect address for Comal & Co., LLC’s registered agent,
Rory Closson. CR 44.
On June 23, 2017, the trial court granted May’s Motion for
Substituted Service by issuing an order stating that service was
2
sufficient by the service of citation made May 10, 2017, on the Secretary
of State. CR 48. The trial court ordered that Appellant’s written answer
was due on or before the Monday following twenty days after the date of
service, which would have been prior to the signing of the order on June
5, 2017. 1 Id.
On July 11, 2017, Mays filed a motion for default judgment, and
default judgment was entered against Appellant on August 9, 2017. CR
69-70. On August 11, 2017 the trial court issued notice of the default
judgment entered against Appellant. CR 71.
Appellant filed a timely notice of restricted appeal within six
months after the default judgment was signed. CR 82-85; see TEX. R.
CIV. P. 26.1(c), 30.
1 Arguably, ordering a written answer to be due in an Order prior to any
possible notice of that Order is an error apparent on the face of the record.
3
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellee, Michelle Mays, failed to comply with the requirements
of Rule 106 when requesting substituted service. The trial court then
permitted a method of service not authorized by law. This error is
apparent on the face of the record. Accordingly, the default judgment
was erroneously granted and must be reversed.
ARGUMENT
A. Standard of Review
In a restricted appeal, this court’s review is limited to errors
apparent on the face of the record. Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery
Const. Co., Inc., 186 S.W.3d 571, 573 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam). The face
of the record consists of all the papers on file in the appeal, including
the reporter’s record. Norman Communications v. Texas Eastman Co.,
955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam).
There are no presumptions in favor of valid issuance, service, and
return of citation, because presumptions can neither be confirmed nor
rebutted by evidence in an appellate court. Fid. & Guar. Ins. Co., 186
S.W.3d at 573. It is the responsibility of the party requesting service to
ensure both that service is properly accomplished and that service is
properly reflected in the record. Primate Const., Inc. v. Silver, 884
4
S.W.2d 151, 153 (Tex. 1994) (per curiam); accord TAC Americas, Inc. v.
Boothe, 94 S.W.3d 315, 321 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, no pet.).
B. Appellant’s Burden of Proof in a Restricted Appeal
To sustain a proper restricted appeal, the filing party must
prove: (1) she filed notice of the restricted appeal within six
months after the judgment was signed; (2) she was a party to
the underlying lawsuit; (3) she did not participate in the
hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of, and did
not timely file any post-judgment motions or requests for
findings of fact and conclusions of law; and (4) error is
apparent on the face of the record.
Pike-Grant v. Grant, 447 S.W.3d 884, 886 (Tex. 2014). “For over half a
century, we have required courts to liberally construe the non-
participation requirement for restricted appeals in favor of the right to
appeal.” Id.
C. The Burden of Proof is Met
First, Appellant properly filed notice of the restricted appeal
within six months after the judgment was signed. See CR 69-70; 84-85.
Second, Appellant was a party to the underlying lawsuit. CR 8-14;
see CR 69-70.
Third, Appellant did not participate in the hearing that resulted
in the judgment complained of, and did not timely file any post-
5
judgment motions or requests for findings of fact and conclusions of law.
See CR 2-3; 1 RR 2.
Fourth, there are two errors apparent on the face of the record.
Specifically, Appellant was never served and substitute service was
improper because there was no applicable affidavit as required under
Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 106. CR 39-47. Further, the trial court
failed to comply with Rule 106, by ordering that incomplete service
through the Secretary of State constituted sufficient service. CR 48.
D. There Was No Compliant Affidavit.
“It is a basic tenet of jurisprudence that the law abhors a default
because equity is rarely served by a default.” Benefit Planners, L.L.P. v.
RenCare, Ltd., 81 S.W.3d 855, 857–58 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002,
pet. denied). A default judgment cannot withstand a direct attack by a
defendant complaining that he was not served in strict compliance with
the applicable requirements. Id. Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 106
permits a court to authorize substitute service only when specific
requirements are met:
(a) Unless the citation or an order of the court otherwise
directs, the citation shall be served by any person authorized
by Rule 103 by
6
(1) delivering to the defendant, in person, a true copy of
the citation with the date of delivery endorsed thereon
with a copy of the petition attached thereto, or
(2) mailing to the defendant by registered or certified
mail, return receipt requested, a true copy of the
citation with a copy of the petition attached thereto.
(b) Upon motion supported by affidavit stating the
location of the defendant's usual place of business or
usual place of abode or other place where the
defendant can probably be found and stating
specifically the facts showing that service has been
attempted under either (a)(1) or (a)(2) at the location
named in such affidavit but has not been successful,
the court may authorize service
(1) by leaving a true copy of the citation, with a copy of
the petition attached, with anyone over sixteen years of
age at the location specified in such affidavit, or
(2) in any other manner that the affidavit or other
evidence before the court shows will be reasonably
effective to give the defendant notice of the suit.
TEX. R. CIV. P. 106 (emphasis added).
“[S]ubstitute service is not authorized under Rule 106(b) without
an affidavit which meets the requirements of the rule demonstrating
the necessity for other than personal service.” Wilson v. Dunn, 800
S.W.2d 833, 836 (Tex. 1990). In Wilson, the Supreme Court of Texas
found that a party was not served in strict compliance with Rule 106(b),
because substitute service was not properly authorized absent an
affidavit explicitly required by the rule. Wilson, 800 S.W.2d at 836.
7
That is exactly the situation presented in this case. Mays’ Motion for
Substitute Service was granted absent an affidavit as required by Rule
106. Under that rule, May was required to file an affidavit state the
location of Appellant’s usual place of business or usual place of abode or
other place where it could be found and stating specifically the facts
showing that service had been attempted under Rule 106(a) at the
location named in the affidavit but had not been successful. See id.;
TEX. R. CIV. P. 106(b); CR 39-47.
Mays wholly failed to file the required affidavit. An affidavit
executed by the process server did not receite that the address to which
he purportedly mailed the process was Appellant’s usual place of abode
or other place where the Appellant could be found. CR 31-32. In any
event, the address recited in the affidavit is incorrect. Id. (citing
delivery to 197 Acacia Parkway rather than to 1597 Acacia Parkway).
Because “[a] trial court has no jurisdiction to render default
judgment when the rules governing service of process have not been
strictly complied with,” this Court must reverse the trial court’s default
judgment and remand the cause to the trial court. Torres v. Haynes,
432 S.W.3d 370, 371 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2014, no pet.).
8
E. The Trial Court Granted Unlawful Relief.
The trial court exceeded its jurisdiction. Under Texas Rule of
Civil Procedure 106, only once a properly supported motion for
substitute service is presented can a court authorize service by either
(1) leaving a true copy of the citation, with a copy of the petition
attached, with anyone over sixteen years of age at the location specified
in such affidavit, or; (2) in any other manner that the affidavit or other
evidence before the court shows will be reasonably effective to give the
defendant notice of the suit. TEX. R. CIV. P. 106(b).
However, the trial court incorrectly concluded that service on the
Secretary of State sufficed, even when there was clear evidence
attached to the Motion for Substitute Service that no reasonable
diligence had been undertaken to find the registered agent at the
registered office and that the Secretary of State had also been unable to
effectuate service on the Appellant. CR 48.
Although Mays asserted in her Motion for Substituted Service
that Texas Business Organizations Code §§ 5.251-2 supported her
position that service on the Secretary of State sufficed, under the facts
of this case, these provisions do not support Mays’ request for
substituted service. See CR 39-40. The Secretary of State is an agent of
9
an entity for service of process only if the entity either fails to appoint
or maintain a registered agent in Texas or the registered agent cannot
with reasonable diligence be found at the registered office of the entity.
TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE § 5.251. There is no dispute that Comal & Co.,
LLC, has maintained a registered agent in Texas at all pertinent times.
CR 8 (Plaintiff’s Original Petition in which Comal & Co, LLC’s
registered agent is listed).
It is also apparent from the record that no reasonable diligence
was undertaken to find the registered agent at the registered office.
The sole affidavit of service attached to Mays’ Motion for Substituted
Service states that the service was attempted on the registered agent,
Rory Closson, at “197 Acacia Parkway, Spring Branch, TX 78070.” CR
44 (emphasis added). However, the address for the registered agent
was “1597 Acacia Parkway, Spring Branch, TX 78070.” CR 8 (emphasis
added). Furthermore, this affidavit does not state, as required by Texas
Rule of Civil Procedure 107, the diligence used to execute service and
the cause of failure to execute service and where the defendant was to
be found, if ascertainable. See CR 44. Thus the sole return of service
provided in the record is noncompliant with Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 107 and disproves any suggestion that reasonable diligence
10
was used to find the registered agent at the registered office. See
Paramount Credit, Inc. v. Montgomery, 420 S.W.3d 226, 231-33 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, no pet.); David A. Carl Enterprises, Inc.
v. Crow-Shutt # 14, 553 S.W.2d 118, 120-21 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 1977, no writ); CR 44.
Mays’ assertion in her Motion for Substituted Service that there
were “two separate attempts at personal service,” in addition to two
separate delivery attempts via certified mail, is also not supported by
the record. CR 39; see CR 15-20. The Return of Service Forms are not
filled out, CR 16, 20, and the address on the envelope purportedly
returned is not visible. CR 18.
Thus, as a matter of law, the Secretary of State was not
Appellant’s agent under TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE § 2.251; Appellant was
never served; substitution of service was erroneously granted; and the
default judgment violates the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. See TEX.
R. CIV. P. 107(h), 124.
To the extent that Mays relies on C.W. Bollinger Ins. Co. v. Fish,
699 S.W.2d 645, 652 (Tex. App.—Austin 1985, no writ), this reliance is
misplaced. C.W. Bollinger dealt with service on the Commissioner
under the Insurance Code, which the court distinguished from the
11
Texas Business Corporations Act that was then in effect. 699 S.W.2d at
651-652. The Insurance Code is not involved in this matter, nor is the
Texas Business Corporations Act applicable.
Appellant also notes that no proof of service was ordered, such
that a default judgment was further inadequate under Texas Rule of
Civil Procedure 107(f). See Tex. R. Civ. P. 107(h).
Because Appellant was never served, the trial court granted a
default judgment in violation of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 124,
which prohibits the rendering of a judgment against any defendant that
is not served unless expressly provided by law, as well as in violation
Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 107(h). Thus, this Court should reverse
the trial court’s default judgment and remand this matter to the trial
court.
PRAYER
WHEREFORE the Appellant, Comal & Co., LLC, respectfully
requests that this Court reverse the trial court’s default judgment,
remand this cause for further proceedings, and grant all further relief
Appellant is entitled to in law and equity.
12
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Catherine M. Stone
CATHERINE M. STONE
State Bar No. 19286000
Email: cstone@langleybanack.com
PAULA C. BOSTON
State Bar No. 24089661
Email: pboston@langleybanack.com
LANGLEY & BANACK, INC.
745 E. Mulberry, Ste. 700
San Antonio, Texas 78212
(210) 736-6600 Telephone
(210) 735-6889 Facsimile
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
COMAL & CO., LLC
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
In compliance with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(3),
Appellants certify that the number of words in Appellant’s Brief,
including its headings, footnotes, and quotations, is: 2457.
/s/ Paula C. Boston
PAULA C. BOSTON
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
A true and correct copy of the foregoing document has been served
upon the following counsel of record pursuant to the Texas Rules of
Appellate Procedure on January 5, 2018.
/s/ Paula C. Boston
PAULA C. BOSTON
13
APPENDIX
A. Default Judgment
B. Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 106
C. Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 107
D. Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 124
E. Texas Business Organizations Code § 5.251
F. Texas Business Organizations Code § 5.252
14
APPENDIX A
NO. 2017CVA0011
MICHELLE MAYS § IN THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW
Plaintiff, §
§
v. § NO. _ _ _ _ _ __
§
COMAL & CO. LLC §
Defendant. § COMAL COUNTY, TEXAS
DEFAULT JUDGMENT
The hearing on this cause was held on
Plaintiff, Michelle Mays, appeared and Defendant, Comal & Co. LLC, although duly cited to
appear by filing an answer herein, failed to file an answer within the time allowed by law.
I. On the claim of Deceptive Trade Practices, common law fraud, breach of
contract, and residential construction liability, the court finds in favor of Plaintiff, Michelle
Mays, and against Defendant, Comal & Co. LLC, in the amount of $17,490.42 (Seventeen
Thousand Four Hundred Ninety and 42/100 Dollars), an amount in treble damages as provided
by Section l 7.50(b)(l) of the Texas Business and Commerce Code.
5. Plaintiff, Michelle Mays, is entitled to prejudgment interest on the damages
awarded herein, measured from January 15'\ 2017, at the rate of5.0% per annum, in the sum of
$445.64 (Four Hundred Forty Five and 64/100 Dollars).
6. Plaintiff, Michelle Mays, is entitled to postjudgment interest on the total amount
of the judgment and any prejudgment interest awarded hereinabove, at the rate of 5% per annum
from the date this judgment is signed until paid.
7 Plaintiff, Michelle Mays, is entitled to the sum of $4,777.50 (Four Thousand
Seven Hundred Seventy-Seven and 50/100 Dollars), as attorney's fees, to bear interest at the rate
of 5% per annum from the date this judgment is signed until paid.
8. Costs are hereby taxed against Defendant.
9. All other relief not expressly granted in this judgment is denied.
IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiff, Michelle Mays, is entitled to enforce this judgment
through abstract, execution and any other process necessary.
SIGNED on g . . . . :) ~, 2017.
JUDGE PRESIDIN
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
/signed/
James R Heinbaugh
Attorney for Plaintiff Michelle Mays
Email: jimmy@nbtxlaw.com
297 W. San Antonio St.
New Braunfels, TX 78130
Tel. (830) 214-6053
Fax. (830) 202-8056
Rule 106. Method of Service, TX R RCP Rule 106
APPENDIX B
Vernon's Texas Rules Annotated
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
Part II. Rules of Practice in District and County Courts
Section 5. Citation (Refs & Annos)
TX Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 106
Rule 106. Method of Service
Currentness
(a) Unless the citation or an order of the court otherwise directs, the citation shall be served by any person authorized
by Rule 103 by
(1) delivering to the defendant, in person, a true copy of the citation with the date of delivery endorsed thereon with
a copy of the petition attached thereto, or
(2) mailing to the defendant by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, a true copy of the citation with
a copy of the petition attached thereto.
(b) Upon motion supported by affidavit stating the location of the defendant's usual place of business or usual place of
abode or other place where the defendant can probably be found and stating specifically the facts showing that service
has been attempted under either (a)(1) or (a)(2) at the location named in such affidavit but has not been successful, the
court may authorize service
(1) by leaving a true copy of the citation, with a copy of the petition attached, with anyone over sixteen years of age
at the location specified in such affidavit, or
(2) in any other manner that the affidavit or other evidence before the court shows will be reasonably effective to give
the defendant notice of the suit.
Credits
Oct. 29, 1940, eff. Sept. 1, 1941. Amended by orders of Aug. 18, 1947, eff. Dec. 31, 1947; July 22, 1975, eff. Jan. 1,
1976; July 11, 1977, eff. Jan. 1, 1978; June 10, 1980, eff. Jan. 1, 1981; July 15, 1987, eff. Jan. 1, 1988; April 24, 1990,
eff. Sept. 1, 1990.
Editors' Notes
COMMENT--1988
Conforms to amendment to Rule 103.
Notes of Decisions (360)
© 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 1
Rule 106. Method of Service, TX R RCP Rule 106
Vernon's Ann. Texas Rules Civ. Proc., Rule 106, TX R RCP Rule 106
Current with amendments received through December 1, 2017
End of Document © 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
© 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 2
Rule 107. Return of Service, TX R RCP Rule 107
APPENDIX C
Vernon's Texas Rules Annotated
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
Part II. Rules of Practice in District and County Courts
Section 5. Citation (Refs & Annos)
TX Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 107
Rule 107. Return of Service
Currentness
(a) The officer or authorized person executing the citation must complete a return of service. The return may, but need
not, be endorsed on or attached to the citation.
(b) The return, together with any document to which it is attached, must include the following information:
(1) the cause number and case name;
(2) the court in which the case is filed;
(3) a description of what was served;
(4) the date and time the process was received for service;
(5) the person or entity served;
(6) the address served;
(7) the date of service or attempted service;
(8) the manner of delivery of service or attempted service;
(9) the name of the person who served or attempted to serve the process;
(10) if the person named in (9) is a process server certified under order of the Supreme Court, his or her identification
number and the expiration date of his or her certification; and
(11) any other information required by rule or law.
© 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 1
Rule 107. Return of Service, TX R RCP Rule 107
(c) When the citation was served by registered or certified mail as authorized by Rule 106, the return by the officer or
authorized person must also contain the return receipt with the addressee's signature.
(d) When the officer or authorized person has not served the citation, the return shall show the diligence used by the
officer or authorized person to execute the same and the cause of failure to execute it, and where the defendant is to
be found, if ascertainable.
(e) The officer or authorized person who serves or attempts to serve a citation must sign the return. If the return is signed
by a person other than a sheriff, constable, or the clerk of the court, the return must either be verified or be signed
under penalty of perjury. A return signed under penalty of perjury must contain the statement below in substantially
the following form:
“My name is __________ (First) __________ (Middle) __________ (Last), my date of birth is __________, and my
address is __________ (Street), __________ (City), __________ (State), __________ (Zip Code), and __________
(Country). I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed in __________ County, State of __________, on the ___ day of __________ (Month), ___ (Year).
......................................................................................................................................................................................
Declarant”
(f) Where citation is executed by an alternative method as authorized by Rule 106, proof of service shall be made in the
manner ordered by the court.
(g) The return and any document to which it is attached must be filed with the court and may be filed electronically or
by facsimile, if those methods of filing are available.
(h) No default judgment shall be granted in any cause until proof of service as provided by this rule or by Rules 108 or
108a, or as ordered by the court in the event citation is executed by an alternative method under Rule 106, shall have
been on file with the clerk of the court ten days, exclusive of the day of filing and the day of judgment.
Credits
Oct. 29, 1940, eff. Sept. 1, 1941. Amended by orders of July 11, 1977, eff. Jan. 1, 1978; June 10, 1980, eff. Jan. 1, 1981;
July 15, 1987, eff. Jan. 1, 1988; April 24, 1990, eff. Sept. 1, 1990; Dec. 12, 2011, eff. Jan. 1, 2012.
Editors' Notes
COMMENT--1988
Amendments are made to conform to changes in Rule 103.
COMMENT--1990
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Rule 107. Return of Service, TX R RCP Rule 107
To state more directly that a default judgment can be obtained when the defendant has been served with process
in a foreign country pursuant to the provisions of Rules 108 or 108a.
Notes of Decisions (265)
Vernon's Ann. Texas Rules Civ. Proc., Rule 107, TX R RCP Rule 107
Current with amendments received through December 1, 2017
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© 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 3
Rule 124. No Judgment Without Service, TX R RCP Rule 124
APPENDIX D
Vernon's Texas Rules Annotated
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
Part II. Rules of Practice in District and County Courts
Section 5. Citation (Refs & Annos)
TX Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 124
Rule 124. No Judgment Without Service
Currentness
In no case shall judgment be rendered against any defendant unless upon service, or acceptance or waiver of process,
or upon an appearance by the defendant, as prescribed in these rules, except where otherwise expressly provided by law
or these rules.
When a party asserts a counterclaim or a cross-claim against another party who has entered an appearance, the claim
may be served in any manner prescribed for service of citation or as provided in Rule 21(a).
Credits
Oct. 29, 1940, eff. Sept. 1, 1941. Amended by order of Dec. 5, 1983, eff. April 1, 1984.
Notes of Decisions (89)
Vernon's Ann. Texas Rules Civ. Proc., Rule 124, TX R RCP Rule 124
Current with amendments received through December 1, 2017
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§ 5.251. Failure to Designate Registered Agent, TX BUS ORG § 5.251
APPENDIX E
Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
Business Organizations Code (Refs & Annos)
Title 1. General Provisions (Refs & Annos)
Chapter 5. Names of Entities; Registered Agents and Registered Offices
Subchapter F. Service of Process on Entity
V.T.C.A., Business Organizations Code § 5.251
§ 5.251. Failure to Designate Registered Agent
Effective: January 1, 2006
Currentness
The secretary of state is an agent of an entity for purposes of service of process, notice, or demand on the entity if:
(1) the entity is a filing entity or a foreign filing entity and:
(A) the entity fails to appoint or does not maintain a registered agent in this state; or
(B) the registered agent of the entity cannot with reasonable diligence be found at the registered office of the entity; or
(2) the entity is a foreign filing entity and:
(A) the entity's registration to do business under this code is revoked; or
(B) the entity transacts business in this state without being registered as required by Chapter 9.
Credits
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Notes of Decisions (5)
V. T. C. A., Business Organizations Code § 5.251, TX BUS ORG § 5.251
Current through the end of the 2017 Regular and First Called Sessions of the 85th Legislature
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§ 5.252. Service on Secretary of State, TX BUS ORG § 5.252
APPENDIX F
Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated
Business Organizations Code (Refs & Annos)
Title 1. General Provisions (Refs & Annos)
Chapter 5. Names of Entities; Registered Agents and Registered Offices
Subchapter F. Service of Process on Entity
V.T.C.A., Business Organizations Code § 5.252
§ 5.252. Service on Secretary of State
Effective: January 1, 2006
Currentness
(a) Service on the secretary of state under Section 5.251 is effected by:
(1) delivering to the secretary duplicate copies of the process, notice, or demand; and
(2) accompanying the copies with any fee required by law, including this code or the Government Code, for:
(A) maintenance by the secretary of a record of the service; and
(B) forwarding by the secretary of the process, notice, or demand.
(b) Notice on the secretary of state under Subsection (a) is returnable in not less than 30 days.
Credits
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Notes of Decisions (4)
V. T. C. A., Business Organizations Code § 5.252, TX BUS ORG § 5.252
Current through the end of the 2017 Regular and First Called Sessions of the 85th Legislature
End of Document © 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
© 2018 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 1