Monte Montgomery v. Monty Hitchcock ( 2016 )


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  •       TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
    NO. 03-14-00643-CV
    Monte Montgomery, Appellant
    v.
    Monty Hitchcock, Appellee
    FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 250TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
    NO. D-1-GN-14-000489, HONORABLE JON N. WISSER, JUDGE PRESIDING
    MEMORANDUM OPINION
    This is a direct appeal from a no-answer default judgment taken against
    Monte Montgomery by Monty Hitchcock for actual damages and attorney’s fees. Hitchcock sued
    Montgomery for breach of a promissory note and served Montgomery by substituted service.
    Because the record reflects that the citation was defective, we reverse the default judgment and
    remand to the trial court for a new trial.
    BACKGROUND
    Montgomery, a professional musician, entered into a promissory note in the amount
    of $50,000.00 with Hitchcock, a music industry manager, in May 2010. Montgomery made some
    payments on the note, but none after December 2010. Hitchcock gave Montgomery written notice
    of default but received no additional payments. On February 17, 2014, Hitchcock filed suit against
    Montgomery in Travis County district court, alleging breach of the promissory note and seeking
    attorney’s fees under chapter 38 of the Civil Practices and Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Prac.
    & Rem. Code §§ 38.000–.006. The next day, the Travis County District Clerk issued citation
    directed to Montgomery at 4415 Cisco Valley Drive, Round Rock, Texas 78664.                     The
    citation erroneously stated that the petition had been filed on February 18, 2014, rather than on
    February 17, 2014.
    On May 13, 2014, Hitchcock filed a motion for substituted service.                On
    May 14, 2014, the trial court issued an order for substituted service by delivery of the citation and
    petition to anyone over age 16 or by posting to the door at the Cisco Valley Drive address. See
    Tex. R. Civ. P. 106(b) (providing for substituted service upon motion supported by affidavit). On
    May 15, 2014, the process server executed a return of service by posting to the door. Montgomery
    did not file an answer, and on July 9, 2014, the trial court rendered a final judgment awarding
    Hitchcock $59,357.63 in actual damages and $1,650.00 in attorney’s fees. Montgomery filed
    a motion for new trial on August 8, 2014, which was overruled by operation of law. This
    appeal followed.
    DISCUSSION
    Substituted Service
    As part of his first issue, Montgomery argues that the citation was fatally defective
    because it misstated the date of filing of Hitchcock’s petition. We agree. The Texas Supreme Court
    has “long demanded strict compliance with applicable requirements when a defendant attacks a
    default judgment.” Hubicki v. Festina, 
    226 S.W.3d 405
    , 408 (Tex. 2007) (per curiam). “‘Strict
    compliance’ means literal compliance with the rules governing issuance, service, and return of
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    citation.” Amato v. Hernandez, 
    981 S.W.2d 947
    , 950 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet.
    denied). In contrast to the usual rule that all presumptions will be made in support of a judgment,
    when a default judgment is challenged, “[t]here are no presumptions in favor of valid issuance,
    service, and return of citation . . . .” Primate Constr., Inc. v. Silver, 
    884 S.W.2d 151
    , 152 (Tex.
    1994) (per curiam). Rather, a plaintiff defending a default judgment has the burden to show strict
    compliance with the procedural rules governing citation and return of service. TAC Americas, Inc.
    v. Boothe, 
    94 S.W.3d 315
    , 319 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, no pet.); see Primate 
    Constr., 884 S.W.2d at 152
    . The purpose of citation is to give the court jurisdiction over the parties and to provide notice
    to the defendant that he has been sued by a particular party, asserting a particular claim, in order to
    satisfy due process and allow the defendant the opportunity to appear and defend the action.
    Conseco Fin. Servicing Corp. v. Klein Indep. Sch. Dist., 
    78 S.W.3d 666
    , 675–76 (Tex.
    App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (citing Sgitcovich v. Sgitcovich, 
    241 S.W.2d 142
    , 146
    (Tex. 1951)). “If the record does not show strict compliance with the rules governing citation, the
    service is invalid and in personam jurisdiction cannot be established.” Mansell v. Insurance Co.
    of the W., 
    203 S.W.3d 499
    , 501 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.); 
    Boothe, 94 S.W.3d at 318
    –19. “[A] default judgment cannot withstand direct attack by a defendant who complains
    that he was not served in strict compliance with applicable requirements.” Wilson v. Dunn,
    
    800 S.W.2d 833
    , 836 (Tex. 1990).
    Rule 99 requires that the citation show the “date of filing of the petition.” See Tex.
    R. Civ. P. 99(b) (listing requirements for citation). “Texas law has long held that errors in stating
    the petition’s filing date are fatally defective.” 
    Mansell, 203 S.W.3d at 501
    –02 (observing that
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    statutory requirement that citation must recite filing date of petition “has remained substantially the
    same since the beginning of the twentieth century, and the legislature has indicated no intent to relax
    strict compliance in this regard” and reversing default judgment, despite actual personal service,
    where filing date was June 3, 2003, and citation recited filing date of June 3, 2004); see In re J.T.O.,
    No. 04-07-00241-CV, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 303, at *1–3 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Jan. 16, 2008,
    no pet.) (mem. op.) (finding citation fatally defective where pleading was filed on
    November 1, 2006, and citation stated filing date of December 08, 1994, and reversing default
    judgment); Hance v. Cogswell, 
    307 S.W.2d 277
    , 278–80 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1957, no writ)
    (reversing default judgment where citation did not state date of filing of petition, file number of suit,
    or date of issuance); Garza v. Garza, 
    223 S.W.2d 964
    , 964 (Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1949, no
    writ) (finding impossible filing date of “October 19, 194_” fatally defective and reversing default
    judgment); Conner v. W.C. Bowman Lumber Co., 
    45 S.W.2d 237
    , 238–39 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin
    1931, no writ) (remanding at request of both parties and stating that citation reciting petition filing
    date of May 30, 1931, when correct date was March 30, 1931, would require reversal); National
    Ben Franklin Fire Ins. Co. v. Scott, 
    214 S.W. 604
    , 604 (Tex. Civ. App.— Amarillo 1919, no writ)
    (invalidating citation that did not state petition filing date); Simms v. Miears, 
    190 S.W. 544
    , 544
    (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1916, no writ) (noting concerns of potential statute of limitations defense
    and finding citation fatally defective where filing date was October 5, 1915, and citation recited date
    of October 6, 1915); see also In the Interest of Z.J.W., 
    185 S.W.3d 905
    , 908 (Tex. App.—Tyler
    2006, no pet.) (concluding that because Texas Supreme Court has not sought to repeal Rule 105,
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    governing process server’s endorsement of citation, literal compliance with its mandates is required
    for service to support default judgment).
    In this case, the citation erroneously recited the petition’s filing date as
    February 18, 2014, rather than February 17, 2014. Thus, the citation does not comply with
    Rule 99(b). See 
    Hubicki, 226 S.W.3d at 408
    ; In re J.T.O., 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 303, at *1–3;
    
    Amato, 981 S.W.2d at 950
    (requiring literal compliance with rules governing issuance of citation
    despite actual personal service). Further, there has been no showing that the erroneous date did not
    confuse or somehow misled Montgomery. See 
    Mansell, 203 S.W.3d at 501
    (noting that there was
    no evidence defendant was not confused or misled by erroneous date; declining to apply more
    relaxed analysis applied in misnomer cases, which require evidence that defendant was actually
    served and was not confused or misled; and requiring strict compliance despite actual service).
    Hitchcock acknowledges the error but argues that the erroneous filing date recited in
    the citation is a minor discrepancy that should not require reversal under the “more modern
    approach.” In so arguing, he relies on Williams v. Williams, 
    150 S.W.3d 436
    (Tex. App.—Austin
    2004, pet. denied). In Williams, this Court cited the principle that strict compliance with the rules
    of service of citation does not require “obeisance to the minutest detail.” See 
    id. at 443–44.
    However, cases relying on that proposition “turn on their facts,” which include that “the citation and
    return show, with reasonable certainty, that the citation was served on the defendant in the suit.”
    In re 
    Z.J.W., 185 S.W.3d at 907
    & n.2. In Williams, although the citation omitted the name of the
    petitioner in a suit to terminate the parent-child relationship, the respondent was personally served,
    appeared at the hearing on her motion for new trial, and testified that she had been properly served,
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    had read “all of ‘the papers,’” and had drafted a response but did not mail it until after the default
    judgment was rendered. 
    See 150 S.W.3d at 441
    –42, 444–45; see also Tex. R. Civ. P. 99(b)
    (requiring citation to show names of parties). This Court concluded that failure to include the name
    of a party is not a minute detail but observed that the purpose behind strict adherence to the rules
    regarding service of citation is to “ensure that there is no question about whether the proper party
    has been served before a default judgment is rendered.” 
    Williams, 150 S.W.3d at 444
    (stating that
    as long as record as whole shows citation was served on defendant, service of process will not be
    invalidated). The court therefore reasoned that because there was no dispute that respondent had
    been personally served and because the record established that she was aware of the identity of the
    petitioner (her ex-husband), the trial court did not err in assuming personal jurisdiction over her. 
    Id. at 445.
    In contrast, here, service was purportedly obtained through substituted service by posting
    to the door of Montgomery’s residence, not by personal service. Further, Montgomery did not file
    an answer, and he maintains that he was not served and first learned of the suit upon receiving a copy
    of the default judgment from the Travis County District Clerk. Thus, the record before us as a whole
    does not establish that Montgomery was served, and we do not find Williams controlling.
    Cf. 
    id. at 444–45.
    We also observe that the Texas Supreme Court and our sister courts have required
    strict compliance with other rules of issuance, service, and return of citation. See, e.g., Insurance
    Co. of State of Pa. v. Lejeune, 
    297 S.W.3d 254
    , 256 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam) (reversing
    default judgment where return lacked required notation showing hour of receipt of citation, as
    required by Rules 16 and 105); Premier Coin Galleries, Inc. v. Grinage, No. 04-08-00863-CV,
    6
    2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 4691, at *6 (Tex. App.—San Antonio June 24, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.)
    (reversing default judgment where return presented inconsistency in times of receipt and execution);
    In re 
    Z.J.W., 185 S.W.3d at 907
    –08 (reversing default judgment where return lacked required
    notation showing hour of receipt of citation, as required by Rules 16 and 105); Payne v. Payne,
    No. 14-05-00738-CV, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 8573, at *1, *6, *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
    Oct. 5, 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.) (reversing default judgment where return did not indicate manner
    of service, as required by Rule 107); Smith v. United States Auto. Acceptance 1995-I, Inc.,
    No. 05-98-00061-CV, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 2434, at *7–10 (Tex. App.—Dallas Apr. 13, 2000,
    no pet.) (not designated for publication) (reversing default judgment where return did not clearly
    indicate that signature was that of sheriff, as required by Rules 103 and 107).
    We conclude that because the citation failed to recite the correct filing date of the
    petition in accordance with Rule 99(b), it was fatally defective. See 
    Lejeune, 297 S.W.3d at 256
    ;
    
    Mansell, 203 S.W.3d at 501
    . We therefore sustain Montgomery’s first issue as to that argument.1
    Accordingly, we reverse the default judgment and remand for further proceedings.
    CONCLUSION
    We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand this case to the trial court for further
    proceedings consistent with this opinion.
    1
    Having sustained Montgomery’s first issue as to the citation, which is dispositive, we need
    not consider the remainder of his first issue, in which he challenges the default judgment on the basis
    of error in the return; his second issue, in which he argues that the trial court abused its discretion
    in allowing his motion for new trial to be overruled by operation of law; or his third issue, in which
    he challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the award of actual damages and attorney’s
    fees. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
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    __________________________________________
    Melissa Goodwin, Justice
    Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Goodwin and Field
    Reversed and Remanded
    Filed: May 25, 2016
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