Charles Blake Defore v. State ( 2016 )

NOS. 12-15-00074-CR
12-15-00075-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
TYLER, TEXAS
CHARLES BLAKE DEFORE, § APPEALS FROM THE 3RD
APPELLANT
V. § JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE § ANDERSON COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Charles Blake Defore appeals two convictions for manufacture or delivery of a controlled
substance and one conviction for tampering with evidence. After a bench trial, the court
sentenced Appellant to thirty years of imprisonment for each offense, to run concurrently.
Appellant contends the trial court failed to adjudicate him guilty on two of the offenses prior to
sentencing. We affirm the judgment in appellate cause number 12-15-00074-CR. We affirm the
judgment on count one in appellate cause number 12-15-00075-CR. We affirm the judgment on
count two in appellate cause number 12-15-00075-CR to the extent it adjudicates guilt, reverse it
to the extent it assesses punishment, and remand count two for a new sentencing hearing.
BACKGROUND
In trial court cause number 31070, appellate cause number 12-15-00074-CR, Appellant
was indicted for possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance. In trial court cause
number 31077, appellate cause number 12-15-00075-CR, Appellant was indicted in count one
for possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance, and in count two for tampering with
evidence. He was placed on ten years of deferred adjudication community supervision for each
of the three offenses.
Almost two years later, the State filed a motion to proceed to adjudication in each cause
number, including both counts in cause number 31077. At the hearing on those motions,
evidence was presented identifying the conditions of community supervision that Appellant
failed to comply with in each case. The court found all the allegations to be true. The court
orally adjudged Appellant guilty in cause number 31077, twice, and granted the motion as to
count two. The court rendered written judgments adjudicating guilt in cause numbers 31070 and
31077, sentencing Appellant to thirty years of imprisonment in each of the three offenses, the
sentences to run concurrently.
ORAL PRONOUNCEMENT OF GUILT
In his sole issue, Appellant contends the trial court failed to adjudicate him guilty prior to
sentencing in cause number 31070 and in count two of cause number 31077. He asserts that, as a
result, the judgments are not final.
After both sides rested, the trial court ruled as follows:
I find the allegations, including the allegation of failure to report the
arrest, to be true. All the allegations as amended from the testimony are granted.
Mr. Defore, in Cause Number 31,077, [sic] the Court hereby finds and
adjudge [sic] you guilty as charged of the offense of manufacturing a controlled
substance. In Cause Number 31,077, the Court hereby finds and adjudges you
guilty as charged of the offense of manufacture and delivery of a controlled
substance.
Now, folks, what about Count 2? I didn’t—I didn’t address Count 2. I
grant the motion as to Count 2. The evidence was sufficient to support it, as
well.
Same and all shall be the order and judgment of this Court. So ordered.
Gentlemen, are you ready to proceed to punishment?
Here, the court specifically found Appellant guilty in cause number 31077, referencing
count one. We hold that the court implicitly found Appellant guilty of count two when it granted
the motion to adjudicate as to count two. Additionally, the court apparently misspoke when it
recited the same cause number twice, but intended to say cause number 31070 once and 31077
once. Then, the court immediately began the sentencing phase for all three offenses. This, too,
is an implication that the court found Appellant guilty of all three offenses. See Villela v. State,
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564 S.W.2d 750, 751 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978) (held that when trial court ordered
presentence investigation for a later punishment hearing, court necessarily implied it had found
appellant guilty).
Moreover, the judgment in each cause number states that the court grants the motion to
adjudicate Appellant’s guilt, finds that he committed the offenses, and orders, adjudges, and
decrees that Appellant is guilty of the offenses. The absence of an express oral pronouncement
of guilt by the trial court does not render the written judgments void. Id.; Sanchez v. State, 222
S.W.3d 85, 88 (Tex. App.−Tyler 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.). Because the trial court implicitly
found Appellant guilty prior to sentencing, the judgments are final. We overrule Appellant’s
sole issue.
SENTENCING
The State points out that the judgment reflects Appellant was sentenced to thirty years of
imprisonment for the offense of tampering with evidence. However, that offense is a third
degree felony punishable by imprisonment for two to ten years. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§
12.34, 37.09(c) (West 2011 & Supp. 2015). A sentence that is outside the maximum or
minimum range of punishment is unauthorized by law and therefore illegal. Mizell v. State, 119
S.W.3d 804, 806 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). If punishment is not authorized by law, the portion of
the sentence imposing that punishment is void. Fullbright v. State, 818 S.W.2d 808, 809 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1991); State v. Rowan, 927 S.W.2d 116, 118-19 (Tex. App.−Houston [1st Dist.]
1996, no pet.). We therefore vacate the sentence in the tampering with evidence case and
remand it to the trial court for a new punishment hearing. Tex. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
44.29(b) (West Supp. 2015).
DISPOSITION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment in appellate cause number 12-15-00074-CR, trial
court cause number 31070, and on count one in appellate cause number 12-15-00075-CR, trial
court cause number 31077.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment of conviction on count two in appellate cause
number 12-15-00075-CR, trial court cause number 31077, but we reverse the trial court’s
judgment as to the sentence for count two. We remand count two for a new punishment hearing.
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JAMES T. WORTHEN
Chief Justice
Opinion delivered July 12, 2016.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Hoyle, J., and Neeley, J.
(DO NOT PUBLISH)
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COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS
JUDGMENT
JULY 12, 2016
NO. 12-15-00074-CR
CHARLES BLAKE DEFORE,
Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
Appeal from the 3rd District Court
of Anderson County, Texas (Tr.Ct.No. 31070)
THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed
herein, and the same being considered, it is the opinion of this court that there was no error in the
judgment.
It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment of
the court below be in all things affirmed, and that the decision be certified to the court below
for observance.
James T. Worthen, Justice.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Hoyle, J., and Neeley, J.
COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS
JUDGMENT
JULY 12, 2016
NO. 12-15-00075-CR
CHARLES BLAKE DEFORE,
Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
Appeal from the 3rd District Court
of Anderson County, Texas (Tr.Ct.No. 31077)
THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed
herein, and the same being considered, it is the opinion of this court that there was error in the
judgment.
It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment of
the court below is affirmed as to count one.
It is further ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the portion of the
judgment adjudicating guilt as to count two is affirmed.
It is further ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the sentencing
portion of the judgment as to count two is reversed, and the cause as to count two is remanded
for a new trial on punishment only, and that the decision be certified to the court below for
observance.
James T. Worthen, Justice.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Hoyle, J., and Neeley, J.