Tom Maddux, Individually and Dba Lost Prairie Cycles AKA Thomas Earl Maddux v. Michael D. Reid ( 2015 )

IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-13-00174-CV
TOM MADDUX, INDIVIDUALLY AND DBA
LOST PRAIRIE CYCLES; AKA THOMAS EARL MADDUX,
Appellant
v.
MICHAEL D. REID,
Appellee
From the 87th District Court
Limestone County, Texas
Trial Court No. 29,549-A
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Michael D. Reid took his 2008 Firefighter’s Edition Harley Davidson motorcycle
to Tom Maddux at his place of business, Lost Prairie Cycles, to have the engine
repaired. When it was repaired, Maddux called Reid to come pick it up. Reid did not
immediately pick up the motorcycle. By the time he remembered about picking it up,
the motorcycle had been damaged by a fire started by Maddux in his pasture which
spread to the motorcycle shop and Reid’s motorcycle. Reid sued Maddux for the
market value of the motorcycle. After a jury trial, Reid was awarded $19,000 for the
motorcycle. Because we find no error, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Maddux represented himself at trial and is representing himself in this appeal. 1
At three distinct places in his brief, he sets out: 1) specific points for review, 2)
questions of fact, and 3) questions of law. These are set out, verbatim, below.
Points Presented for Review:
1. Whether Appellant, under the agreed Contract was liable to Appellee
for additional care of the Motorcycle beyond the three days agreed on by
the Contracted Parties.
2. Whether Appellee breached the agreed verbal Contract.
3. Whether the $19,000 arrived at by the Court is justified by the facts and
law presented at Trial.
4. Whether the Trial Court can provide an award in opposition to Texas
Statutes and Codes CHAPTER 41. DAMAGES.
(Ap. Br. pg. 6).
QUESTIONS OF FACT
1. Did Appellee have a verbal contract with Appellant?
2. Did Appellee leave his supposed motorcycle at LOST PRAIRIE CYCLES
beyond the agreed time?
3. Is Appellee the owner of the damaged motorcycle?
4. Did Appellant fulfill his contract obligation with Appellee?
5. Did Appellant receive any consideration from Appellee for the work
done on the motorcycle?
6. Did Appellee present proof of value for the damaged motorcycle?
7. Is Appellee continuing to occupy space on Appellant's land?
8. Is Appellee attempting to collect twice for the same loss since Appellee
was compensated for the loss of the motorcycle in question by Appellee's
Insurance Company (Progressive)?
1 To some extent, Maddux’s brief evidences a belief that we will be conducting something akin to a new
trial rather than a review of the previously conducted trial for legal error that impacted the judgment.
Some of his arguments, which may have been appropriate for consideration in the trial court cannot be
addressed on appeal. We have endeavored to address those issues raised by Maddux which are
appropriate for appeal in this opinion
Maddux v. Reid Page 2
(Ap. Br. pg. 18).
QUESTIONS OF LAW
1. Was Appellant liable for abandoned property, past the agreed upon
verbal contract date, which was damaged in the accidental fire?
2. Was Appellant liable for Appellees's (sic) failure to retrieve his alleged
property timely?
3. Was Appellant under contract with Appellee at the time the accidental
fire consumed the Motorcycle?
4. Does Appellant deserve compensation for the space being used by the
damaged motorcycle?
5. Is Appellee being indemnified for the same motorcycle from
Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and Appellant Thomas Earl?
(Ap. Br. pg. 19).
Some of the points and questions relate to each other. Thus, we will try to group, as
best we can, the related items to determine Maddux’s appeal.
BAILMENT
To start, we combine the first two points, whether Maddux, under an agreed
contract was liable to Reid for additional care of the motorcycle beyond the three days
alleged to have been agreed on by the parties and whether Reid breached the alleged
verbal contract, with Maddux’s first four questions of fact and first three questions of
law. Based on the arguments in his brief, it appears Maddux contends that he and Reid
had a verbal agreement that Reid would pick up the motorcycle within three days after
he was notified that it was repaired; that Reid breached the agreement by not picking
up the motorcycle in that time, and therefore, Maddux was not liable to Reid for the
damage to the motorcycle.
Maddux v. Reid Page 3
This was a bailment case. A bailment is the “delivery of personal property by
one person (the bailor) to another (the bailee) who holds the property for a certain
purpose under an express or implied-in-fact contract.” Lopez v. Lopez, 271 S.W.3d 780,
788 n.6 (Tex. App.—Waco 2008, no pet.) (quoting BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 151-52
(8th ed. 2004)). The elements of a bailment are: (1) the delivery of personal property by
one person to another in trust for a specific purpose; (2) acceptance of such delivery; (3)
an express or implied contract that the trust will be carried out; and (4) an
understanding under the terms of the contract that the property will be returned to the
transferor (bailor) or dealt with as the transferor directs. Lopez, 271 S.W.3d at 788 n.6;
Small v. Small, 216 S.W.3d 872, 877-78 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2007, pet. denied).
In this case, Reid, the bailor, delivered the motorcycle to Maddux, the bailee, for
the specific purpose of diagnosing and repairing the motorcycle’s engine or other
mechanical problems. Maddux accepted the motorcycle for that purpose. When the
repairs were made, the parties understood that Maddux would notify Reid, Reid would
pay for the repairs, and the motorcycle would be returned to Reid. Under these facts,
the elements of a bailment have been met.
The bailment relationship is governed by principles of negligence. Bank One,
Tex., N.A. v. Stewart, 967 S.W.2d 419, 432 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet.
denied); Carter v. Flowers, No. 02-10-00226-CV, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 7829, *4 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Sept. 29, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.). That is, the bailment contract
Maddux v. Reid Page 4
gives rise to a duty on the part of the bailee, and, in a case such as this of a bailment for
mutual benefit of the parties,2 that duty is to take reasonable care in safekeeping the
property that is the subject matter of the bailment. Trammell v. Whitlock, 242 S.W.2d 157,
159 (1951); Ampco Auto Parks, Inc. v. Williams, 517 S.W.2d 401, 403 (Tex. Civ. App.—
Dallas 1974, writ ref'd n.r.e.). See Carter, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 7829 at *4. The bailee has
an obligation to return the property to the bailor when the purpose of the bailment has
ended or to keep the property until the bailor reclaims it. English v. Dhane, 156 Tex. 231,
233, 294 S.W.2d 709, 711 (1956); Allright Auto Parks, Inc. v. Moore, 560 S.W.2d 129, 130
(Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1977, writ ref'd n.r.e.); see also D & D Assocs., Inc. v. Sierra
Plastics, Inc., 570 S.W.2d 205, 206 (Tex. Civ. App.—Waco 1978, no writ) ("[E]very
bailment contract contemplates return of the property bailed, either in the same or
altered form, or its delivery to a third person with the express or implied consent of the
bailor."); see also Carter, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 7829 at *4.
Once the bailor proves that the property was not returned, a rebuttable
presumption arises of negligence by the bailee in the performance of his duties,
establishing a prima facie case of liability against the bailee. Buchanan v. Byrd, 519
S.W.2d 841, 843 (Tex. 1975); Sanroc Co. International v. Roadrunner Transp., Inc., 596
S.W.2d 320, 322 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1980, no pet.). Once a prima facie case
2Andrews v. Allen, 724 S.W.2d 893, 895-96 (Tex. App.—Austin 1987, no writ) (defining a bailment for
mutual benefit as one in which the bailment was created as an incident of a business in which the bailee
makes a profit).
Maddux v. Reid Page 5
is presented and the fact of negligence is presumed, the bailee has the duty to produce
evidence of some other cause of loss or injury not due to his negligence. Trammell v.
Whitlock, 242 S.W.2d 157, 160 (Tex. 1951); Prime Prods. v. S.S.I. Plastics, 97 S.W.3d 631,
635 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied). The presumption may not be
overcome by the bailee by proving loss by fire or theft. Sanroc Co. International, Inc., 596
S.W.2d at 322.
Reid proved that the motorcycle was not returned because it had been damaged
in a fire. Thus, he presumptively proved negligence. The burden shifted to Maddux to
show some other cause of loss or injury that was not due to his own negligence. The
evidence showed that Maddux started a fire in his pasture, lost control of it, and the
motorcycle was damaged due to the fire. No other reason for the loss was presented.
Based on this evidence, the presumption of Maddux’s negligence was not overcome.
Maddux contends Reid’s failure to retrieve the motorcycle within three days
after notification of its repair, relieves Maddux of his obligation to protect or care for the
motorcycle. But limitations of liability must be called to the attention of the bailor
before they may become part of the bailment contract. Allright, Inc. v. Elledge, 515
S.W.2d 266, 268 (Tex. 1974). There was no evidence of a three day pick-up requirement
that was brought to Reid’s attention. Thus, Maddux’s liability was not limited.
Accordingly, based on the reasons above, Maddux’s first two points of review,
first four questions of fact, and first three questions of law are overruled.
Maddux v. Reid Page 6
INSURANCE PROCEEDS
In Maddux’s third point, he complains that the $19,000 award to Reid was
excessive because Reid had been paid by his insurance company for a previous accident
with the motorcycle and had possibly paid off his loan on the motorcycle with the
insurance proceeds. He also contends that because Reid was poised to make a profit,
the extra amount awarded must have been for other damages that were not presented
to the jury. This point seems to relate to Maddux’s eighth question of fact and fifth
question of law.
To the extent Maddux is arguing that Reid committed fraud, even though fraud
was raised in a counter-claim a few days before trial, no issue of fraud was submitted to
the jury and Maddux did not ask for it to be submitted. Thus, error, if any, is not
preserved. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; TEX. R. CIV. P. 274. To the extent Maddux is arguing
about whether Reid’s award should be reduced due to prior insurance payments, the
collateral source rule precludes any reduction in a tortfeasor's liability because of
benefits received by the plaintiff from someone else. Haygood v. De Escabedo, 356 S.W.3d
390, 394 (Tex. 2011). Whether Reid is receiving a windfall or whether Reid is required
to reimburse Reid’s insurance company, is between Reid and the insurance company. It
is not relevant to the issue of Maddux’s liability to Reid. Further, to the extent Maddux
is arguing that additional damages questions should have been submitted to the jury,
Maddux v. Reid Page 7
he did not request any additional questions and this argument is not preserved. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; TEX. R. CIV. P. 274.
Maddux’s third point, eighth question of fact, and fifth question of law are
overruled.
JURY AWARD
In his last point for review, Maddux complains that liability was determined by
the trial court and not the jury; market value evidence could not be presented by the
owner of the property; the award by the jury exceeded the amount presented to the trial
court; and other types of damages were not submitted to the jury. This point appears to
relate to his sixth question of fact.
Although the question of liability was not submitted to the jury, Maddux did not
object to its omission. And, as stated in response to Maddux’s first two points, Maddux
did not rebut the presumption of negligence. Thus, liability was established. Further,
an omitted element shall be deemed found in a manner as to support the judgment.
TEX. R. CIV. P. 279. Thus, liability in this case is deemed found.
As to Maddux’s damages complaints, the standard for measuring damage to
personal property is the difference in its market value immediately before and
immediately after the injury, at the place where the damage occurred. Thomas v.
Oldham, 895 S.W.2d 352, 359 (Tex. 1995). An owner may testify to the value of his or her
own property if the testimony relates to the market value of the property. Id.
Maddux v. Reid Page 8
Reid testified, as he may, to the market value of the motorcycle. It was a special
edition firefighter model and he paid $27,500 for it. Although the exact amount is
unclear, Reid believed he still owed $9,000 or $11,000 on the motorcycle after the fire.
He paid off the debt owed on the motorcycle right before trial. Further, although before
the fire the motorcycle had been “laid over” in a grassy ditch to avoid a collision and
was in the process of being repaired, in Reid’s opinion, the reasonable cash market
value of the motorcycle in Limestone County when he dropped it off with Maddux was
$25,000 or so. He opined that at the time of the trial, the same motorcycle could be
purchased for $22,000 to $23,000.
Maddux testified that he would not buy the motorcycle due to all the parts that
he said were missing from the motorcycle, at any price, after he had repaired it.3
Maddux further testified that after the fire, he would give about $1,000 for it. He also
stated that the normal reduction in value for a motorcycle after the first year is about 25
percent. Reid testified he had no idea what the motorcycle was worth now, after the
fire, because Maddux would not let him see it or retrieve it. He stated he would have to
rely on Maddux’s testimony that it was worth $1,000 after the fire.
Considering the testimony regarding the value of the motorcycle, the amount
awarded by the jury is supported by the evidence. See Callejo v. Brazos Electric Power
3Reid testified that the seat, the exhaust pipes, the muffler and the “tour package” still needed to be
added to the motorcycle. Reid had these parts, other than the tour package, in his possession. After the
motorcycle was destroyed in the fire, he returned the parts.
Maddux v. Reid Page 9
Cooperative, Inc., 755 S.W.2d 73, 75-76 (Tex. 1988). Maddux’s fourth point for review and
sixth question of fact are overruled.
COMPENSATION
Although no corresponding point for review is raised, Maddux also contends in
his seventh question of fact and fourth question of law that Reid’s motorcycle is still on
his premises and that Maddux deserves compensation for the space being used by the
motorcycle. In his fifth question of fact, Maddux further requests compensation for the
work he performed on Reid’s motorcycle. No issue regarding compensation of any
kind was submitted to the jury, and Maddux did not ask for it to be submitted. Thus,
error, if any, is not preserved. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; TEX. R. CIV. P. 274. Maddux’s
fifth and seventh questions of fact and fourth question of law are overruled.
CONCLUSION
Having overruled each of Maddux’s points for review, questions of fact, and
questions of law, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
TOM GRAY
Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Davis, and
Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed June 18, 2015
[CV06]
Maddux v. Reid Page 10