Michael Anthony Hammack v. State ( 2019 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-18-00212-CR
MICHAEL ANTHONY HAMMACK, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 354th District Court
Hunt County, Texas
Trial Court No. 32355CR
Before Morriss, C.J., Burgess and Stevens, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Morriss
MEMORANDUM OPINION
During Michael Anthony Hammack’s Hunt County jury trial on a charge of interfering
with child custody, Rhonda West, investigator with the Texas Department of Family and Protective
Services (Department), testified that she and another Department investigator, Amber Davidson,
went to Hammack’s residence to attempt to serve an Order of Protection of a Child in an
Emergency (Order) dated February 27, 2018, that awarded custody of Hammack’s child to the
Department. At the residence, Davidson explained to Hammack that, pursuant to the Order, they
were there to take custody of the child. Davidson testified that Hammack understood such result
from the Order, became aggressive, and ordered them off the property. Davidson and West
departed, but then took custody of the child at the child’s school with the assistance of a peace
officer and telephoned Hammack to tell him that the Department (1) had obtained custody of the
child as a result of the Order and (2) had thus picked her up at school. The child managed to escape
from the Department’s possession and was later, temporarily, secreted by Hammack.
As a result, Hammack was convicted of interfering with child custody, sentenced to two
years’ confinement in state jail, and fined $10,000.00. The sentence was suspended and Hammack
was placed on five years’ community supervision. As a condition of Hammack’s community
supervision, the trial court ordered him confined to jail for 180 days. 1
In his sole point of error on appeal, Hammack claims the evidence was legally insufficient
to prove he knew he was violating the terms of a judgment or order when he secreted the child.
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The trial court also ordered Hammack to pay $3,320.00 in attorney fees for his court-appointed counsel. Hammack
informed the trial court that he could afford to pay $100.00 in attorney fees per month.
2
Because we find the evidence legally sufficient to support the conviction, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
In evaluating legal sufficiency of the evidence, we review all the evidence in the light most
favorable to the trial court’s judgment to determine whether any rational jury could have found the
essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893,
912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (plurality op.) (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979));
Hartsfield v. State, 305 S.W.3d 859, 863 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2010, pet. ref’d). We examine
legal sufficiency under the direction of the Brooks opinion, while giving deference to the
responsibility of the jury “to fairly resolve conflicts in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to
draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.” Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13
(Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318–19); Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772,
778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
Legal sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the offense as defined by
a hypothetically correct jury charge. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).
The “hypothetically correct” jury charge is “one that accurately sets out the law, is authorized by
the indictment, does not unnecessarily increase the State’s burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict
the State’s theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for which the
defendant was tried.” Id.
A person commits the state jail felony of interfering with child custody if he or she takes
or retains a child “when the person knows that the person’s taking or retention violates the express
terms of a judgment or order, including a temporary order, of a court disposing of the child’s
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custody.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 25.03(a)(1), (d). Hammack does not contest the fact that he
secreted the child in violation of the terms of a temporary order. Instead, he challenges the jury’s
finding that he had knowledge of the order. While it is the State’s burden to prove the element of
knowledge beyond a reasonable doubt, knowledge “can be inferred from the acts, words, and
conduct of the accused.” Louis v. State, 329 S.W.3d 260, 269 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2010), aff’d,
393 S.W.3d 246 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012); see Charlton v. State, 334 S.W.3d 5, 12 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2008, no pet.) (citing Hart v. State, 89 S.W.3d 61, 64 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)).
The State indicted Hammack for taking or retaining his child “when the said defendant
knew [the retention of the child] . . . violated the express terms of . . . [an] Order of Protection of
a Child in an Emergency.” Hammack stipulated that this Order granted the Department the
temporary sole managing conservatorship and “the sole right of possession and physical custody”
of the child until the March 9, 2018, temporary hearing. A writ of attachment securing the child’s
possession in favor of the Department was also issued.
At trial, Hammack established that he was never served with the Order. However, the jury
was presented with other evidence suggesting his knowledge about its contents.
This record contains the above evidence of the Department’s attempt to serve and execute
the Order at Hammack’s residence and the follow-up telephone call to Hammack. Also, during
the call, Hammack reportedly questioned how Davidson had obtained the Order, and, when
Davidson replied with the name of the judge who signed the Order, Hammack said, “[T]hat can’t
be possible because I only work with a different judge.” Davidson testified that, as a result of their
telephone conversation, Hammack understood the Order and knew that the Department had
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obtained custody of the child. Davidson asked Hammack to meet her at the office to discuss the
situation, but Hammack did not comply. It was after this telephone conversation that the child
escaped from the Child Protective Services (CPS).
Kelvin Gene Rhodes, Jr., an officer with the Commerce Police Department (CPD), testified
that he was asked to help locate the child. According to Rhodes, the Department believed that the
child was at Hammack’s house. Rhodes and CPS workers travelled to Hammack’s home, but he
told them he had not seen the child. Rhodes informed Hammack that the child was “missing from
the custody of [the Department].” In Rhodes’ opinion, Hammack was not surprised by this
information and knew the child was supposed to be with the Department. Rhodes’ search of the
home revealed that the child was not there.
Alvarado Torres, another investigator with the Department, testified that, shortly after
Rhodes confronted Hammack at his house, he saw the child, the child’s boyfriend, and Hammack
walk into Hammack’s mother’s house. Torres called the local police and waited outside. A police
officer, Marcus Cantera, testified that he arrived at the house and spoke with Hammack’s mother,
Linda Hammack. Cantera testified that he told Linda that the child escaped from the Department
after the writ of attachment was executed. In searching Linda’s home, Cantera heard people
talking in the attic and found Hammack on a ladder leading to the attic. Cantera testified that
Hammack began yelling and accusing Cantera of violating his constitutional rights. On witnessing
the confrontation, Linda recanted her prior consent to Cantera’s search of the house. Cantera left,
even though he heard people in the attic. He added that Hammack followed him outside and saw
Torres’ vehicle waiting to transport the child if found. According to Cantera, Hammack “was told
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about the order before [Cantera] got there” and knew that the Department had temporary custody
of the child.
The child was found in Hammack’s home on March 6. 2 Davidson and Laura Sumner, the
clerk for Choctaw County, Oklahoma, testified that Hammack brought the pregnant child to
Oklahoma and consented to her marriage to her older boyfriend on March 5. A copy of the
marriage certificate containing Hammack’s signature was presented to the jury.
We conclude the evidence is legally sufficient to support the jury’s finding that Hammack
knew (1) the Order existed, (2) it granted sole custody of the child to the Department, (3) the
Department had obtained a writ of attachment to secure the child, and (4) his possession of the
child violated the Order. Although he was not formally served with the Order, West, Davidson,
Rhodes, and Cantera testified Hammack was notified about the Order and knew the Department
had obtained custody of the child. Davidson testified she again told Hammack that the Department
had obtained custody of the child after the child was escorted to the CPS office. When the child
went missing, Torres saw her, the boyfriend, and Hammack enter, but not exit, Linda’s home. This
testimony, combined with Cantera’s testimony, showed that Hammack was at least participating
in the child being secreted in Linda’s attic. From this evidence, the jury could infer that Hammack
knew he was violating the terms of the Order by possessing the child.
2
According to Torres, the child escaped CPS offices again on March 6.
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We find the evidence legally sufficient to support the jury’s verdict of guilt. Accordingly,
we overrule Hammack’s sole point of error.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Josh R. Morriss, III
Chief Justice
Date Submitted: May 29, 2019
Date Decided: May 30, 2019
Do Not Publish
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