John Will Webb v. State ( 2015 )

AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed January 30, 2015.
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-14-00743-CR
No. 05-14-00744-CR
JOHN WILL WEBB, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 1
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause Nos. F85-88094-H and F85-98761-H
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Bridges, Lang-Miers, and Myers
Opinion by Justice Lang-Miers
John Will Webb and his brother, Clinton Webb, were convicted of aggravated robbery
and murder of an Exxon self-service gas station manager in 1985. John was sentenced to life in
prison for the murder and, pursuant to a plea bargain, twenty years in prison for the aggravated
robbery. In 2012, the trial court appointed one lawyer to represent both appellant and his brother
on a motion for post-conviction forensic DNA testing pursuant to Chapter 64 of the Texas Code
of Criminal Procedure. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. arts. 64.01–.05 (West 2006 & Supp.
2014). Appointed counsel filed a combined formal motion for both appellant’s and his brother’s
respective two cases. The trial court ordered mitochondrial DNA testing of loose hair found in
the victim’s hand, but did not order DNA testing of two firearms and spent bullets. On appeal,
appellant argues that the trial court erred by denying DNA testing of the firearms and spent
bullets. We resolve appellant’s sole issue against him. We issue this memorandum opinion
because all dispositive issues are settled by law. 1 TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
Standard of Review
We review a trial court’s decision on a motion for post-conviction DNA testing under a
bifurcated standard of review. Rivera v. State, 89 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). “[W]e
afford almost total deference to a trial court’s determination of issues of historical fact and
application-of-law-to-fact issues that turn on credibility and demeanor, while we review de novo
other application-of-law-to-fact issues.” Id.Applicable Law
Article 64.01 of the code of criminal procedure states that a convicted person may file a
motion for DNA testing of evidence containing biological material. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.
ANN. art. 64.01(a–1). It defines “biological material” as “an item that is in possession of the state
and that contains blood, semen, hair, saliva, skin tissue or cells, fingernail scrapings, bone,
bodily fluids, or other identifiable biological evidence that may be suitable for forensic DNA
testing[.]” Id. art. 64.01(a)(1). The convicted person is required to file an affidavit with the
motion, “sworn to by the convicted person, containing statements of fact in support of the
motion.” Id. art. 64.01(a–1).
Upon receiving the convicted person’s motion, the trial court must notify the State and
require the State to “deliver the evidence to the court, along with a description of the condition of
the evidence” or “explain in writing to the court why the State cannot deliver the evidence to the
court.” Id. art. 64.02(a). The trial court may order DNA testing if certain conditions are met. Id.art. 64.03(a). Among those conditions is that the convicted person “establishes by a
1
We are simultaneously issuing our opinion in appellant’s brother’s appeals, case nos. 05-14-00746-CR and 05-14-00747-CR.
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preponderance of the evidence that . . . [he] would not have been convicted if exculpatory results
had been obtained through DNA testing[.]” Id. art. 64.03(a)(2)(A).
Discussion
Appellant formally moved for DNA testing of “evidence containing biological material”
without referring to any specific evidence in the case. In his affidavit attached to the motion,
appellant did not refer to any specific evidence, but declared, “The ultimate question in this case
was whether I . . . committed the offense of murder . . . . There is a reasonable probability that it
would show that I did not commit this offense if testing was performed on the biological
material.” The affidavit did not contain statements of fact to support why appellant thought
DNA testing of the evidence would show he did not commit the offense.
After receiving notice of appellant’s motion, the State reported to the trial court that the
evidence in the case consisted of loose hair found in the victim’s hand, the victim’s head-hair
standard, two firearms, and spent bullets. The State did not oppose testing of the hair found in
the victim’s hand, but it did oppose testing of the firearms and spent bullets. The State argued
that appellant had not established there was biological evidence available for testing on the
firearms and spent bullets, and, even if he had, he did not show “that there is at least a 51%
chance that the jury would not have convicted him had it been aware of the presumptively
favorable test results.”
The trial court signed an order granting mitochondrial DNA testing of the loose hair
found in the victim’s hand. After the results came back that “no amplifiable human
mitochondrial DNA was observed for the hairs from the victim’s hand,” the court issued its
finding that “had these results been available during the trials of these offenses, it is NOT
reasonably probable that [appellant] would not have been convicted.”
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On appeal, appellant argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion for DNA
testing of the firearms and spent bullets. But appellant does not cite where he asked the court for
DNA testing of the firearms and spent bullets. Appellant’s written motion did not specifically
request DNA testing of those items, and because there is no record of a hearing on appellant’s
motion in our appellate record, the record does not show that he orally moved for testing of those
items. See Dinkins v. State, 84 S.W.3d 639, 642 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (because different
motions asked for testing of different evidence, court “not entirely clear as to what evidence
appellant wants tested”).
Additionally, the order did not deny testing of the firearms and spent bullets and, in fact,
did not refer to that evidence at all. Consequently, the record does not reflect that appellant
asked for or got a ruling on his request. See Shannon v. State, 116 S.W.3d 52, 54–55 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2003) (rules of preservation apply to motions for post-conviction DNA testing). And
appellant’s affidavit did not include statements of fact to support testing of the firearms and spent
bullets. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(a–1); Dinkins, 84 S.W.3d at 642 (general
statement that statutory requirements were met not sufficient; appellant must provide affidavit
containing statements of fact to support motion).
Appellant argues that the State did not deliver the firearms and spent bullets to the court
as the statute required, and if it had, he could have determined whether there was biological
evidence on those items. But appellant does not cite the record showing he made this argument
below or that he asked the trial court to inquire of the State about the delivery of the evidence.
See Shannon, 116 S.W.3d at 54–55 (appellant may not complain on appeal if appellant did not
ask court to make inquiry of State about existence of evidence).
Appellant also argues that if the results of testing on the firearms and spent bullets had
been exculpatory, he would not have been convicted because the evidence showed that “there
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were two unknown individuals who actually committed this offense” and “there is certainly a
greater than 50% chance that [he] would not have been convicted.” See Holberg v. State, 425
S.W.3d 282, 286–87 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014) (Chapter 64 requires convicted person to “show by
a preponderance of the evidence (that is, greater than 50% likelihood) that [he] would not have
been convicted had any exculpatory results generated by the proposed testing been available at
the time of [his] trial.”).
Appellant has not cited and we have not found where he made this argument to the trial
court. See Shannon, 116 S.W.3d at 54–55. But even if he had, the evidence at trial showed that
four men, one of whom was appellant, committed the aggravated robbery and murder. Webb v.
State, 766 S.W.2d 236, 238 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). 2 Consequently, appellant bore the burden to
establish that he would not have been convicted as a principal or as a party. Ex parte Gutierrez,
337 S.W.3d 883, 900 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (appellant’s burden more difficult when there is no
lone offender whose DNA must have been left at scene); Prible v. State, 245 S.W.3d 466, 469
(Tex. Crim. App. 2008) (testing not authorized if it would not result in exculpatory evidence that
would have altered outcome of trial). Additionally, there are no statements of fact in appellant’s
affidavit to support a finding in his favor on this issue. See Gutierrez, 337 S.W.3d at 901(concluding that even if DNA was present in fingernail scrapings, it “might just as likely have
come from appellant’s accomplice . . . and that would not exculpate appellant”).
We conclude that appellant did not meet the Chapter 64 requirements for DNA testing of
the firearms and spent bullets. To the extent the trial court’s order implicitly denied DNA testing
2
In his motion, appellant did not cite evidence from the trial. On appeal, he cites the evidence as described by the court of criminal appeals
in its opinion. See Webb v. State, 766 S.W.2d 236, 238 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). The court said the evidence at trial showed that there was an
eyewitness to the crime who identified appellant, his brother, and two other individuals as the persons who robbed and murdered the gas station
manager. Id.–5–
of the firearms and spent bullets, we cannot conclude that the court erred. We resolve
appellant’s sole issue against him.
/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/
ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS
JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
140743F.U05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JOHN WILL WEBB, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
No. 1, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-14-00743-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F85-88094-H.
Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers,
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Bridges and Myers participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the September 17, 2013 order of the trial court
is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 30th day of January, 2015.
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JOHN WILL WEBB, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
No. 1, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-14-00744-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F85-98761-H.
Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers,
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Bridges and Myers participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the September 17, 2013 order of the trial court
is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 30th day of January, 2015.
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