Douglas Rubins v. the People of the State of Texas ( 2015 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
No. 07-14-00291-CV
DOUGLAS RUBINS, APPELLANT
V.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 181st District Court
Potter County, Texas
Trial Court No. 100,630-B, Honorable John B. Board, Presiding
June 4, 2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.
This is an appeal from a dismissal of Douglas Rubins’ civil rights claims against
the “People of the State of Texas.” In May of 2012, Rubins had originally sued Texas
and various other entities or individuals. Some were dismissed based on a plea to
jurisdiction. That issue was appealed, which appeal was subsequently dismissed.
Thereafter, Rubins requested the trial court for permission to continue prosecuting the
cause and was granted same. Eventually, Rubins moved the trial court to drop all
defendants except the State of Texas.1 Thereafter, the Attorney General’s office filed
an “Amicus Curiae Motion to Dismiss” in which it asserted that the State of Texas had
never been properly served and that, even if it had, the State has sovereign or
governmental immunity. The trial court granted the motion, and we affirm.
Regarding the issue of service of process, a party makes a general appearance
when it invokes the judgment of the trial court on any question other than jurisdiction or
seeks affirmative action. Exito Elecs. v. Trejo, 142 S.W.3d 302, 304 (Tex. 2004). In
moving the trial court to dismiss, it can be said that the State sought affirmative relief
from the trial court. Arguably, it made a general appearance vitiating complaints about
service of process. Yet, that is not a matter we need resolve since it is clear that
subject matter jurisdiction did not exist.
A state cannot be sued in her own courts without her consent. Tooke v. City of
Mexia, 197 S.W.3d 325, 331 (Tex. 2006). Sovereign immunity protects the state and its
various divisions from suit and liability. Wichita Falls State Hosp. v. Taylor, 106 S.W.3d
692, 694 n.3 (Tex. 2003). It is generally presumed that immunity applies. Nueces
County v. San Patricio County, 246 S.W.3d 651, 652 (Tex. 2008). However, immunity
can be waived by statute. State v. Lueck, 290 S.W.3d 876, 880 (Tex. 2009); see TEX.
CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 101.025 (West 2011). The State has waived its
1
Rubins originally sued a deceased magistrate, Bennett Morrow (by service on the Attorney
General), the Potter County Attorney, the Potter County Sheriff, County Judge W. F. Roberts, and the
Texas Department of Public Safety. Pleas to the jurisdiction were filed by all but the State of Texas and
Bennett Morrow. The pleas were granted, and Rubins appealed. That appeal was dismissed on
December 14, 2012 for failure to pay the filing fee. On June 10, 2014, Rubins filed with the trial court a
“Verified Motion to Retain” asking that his lawsuit be retained as to the State of Texas. The court granted
the motion. He also filed a document entitled “Request for Leave to Amend the Heading and the
Complaint.” Through the latter, he evinced his intent to “delete other persons from the Complaint, so
those claims will only be against THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, as relief.” To the extent that
any other party may have remained in the cause at that time, we interpret the latter request as his non-
suit of them.
2
immunity for property damage and personal injury proximately caused by the wrongful
act or omission or negligence of an employee acting within the scope of his employment
if the damage or injury arises from the operation or use of a motor-driven vehicle or
motor-driven equipment and the employee would be personally liable to the claimant
according to Texas law. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 101.021(1) (West 2011).
However, Rubins’ claims arise from his purportedly wrongful arrest and prosecution and
do not arise from the operation of a vehicle or equipment. Moreover, immunity is not
waived for intentional torts, id. § 101.057(2), and claims of malicious prosecution and
abuses of process constitute intentional torts for which immunity is not waived. Harris v.
Francis, No. 05-99-00866-CV, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 1067, at *11-12 (Tex. App.—
Dallas February 16, 2000, no pet.) (not designated for publication). Therefore, the court
did not have subject matter jurisdiction under § 101.021.
Rubins contends that jurisdiction exists under Chapters 102, 103, 104, 105, 106
and 107 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Nevertheless, he does not further
explain their applicability. Chapter 102 relates to payment by a local government of
actual tort damages awarded against an employee of a local government. Id.
§ 102.002(a) (West 2011). However, this chapter does not negate the requirements of
§ 101.021.
Chapter 103 relates to compensation to persons wrongfully imprisoned in various
specified situations when the person has received a pardon or been granted relief under
a writ of habeas corpus wherein the court or state finds or concedes that the person
was innocent. Id. § 103.001(a) (West Supp. 2014). Nothing in this record indicates
such a finding or concession.
3
Chapter 104 relates to indemnification by the State of state employees for
damages. Yet, it does not waive immunity available to the State or its officers,
employees, or contractors. Id. § 104.008 (West 2011); Perry v. Texas A & I Univ., 737
S.W.2d 106, 108 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1987, writ ref’d n.r.e.); accord Elmakiss v.
Rogers, No. 12-09-00392-CV, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 6749, at *10 (Tex. App.—Tyler
August 24, 2011, pet. denied) (stating the same).
Chapter 105 relates to cases in which a state agency has asserted a cause of
action against another party in a civil suit and the claim is frivolous. Id. § 105.002. The
pleadings evince no such cause of action being asserted by a state agency here.
Chapter 106 relates to suits founded upon discrimination involving race, religion,
color, sex, or national origin. Id. § 106.001. Allegations of such ilk do not appear at bar.
Chapter 107 concerns resolutions granting permission to sue the State. Id.
§ 107.001. No such resolution appears in this record.
As for his allegation regarding due process and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, that federal
civil rights statute does not effectively waive sovereign immunity. This is so because a
state is not a person. Terrell v. Sisk, 111 S.W.3d 274, 282 (Tex. App.—Texarkana
2003, no pet.). That statute permits actions to be brought only against “persons.”
42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 (2012) (stating that “[e]very person who, under color of any statute,
ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of
Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other
person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or
immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in
an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”).
4
The trial court did not err in dismissing the suit against the State of Texas.
Accordingly, the order is affirmed.
Per Curiam
5