in the Interest of S.P. and H.P., Children ( 2015 )

Opinion filed May 7, 2015
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-14-00308-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF S.P. AND H.P., CHILDREN
On Appeal from the 318th District Court
Midland County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. FM 56,186
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The trial court entered an order in which it terminated the parental rights of
the mother and father of S.P. and H.P. The mother appeals and, in a single issue on
appeal, challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the
finding that termination of her parental rights is in the best interest of the children.
We affirm.
I. Termination
Termination of parental rights must be supported by clear and convincing
evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (West 2014). To determine on appeal
if the evidence is legally sufficient in a parental termination case, we review all of
the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding and determine whether a
rational trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding
was true. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005). To determine if the
evidence is factually sufficient, we give due deference to the finding and determine
whether, on the entire record, a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or
conviction about the truth of the allegations against the parent. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d
17, 25–26 (Tex. 2002).
To terminate parental rights, it must be shown by clear and convincing
evidence that the parent has committed one of the acts listed in
Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) and that termination is in the best interest of the child.
FAM. § 161.001. In this case, the trial court found that the mother committed two of
the acts listed in Section 161.001(1). The trial court found that the mother had
knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or
surroundings that endangered their physical or emotional well-being and that the
mother had engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who
engaged in conduct that endangered the children’s physical or emotional well-being.
See id. § 161.001(1)(D), (E). The mother does not challenge the sufficiency of the
evidence to support either of these findings. The trial court also found that
termination was in the children’s best interest, a finding that is challenged by the
mother. See id. § 161.001(2).
II. Analysis: Best Interest
The question before us is whether the best interest finding is supported by
legally and factually sufficient evidence. With respect to the best interest of a child,
no unique set of factors need be proved. In re C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d 261, 266 (Tex.
App.—Eastland 2010, pet. denied). But courts may use the non-exhaustive Holley
factors to shape their analysis. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex.
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1976). These include, but are not limited to, (1) the desires of the child, (2) the
emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future, (3) the emotional
and physical danger to the child now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of
the individuals seeking custody, (5) the programs available to assist these individuals
to promote the best interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by these
individuals or by the agency seeking custody, (7) the stability of the home or
proposed placement, (8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate that
the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one, and (9) any excuse for the
acts or omissions of the parent. Id. Additionally, evidence that proves one or more
statutory grounds for termination may also constitute evidence illustrating that
termination is in the child’s best interest. C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 266.
The record shows that the removal in this case stemmed from an injury to H.P.
that occurred on June 24, 2013, when he was less than nine months old. A detective
with the Midland Police Department responded to a call of an unconscious child at
an apartment. The child was taken to the emergency room, and the detective talked
to the mother at the hospital. The mother was the only adult present when H.P. was
injured. H.P.’s sister, S.P., who was not yet two years old, may also have been
present. The mother said that H.P. was jumping on a futon, that she heard a noise,
and that she turned around and saw H.P. hit his head on the futon, which was metal.
When the detective informed the mother that her story was not consistent with the
severe injury sustained by H.P., the mother told the detective that she “shook the
child one time hard” that day. The mother later denied that she had shaken H.P. and
told her counselor that the doctors “made all this up.” At the time of the hearing on
termination, a felony criminal case was pending against the mother. Consequently,
when the mother was called to testify, she invoked her Fifth Amendment right and
did not answer any questions regarding H.P.’s injury.
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While in the mother’s care, H.P. suffered a subdural hematoma that required
surgery to evacuate blood and place a shunt for drainage. A significant amount of
force was required for the type of injury suffered by H.P. A medical doctor who
specialized in child-abuse pediatrics testified that the mother’s story was not
believable. According to the doctor, the type of injury suffered by H.P. could have
been caused by shaking him, and he would have become symptomatic immediately.
H.P.’s symptoms as the hospital included seizures, loss of consciousness, subdural
hemorrhage, and retinal hemorrhage. The doctor testified that retinal hemorrhage is
associated with a head injury caused by being crushed or shaken. The type of severe
injury suffered by H.P. can lead to future developmental delays, cerebral palsy, and
paralysis.
The Department of Family and Protective Services removed the children after
H.P. was injured. While in the Department’s care, it was discovered that S.P. had a
genetic disorder and was autistic. Both children were placed in a licensed
therapeutic foster home and were doing well there. At the time of trial, S.P. was
almost three years old and spoke no words. S.P. screamed and made squealing
noises, which seemed to bother H.P. While in foster care, S.P. and H.P. have
received therapy and have been treated by specialists—care that they were not
receiving while with their parents. For six months after his injury, H.P. did not have
much use of his left side. He was also developmentally delayed, but he no longer
suffered from seizures.
The Department’s goal for the children was termination of the parents’ rights
and adoption by a non-relative. The current foster parents had agreed to keep the
children and help transition them to an adoptive home. The licensed professional
counselor who counseled the mother had “a big concern” about returning the
children to the mother. The Department’s caseworker testified that the mother
lacked the necessary skills to parent the children, who are both special needs
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children. The mother refused to take her medications and lacked a support system.
Furthermore, H.P. was severely injured while in his mother’s care. The CASA
volunteer recommended that the parental rights of both parents be terminated. She
noted the parents’ unstable housing, the mother’s refusal to take her medication, the
special needs of the children, and the need for stability as reasons for her
recommendation. The children expressed no vocal desires.
Based upon the evidence in the record and the Holley factors, we cannot hold
that the trial court’s best interest finding is not supported by clear and convincing
evidence; the trial court could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction
that it would be in the best interest of both children for the mother’s parental rights
to be terminated. See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371–72. The evidence is legally and
factually sufficient to support the best interest finding. We overrule the mother’s
sole issue.
III. This Court’s Ruling
We affirm the trial court’s order of termination.
MIKE WILLSON
JUSTICE
May 7, 2015
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.
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