Patrick Van Adrichem, Lidwina Van Adrichem and Jakob Van Der Weg v. Agstar Financial Services, FLCA, as Loan Servicer and Attorney-In-Fact for McFinney Agri-Finance, LLC ( 2015 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
No. 07-13-00432-CV
PATRICK VAN ADRICHEM, LIDWINA VAN ADRICHEM
AND JAKOB VAN DER WEG, APPELLANTS
V.
AGSTAR FINANCIAL SERVICES, FLCA, AS LOAN SERVICER AND ATTORNEY-IN-
FACT FOR MCFINNEY AGRI-FINANCE, LLC, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 222nd District Court
Deaf Smith County, Texas
Trial Court No. CI-13A-040, Honorable Lee Waters, Presiding
November 13, 2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C .J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.
Appellants Patrick Van Adrichem, Lidwina Van Adrichem, and Jakob Van Der
Weg appeal a judgment on a promissory note, and an order of severance. We will
affirm the judgment and the severance order.
Background
Appellants are partners in a Texas general partnership, Friendship Dairies. The
partnership and appellants, jointly and severally, borrowed some $18 million from
McFinney Agri-Finance, LLC. In August 2012, Friendship Dairies filed a voluntary
Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition. McFinney’s attorney-in-fact, appellee AgStar Financial
Services, FLCA, brought suit in January 2013 against appellants individually to recover
for breach of the promissory note. It alleged the note had been accelerated and was
due in full. AgStar filed identical motions for summary judgment against each of the
appellants. The trial court granted the motions in part and denied them in part. It
granted summary judgment as to the amount of principal, interest, and late charges
owed under the note. It denied AgStar’s summary judgment as to attorney’s fees and
costs.
Over appellants’ objection, the trial court, sua sponte, entered an order severing
the claims for which it denied summary judgment and entered a final judgment as to the
amount of principal, interest, and late charges owed under the note. Appellants
thereafter filed a motion for new trial, also raising objection to the severance. That
motion was overruled by operation of law. This appeal followed.
Analysis
Appellants raise three issues on appeal, asserting the trial court: (1) abused its
discretion by overruling their objections to the summary judgment evidence; (2) erred in
granting AgStar’s motion for summary judgment; and (3) abused its discretion by
severing a single cause of action.
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Summary Judgment Evidence
In appellants’ first issue, they argue the trial court erred by overruling their
specific objections to the affidavit of Dan Godfrey concerning the unpaid principal
balance, accrued interest and late charges due under the note. In support of their
contention, appellants assert Godfrey’s affidavit is based on hearsay rather than
personal knowledge and is thus not competent summary judgment evidence.
We review rulings on the admission and exclusion of evidence for abuse of
discretion. McCraw Materials, L.L.C. v. DivLend Equip. Leasing, L.L.C., No. 07-12-
00215-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 779, at *11, (Tex. App.—Amarillo Jan. 28, 2013, no
pet.) (mem. op.), (citing In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 575 (Tex. 2005)). We must
uphold a trial court's evidentiary ruling if there is any legitimate basis for it. Owens-
Corning Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone, 972 S.W.2d 35, 43 (Tex. 1998) (citing State Bar of
Tex. v. Evans, 774 S.W.2d 656, 658 n.5 (Tex. 1989)). An affidavit presented in a
summary judgment proceeding must be made on personal knowledge, set forth such
facts as would be admissible in evidence, and show affirmatively that the affiant is
competent to testify to the matters stated therein. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(f).
Here, Godfrey’s affidavit stated he had “personal knowledge of the matters set
forth in this affidavit or [he had] obtained such knowledge from [AgStar’s] books and
records”; that he is employed by AgStar as “Lending Service Team Leader”; is “one of
the custodians of the books, records, and files of AgStar”; and that he had “personally
worked on said books, records, and files.” The affidavit contains the requisite
information and recitations under Rule 902(10) and 806(6). See TEX. R. EVID. 902(10);
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806(6). The trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling appellants’ objection to
the affidavit on the basis of hearsay.
A corporate employee is generally presumed to possess personal knowledge of
facts the employee would learn in the usual course of employment without having to
otherwise prove personal knowledge. Energico Prod. v. Frost Nat'l Bank, No. 02-11-
00148-CV, 2012 Tex. App. LEXIS 724, at *15 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth January 26, 2012,
pet. denied) (mem. op.) (citations omitted). The personal knowledge requirement is
satisfied when an affiant's summary judgment affidavit contains testimony that identifies
him as a record custodian and sufficiently describes the relationship between the affiant
and the case so that it reasonably may be assumed the affiant has personal knowledge
of the facts stated in the affidavit. See Kyle v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 232
S.W.3d 355, 359 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied) (affiant's testimony she was a
foreclosure specialist and custodian of records for mortgagee sufficient to identify
position and responsibilities, meeting personal knowledge requirement); Stucki v. Noble,
963 S.W.2d 776, 780 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, pet. denied) (personal knowledge
requirement satisfied where affidavit adequately described relationship between affiant
and the case, permitting reasonable assumption she had personal knowledge of facts
stated in her affidavit). The trial court reasonably could have concluded the facts and
events described within the affidavit established Godfrey’s personal knowledge.
Appellants also complain of the trial court’s overruling of their objections that
several of Godfrey’s statements pertaining to amounts owed for principal, interest, and
late charges are impermissibly conclusory.
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A conclusory statement is one that does not provide the underlying facts to
support the conclusion and, therefore, is not proper summary judgment proof. Rizkallah
v. Conner, 952 S.W.2d 580, 587 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no writ).
Conclusory statements are not susceptible to being readily controverted. See Eberstein
v. Hunter, 260 S.W.3d 626, 630 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (readily controvertible
statements by an affiant are not per se conclusory). However, an affidavit made on the
personal knowledge of a bank officer, in which the officer identifies the note and recites
the principal and interest due, is not conclusory and is sufficient to support summary
judgment. Rockwall Commons Assocs. v. MRC Mortg. Grantor Trust I, 331 S.W.3d 500,
512 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.) (citing American 10-Minute Oil Change, Inc. v.
Metropolitan Nat’l Bank - Farmer's Branch, 783 S.W.2d 598, 601 (Tex. App.—Dallas
1989, no writ)).
Here, the affidavit contained, in chart format, a statement of the unpaid principal
in the amount of $16,361,125.64, as well as accrued interest, late charges, attorney’s
fees and costs and the per diem rate of continuing interest. The statements and figures
in the affidavit are supported by the note itself, incorporated by reference into Godfrey’s
affidavit. Because Godfrey’s statements regarding amount owed for principal, interest
and late charges are supported by facts or documentation, his conclusion regarding
those balances is not impermissibly conclusory. See Myers v. Southwest Bank, No. 02-
14-00122-CV, 2014 Tex. App. LEXIS 13288, at* 6 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Dec. 11,
2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (fact that Southwest did not provide documentation of how it
calculated the outstanding balance did not in and of itself make its evidence conclusory
or insufficient as to the amount of the outstanding balance); Fairbank v. First Am. Bank,
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No. 05-06-00005-CV, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 6228, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas August 7,
2007, no pet.). Godfrey was not required to provide any underlying or additional proof
of his calculations. See Energico Prod., No. 02-11-00148-CV, 2012 Tex. App. LEXIS
724, at *13 (lender need not file detailed proof of the calculations reflecting the balance
due on note; affidavit by bank employee setting forth total balance due on note is
sufficient to sustain award of summary judgment) (citations omitted). The trial court did
not abuse its discretion by overruling appellants’ objections to Godfrey’s affidavit on the
basis that statements made therein were conclusory.
We resolve appellants’ first issue against them.
Grant of Appellee’s Motion for Summary Judgment
In appellants’ second issue, they assert the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment because the motions for summary judgment were based on Godfrey’s
affidavit, evidence they challenged as incompetent.
AgStar’s motion presented only traditional grounds for summary judgment. See
TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex.
1985). Appellate courts review the granting of a motion for summary judgment de novo.
Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). In doing so, the
court takes as true all evidence favorable to the non-movant, and every reasonable
inference is indulged in the non-movant's favor. Provident Life & Accid. Ins. Co. v. Knott,
128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). The movant in a traditional motion for summary
judgment, filed pursuant to Rule 166a(c), has the burden of showing that no genuine
issue of material fact exists, and that it is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of
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law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); see Am. Tobacco Co. v. Grinnell, 951 S.W.2d 420, 425
(Tex. 1997).
To prevail on its motion for summary judgment to enforce a promissory note, a
plaintiff must prove: (1) the existence of the note; (2) that the defendant signed the note;
(3) that the plaintiff was the legal owner or holder of the note; and (4) that a certain
balance was due and owing on the note. Truestar Petroleum Corp. v. Eagle Oil & Gas
Co., 323 S.W.3d 316, 319 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.); Hudspeth v. Investor
Collection Serv. Ltd. P'ship, 985 S.W.2d 477, 479 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no
pet.). Appellants challenge only the last element.
Through our discussion of appellants’ first issue, we have described our
conclusion Godfrey’s affidavit was not conclusory or otherwise incompetent summary
judgment evidence. It established that the principal, interest and late charges as to
which the court granted summary judgment were due and owing. Accordingly, we
conclude the trial court did not err by granting AgStar summary judgment for those
amounts. We overrule appellants’ second issue.
Severance of Cause of Action
As noted, the trial court denied AgStar’s motion for summary judgment insofar as
it sought judgment for AgStar’s attorney’s fees and costs. The court severed the claims
for which it denied summary judgment. By appellants’ third issue, they challenge the
trial court’s severance order.
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Rule 41 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure states that “any claim against a
party may be severed and proceeded with separately.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 41. The effect of
a severance is to divide a lawsuit into two or more independent suits that will be
adjudicated by distinct and separate judgments. Van Dyke v. Boswell, O'Toole, Davis &
Pickering, 697 S.W.2d 381, 383 (Tex. 1985). Under Rule 41, severance of claims is
proper if the (1) controversy involves more than one cause of action; (2) the severed
claim is one that would be the proper subject of a lawsuit if independently asserted; and
(3) the severed claim is not so interwoven with the remaining action that they involve the
same facts and issues. In re State, 355 S.W.3d 611, 613 (Tex. 2011) (citing Guaranty
Fed’l v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793 S.W.2d 652, 658 (Tex. 1990)).
A trial court has broad discretion in determining whether to sever a cause of
action, and its decision will be disturbed on appeal only when there is a prejudicial
abuse of discretion. In re Koehn, 86 S.W.3d 363, 366 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002,
orig. proceeding). The trial court is authorized to order severance on its own initiative
without motion by either party. In re T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d 257, 265 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.); Rice v. Travelers Express Co., 407 S.W.2d 534, 536 (Tex.
Civ. App.—Houston 1966, no writ). “However, courts have long recognized that it is an
abuse of discretion to grant a severance that splits a single cause of action.” Duncan v.
Calhoun Cty. Nav. Dist., 28 S.W.3d 707, 710 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2000, pet.
denied).
In the trial court and again on appeal, appellants argue this case is closely
analogous to that presented by Dalisa, Inc. v. Bradford, 81 S.W.3d 876 (Tex. App.—
Austin 2002, no pet.). We find the rationale underlying the court’s decision in Dalisa
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entirely absent from this case. The court there found a trial court erred by severing the
plaintiff’s claim for attorney’s fees under Civil Practice & Remedies Code section 37.009
from its claims for declaratory relief. Id. at 879-80. Quoting the language of section
37.009, the court held the statute’s provision for the award of costs and attorney’s fees
in a proceeding under chapter 37 refers to a “single ‘proceeding’” and agreed with the
defendant that the claim for attorney’s fees was merely a phase of the single cause of
action for declaratory relief. Id. at 880 (citing Huff v. Fidelity Life Ins. Co., 158 Tex. 433,
312 S.W.2d 493, 501 (Tex. 1958).1
Even the dissenting opinion in Dalisa acknowledged that “neither section 37.009
nor section 38.001 of the civil practice and remedies code recognizes a stand-alone
action for attorney’s fees.” Dalisa, 81 S.W.3d at 886 (Yeakel, J., dissenting). But we do
not deal here with a statutory entitlement to attorney’s fees. AgStar’s entitlement to its
costs of collection is governed by contract. See Intercontinental Group P’ship v. KB
Home Lone Star L.P., 295 S.W.3d 650, 653 (Tex. 2009) (“[p]arties are free to contract
for a fee-recovery standard either looser or stricter than Chapter 38’s”).
The note’s costs of collection paragraph reads as follows:
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if this Note is
not paid when due, whether at maturity or by acceleration, and/or any
other Event of Default shall occur, then the undersigned promise to pay all
costs of collection, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees
1
Huff likewise addressed a statutory attorney’s fees provision. 312 S.W.2d at 500-01. Rejecting
the insurance company’s argument that limitations barred Huff’s claim for attorney’s fees, the court found
that limitations would not bar the recovery of fees when it did not bar the underlying claim. Id. at 501. In
so doing, the court noted, “That a suit for the statutory attorney’s fees as a separate action could not be
maintained is evident from the wording of the statute.” Id. See also Green Int’l, Inc. v. Solis, 951 S.W.2d
384, 390 (Tex. 1997) (entitlement to fees under Civil Practice & Remedies Code section 38.001(8)
requires that party prevail on a cause of action for which attorney’s fees are recoverable and recover
damages).
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and all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with collection of this
Note, or any part thereof; the protection or realization of the collateral; and
the enforcement of any guarantee incurred by the Lender on account of
such collection; whether or not suit is filed hereon.
AgStar argues that the costs of collection paragraph establishes a stand-alone
entitlement to recovery of its costs, including attorney’s fees, and we agree. Under the
note’s terms, AgStar’s entitlement to recovery of its collection costs does not depend on
a particular lawsuit’s outcome, or depend even on the filing of suit. And AgStar’s
entitlement to its costs arises on the occurrence of any event of default. 2 This
distinction fully separates this case from both Dalisa and Huff.
AgStar’s original petition, its live pleading, asserted a claim for relief for breach of
the note. It alleged Friendship Dairies had filed a voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy
petition, and explained that because of the automatic stay under the bankruptcy laws,
Friendship was not a defendant. It alleged also that appellants had failed to make the
five monthly payments due prior to the filing of the suit, and that the note had been
accelerated. The petition further quoted the note’s collection costs paragraph and
asserted AgStar was entitled to recover its reasonable fees and costs.
AgStar’s motion for summary judgment sought a judgment that included its
attorney’s fees and costs incurred through January 22, 2013, in the amount of
$116,935.09. Appellants’ response to the summary judgment motion asserted it was
unlikely that AgStar had reasonably incurred attorney’s fees in that amount by January
2
The note lists fourteen categories of events of default. In addition to default by the borrower’s
failure to pay indebtedness under the note when due, default is defined to include such events as loss or
substantial damage to any material part of the collateral, failure of performance of any covenant or
obligation under the note or any related document, filing of bankruptcy or a similar proceeding, and
material adverse change in the borrower’s business operations or condition, financial or otherwise.
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22 in a suit that was not filed until January 30, and asserted fees incurred in the
Friendship Dairies bankruptcy must be segregated.
A “cause of action” has been defined as consisting of a plaintiff’s primary right to
relief and the defendant’s act or omission that violates that right. Jones v. Ray, 886
S.W.2d 817, 821 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, orig. proceeding) (applying
definition in severance case). The trial court severed AgStar’s claim for its attorney’s
fees and costs after the court granted summary judgment on its claims for the unpaid
principal, interest and late fees. One court of appeals has noted the practice of ordering
severance after the grant of a partial summary judgment and cautioned that severance
under such circumstances “is not proper when it amounts to the splitting of a single
cause of action.” Duncan, 28 S.W.3d at 710. It further pointed out that severance of a
single cause of action “will ultimately result in two judgments that cannot stand
independently of each other.” Id. (citing Kansas Univ. Endowment Assn. v. King, 350
S.W.2d 11, 19 (Tex. 1961) (“Each of the causes into which the action is severed must
be such that the same might properly be tried and determined if it were the only claim in
controversy”)). We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s action.
The note also contains a prepayment fee. AgStar did not seek summary
judgment for that fee. The trial court included with the severed action for collection
costs the issue of AgStar’s entitlement to, and the amount of, the prepayment penalty.
Appellants also argue the calculation of the prepayment penalty is so interwoven with
the claims on which summary judgment was granted that they involve the same facts
and issues. We disagree.
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Finding no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s action, we overrule appellants’
third issue.
Conclusion
The court’s judgment and severance order are affirmed.
James T. Campbell
Justice
Quinn, C.J., joins majority in issues one and two and concurs in result regarding issue
three.
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