Angel Nuyen v. Texas Department of Family and Protective Services ( 2012 )


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  •       TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
    NO. 03-12-00147-CV
    Angel Nuyen, Appellant
    v.
    Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, Appellee
    FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BELL COUNTY, 146TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
    NO. 248,916-B, HONORABLE RICK MORRIS, JUDGE PRESIDING
    MEMORANDUM OPINION
    Angel Nuyen appeals from a final order terminating her parental rights to her infant
    child, E.N. On appeal, Nuyen asserts that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support
    termination. We will affirm the termination order.
    BACKGROUND
    Nuyen gave birth to E.N. on March 10, 2011. Four days later, the Texas Department
    of Family and Protective Services (the Department) filed a petition seeking to terminate her parental
    rights, along with those of two alternative alleged fathers, Justin Ellebracht and Eric M’Sadoques.1
    At the time of E.N.’s birth, three other children of Nuyen had already been removed by the
    1
    After paternity testing determined Ellebracht to be the child’s biological father, the
    Department dismissed its claim against M’Sadoques. Ellebracht ultimately executed an affidavit of
    voluntary relinquishment of parental rights, and his rights are not at issue on appeal.
    Department upon findings of “reason to believe” that she had sexually abused one of the children
    and neglectfully supervised all three.
    In its original petition, the Department asserted that Nuyen committed a number of
    acts or omissions warranting termination of the parent-child relationship. At trial, the Department
    proceeded on two theories, arguing that Nuyen had (1) “constructively abandoned the child who has
    been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of [the Department] for not less than
    six months, and, (i) [the Department] has made reasonable efforts to return the child to the parent;
    (ii) the parent has not regularly visited or maintained significant contact with the child; and (iii) the
    parent has demonstrated an inability to provide the child with a safe environment,” see Tex. Fam.
    Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(N) (West Supp. 2011); and (2) “failed to comply with the provisions of a
    court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of
    the child who has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of [the Department]
    for not less than nine months as a result of the child’s removal from the parent under chapter 262 for
    the abuse or neglect of the child,” see 
    id. § 161.001(1)(O)
    (West Supp. 2011).
    A bench trial was held before associate judge Charles Van Orden. See 
    id. § 201.005
    (West 2008) (governing referral of cases to associate judges). We will detail the evidence presented
    at trial as it becomes relevant to our analysis of Nuyen’s appellate issues. At the conclusion of
    evidence, the trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that the Department had established
    both grounds and that termination would be in E.N.’s best interest. The trial court issued a proposed
    order terminating Nuyen’s parental rights. The district court adopted the trial court’s proposal, and
    signed a final order terminating Nuyen’s parental rights and naming the Department as E.N.’s sole
    managing conservator. This appeal followed.
    2
    ANALYSIS
    In her sole issue, Nuyen asserts that the evidence was legally and factually insufficient
    to support the trial court’s findings underlying its termination order.2
    Standard and scope of review
    A court may terminate parental rights based on findings by clear and convincing
    evidence that (1) any of several alternate statutory bases for termination exist; and (2) that
    termination is in the best interest of the child. See 
    id. § 161.001;
    Holley v. Adams, 
    544 S.W.2d 367
    ,
    370-72 (Tex. 1976). Clear and convincing evidence is that “measure or degree of proof that will
    produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations
    sought to be established.” Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007 (West 2008).
    In a legal sufficiency review of a finding terminating parental rights, an appellate
    court reviews all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether
    a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.
    In re J.F.C., 
    96 S.W.3d 256
    , 266 (Tex. 2002). To give appropriate deference to the factfinder’s
    conclusions and the role of a court conducting a legal sufficiency review, a reviewing court must
    assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder
    could do so. 
    Id. An appellate
    court disregards all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have
    disbelieved or found to have been incredible. 
    Id. 2 In
    her brief, Nuyen also complains of two asserted “procedural errors which did not
    affect the termination of Appellant’s parental rights,” but these are merely “noted, and not argued.”
    As Nuyen has not presented argument in support of these complaints, we will not address them. See
    Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i).
    3
    In a factual sufficiency review of a finding terminating parental rights, the inquiry is
    whether the evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about
    the truth of the State’s allegations. 
    Id. A reviewing
    court must give due consideration to evidence
    that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing. 
    Id. A reviewing
    court
    should consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not
    have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. 
    Id. If, in
    light of the entire record, the
    disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so
    significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the
    evidence is factually insufficient. 
    Id. Termination grounds
    As previously noted, the trial court found that two statutory grounds for termination
    were established by clear and convincing evidence. First, it found that Nuyen constructively
    abandoned E.N. under section 161.001(1)(N). Second, the court found that Nuyen had failed to
    comply with the provisions of her court-ordered service plan under section 161.001(1)(O). When
    termination is based on multiple grounds under section 161.001(1), as it was here, we must affirm
    the termination order if the evidence is sufficient to support any one of the grounds found by
    the district court. See In re A.V., 
    113 S.W.3d 355
    , 362 (Tex. 2003). Because the court’s findings
    regarding constructive abandonment are dispositive, we confine our analysis to the evidence material
    to that statutory ground. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
    In order to prove constructive abandonment, the Department must establish by clear
    and convincing evidence that (1) it had a permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the
    4
    child for at least six months; (2) it made reasonable efforts to return the child to Nuyen; (3) Nuyen
    did not regularly visit or maintain significant contact with the child; and (4) Nuyen demonstrated
    an inability to provide the child with a safe environment. Tex. Fam. Code. Ann. § 161.001(1)(N);
    In re M.R.J.M., 
    280 S.W.3d 494
    , 505 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, no pet.). Nuyen does not
    dispute the first element. She contends, however, that the evidence is legally and factually
    insufficient to support the three remaining elements. We disagree.
    “Reasonable efforts”
    Nuyen argues that the Department presented legally and factually insufficient
    evidence to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the Department made reasonable efforts
    to return E.N. “other than preparation of a service plan; several unanswered phone calls; one day trip
    to Rusk, and one or two courtesy visits.” However, “[t]he State’s preparation and administration of
    a service plan for the parent constitutes evidence that the State made reasonable efforts to return the
    child to the parent.” In re 
    M.R.J.M., 280 S.W.3d at 505
    .
    Nuyen’s service plan, which was in evidence, required her to “provide and maintain
    a safe, clean and appropriate home . . . free of any health hazards throughout the case,” “to allow
    announced or unannounced home visits by the Department,” to pay child support if ordered by the
    court, and “[i]f not court-ordered . . . to assist in supporting his [sic] children” in ways “not limited
    to monetary assistance.” Nuyen was also required to “participate in supervised visits with [E.N.],”
    and to “call the worker, as applicable, 24 hours in advance if she cannot come to a visit.” Her plan
    warned that “[v]isitation will be reassessed if there are multiple absences.” Nuyen was also required
    to “contact the caseworker by phone, letter or email every two weeks about her status.”
    5
    The Department’s sole witness, Cathy Rothas, a conservatorship worker, testified that
    Nuyen had failed to complete the service plan. Rothas believed, and Nuyen’s testimony confirmed,
    that Nuyen was aware of the Department’s intention to “seek termination and allow the child
    to be adopted” if she did not comply with her service plan. According to Rothas, Nuyen never
    called her during the eight months that Rothas served as her caseworker, and only once initiated
    communication to set up a visit. Rothas claimed that her sole contact with Nuyen came during her
    visits with E.N., and “other than that, with the exception of one day when she returned several texts.
    No contact.”
    Rothas asserted that Nuyen had not satisfied the visitation requirements of her service
    plan. Over a period of eleven months, Rothas claimed that Nuyen visited E.N. five times for a total
    of approximately eight hours. Two of the visits occurred during Nuyen’s scheduled court hearings
    on April 28, 2011 and July 21, 2011. Nuyen visited E.N. twice at the CPS office on May 27, 2011
    and June 3, 2011, and “was a no show” for another scheduled visit in August. Nuyen told Rothas
    that she missed the appointment because “her brother had a flat tire and was waiting for money.”
    Her last visit was on September 21, 2011. Rothas stated that Nuyen offered no explanation as to why
    she did not visit more. Rothas testified to the importance for infants to have “consistent contact”
    with their caregivers for “bonding purposes primarily so that the child bonds to their caregiver and
    the caregiver bonds to the child.”
    According to Rothas, in October 2011, she texted Nuyen to let her know the court was
    holding a hearing regarding visitation rights. She received no response. When Nuyen did not attend,
    the court postponed the hearing for one week. At the termination hearing, Nuyen claimed that she
    missed the first visitation hearing “because the radiator on the Oldsmobile was cracked,” and she
    6
    had no way of fixing it. Nuyen acknowledged sending and receiving texts to Rothas about missing
    the hearing in the morning. The Department’s attorney noted an additional text Rothas sent Nuyen
    in the afternoon stating, “The judge scheduled a hearing next week at 1:30 to review visitation.”
    Nuyen claimed that she never received that text. Rothas claimed that she informed Nuyen of the
    rescheduled date, but Nuyen again failed to appear, prompting the court to abate her visitation rights.
    According to Rothas, she left a message for Nuyen, informing her that the court had
    abated her visitation rights “until she could come to court and tell [the Judge] why she didn’t come
    to court.” When Nuyen did not respond, Rothas claimed, she texted her and then sent her a letter.
    Again, she claimed that she “did not hear anything.” Nuyen claimed that she was unaware of the
    second hearing, that she did not have a phone, and that she could not get in contact with Rothas.
    Nuyen asserted that after she learned about her abated visitation rights through her therapist, she tried
    to set up a conference call with Rothas through the therapist. She claimed that she had no idea the
    purpose of the hearing was to review her visitation rights. She also claimed that she tried to pass a
    message to Rothas through a courtesy worker who visited her house, but never heard back from the
    worker. At the time of trial, Nuyen had not seen E.N. in four and a half months.
    Nuyen admitted that she could have called Rothas more often, but explained that she
    “didn’t have access to a phone all the time.” Nuyen testified that her phone was shut off multiple
    times for non-payment, and then stolen by George Holcomb, her former roommate. M’Sadoques
    claims that he saw Nuyen initiate phone calls to the Department “once or twice a week at least if
    not more,” but he did not stay to listen because it was a “personal matter.” Nuyen explained why
    she was not more persistent in attempting to contact the Department:
    7
    A:      They should be getting my message and should get back to me. Before in a
    previous case I had called [the caseworker] on many occasions and I got told
    that she didn’t . . . need to know my exact moves, which was her exact words
    to me.
    Q:      But this wasn’t the worker in your previous case.
    A:      She was the one at the beginning of the case when I was with—
    Q:      All right. Well, have you tried to make contact with Mr. Lockett, the
    children’s guardian ad litem at the present?
    A:      No . . . . [W]ith everything that had happened I didn’t have Mr. Lockett’s
    number, and my mother was actually trying to get Mr. Lockett’s number and
    couldn’t get ahold of [Rothas] or anybody else in that matter.
    Rothas also did not believe that Nuyen had the ability to provide E.N. with a safe
    environment. At the time of E.N.’s birth, Nuyen lived in Rusk with M’Sadoques and Holcomb, who
    Rothas claimed killed his own father-in-law in retaliation after the father-in-law killed Holcomb’s
    wife. In October 2011, police were called to Nuyen’s house because of a fight between Nuyen and
    Holcomb. After the fight, Nuyen testified that she obtained a protective order against Holcomb, and
    she has not voluntarily allowed him back in the house since. However, she claimed that she went
    to stay with a friend in Dallas because she was afraid Holcomb might return. She claimed that he
    did in fact return, breaking into her house and vandalizing her property. Nuyen believed that she did
    everything she could to get Holcomb out of her life, but admitted that she was not sure of his current
    whereabouts, that she had not seen or heard from him since the last incident at her house, that he
    remained a danger to her, and that he could be a danger to E.N.
    Similarly, M’Sadoques was arrested for disorderly conduct following a fight with
    Nuyen. Nuyen and M’Sadoques both attempted to downplay this arrest, explaining it began as
    8
    an argument about chores in a grocery store parking lot. M’Sadoques admitted to grabbing Nuyen,
    but claimed that it was not in a “violent way.” When a bystander reported the fight, police arrested
    M’Sadoques because, according to Nuyen, they had a “no tolerance policy.” Nuyen pawned her
    laptop to bail him out of jail. She claimed that this was the only instance of violence between them.
    Rothas testified that, aside from visitation and maintaining a safe and appropriate
    home, Nuyen complied with her service plan. Nuyen and M’Sadoques testified that they believed
    Nuyen had “done everything that was asked of her.” Rothas detailed her numerous attempts to
    contact Nuyen and Nuyen’s failure to respond, as well as Nuyen’s loss of her visitation rights.
    Regarding her home, which we discuss in greater detail below, Nuyen acknowledged that her
    house had been vandalized by Holcomb, that she was unaware of his current whereabouts, and that
    he could be a danger to E.N. if she were returned. We conclude there was legally and factually
    sufficient evidence that the Department made reasonable efforts to return E.N. to Nuyen.
    “Regular visitation”
    Nuyen next argues that she regularly visited E.N. until her visitations rights
    were abated by the court on October 20, 2011. The trial court heard evidence that in the first
    eleven months of her life, Nuyen visited E.N. five times for a total of approximately eight hours.
    Two of those visits coincided with court hearings. Nuyen explained that, prior to October 20, 2011,
    she would have visited more, but she had financial difficulties and problems with transportation.
    While she missed a visit and a hearing because of car problems, M’Sadoques testified that he
    and Nuyen were able to borrow cars on at least two separate occasions to travel to Dallas to attend
    a wedding and visit a doctor. Further, Nuyen claims that she did not call her caseworker more
    9
    frequently, or at all, because she “didn’t have access to a phone all the time.” M’Sadoques testified,
    however, that he spoke via phone with Nuyen “every few days” from early September through early
    November while he was away for his job.
    Nuyen maintains that the four and a half months during which she failed to maintain
    any contact with E.N. cannot be counted against her because the court had abated her visitation
    rights. In support, Nuyen relies on In re D.T., in which the appellate court found no evidence
    of constructive abandonment though the parent had not been able to visit her child during her
    period of incarceration per department policy. 
    34 S.W.3d 625
    , 633 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000,
    pet. denied). Evidence demonstrated that the parent wrote or called her caseworker at least
    seven times over a period of as many months while she was incarcerated to inquire how the
    child was doing, ask for pictures of him, and request visits with him. 
    Id. at 629.
    Under these
    circumstances, the court concluded the parent at least attempted to visit regularly or maintain
    significant contact with the child. 
    Id. at 633.
    We consider the present case closer to the Houston Court of Appeals’s holding in
    Quiroz v. Department of Family and Protective Services, No. 01-08-00548-CV, 
    2009 WL 961935
    ,
    at *6-7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 9, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.). In that case, the parent
    made a similar argument that, for purposes of constructive abandonment, the court should not
    consider time when a court order was in place preventing visitation. 
    Id. The district
    court ordered
    no contact between the parent and child “until such time as [the parent’s] other two children were
    brought into [the Department’s] custody,” because the Department had been unable to locate the
    children. 
    Id. at *6.
    This condition did not mean the parent could not see her child “based on factors
    10
    beyond her control.” 
    Id. Instead, “by
    the very nature of the order,” the parent “only had to come to
    court in order to have the order lifted.” 
    Id. Similarly, Nuyen
    lost her visitation rights because of her failure to appear at two court
    hearings concerning her visitation rights. Rothas claimed that she informed Nuyen that her visitation
    rights were abated “until she could come to court” and explain why she missed her hearings. After
    learning that her visitation rights had been abated, Nuyen claimed that she tried to set up a
    conference call with Rothas through her therapist and pass a message to Rothas through a courtesy
    worker, but Rothas testified that she heard no response from Nuyen. We conclude the evidence was
    legally and factually sufficient for the factfinder to determine that Nuyen failed to regularly visit or
    maintain significant contact with E.N.
    Inability to provide safe environment
    Finally, Nuyen contends that there is no competent evidence that Nuyen was unable to
    provide E.N. with a safe environment. In addition to the previously discussed testimony concerning
    Nuyen’s violent encounters with M’Sadoques and Holcomb, the court heard testimony regarding
    Nuyen’s current living conditions. Rothas visited Nuyen’s home on November 17, 2011 with E.N.’s
    guardian ad litem, Michael Lockett, because they “hadn’t heard from [Nuyen] in a very long time.”
    When they arrived, Rothas claimed that Nuyen’s home was in “an extreme case of disrepair;
    two dogs chained up out front with a little bit of water; some animals caged in the side yard;
    trash around the home.” According to Rothas, she sent a text to Nuyen that they were coming to the
    house. Nuyen quickly replied that “she was not home. She was in Dallas for a wedding; and that
    she just got her phone back. And said that . . . she would meet with [them] the next day . . . one town
    11
    over from Rusk.” Rothas stated that this was “the first time that [Nuyen had] replied to a text from
    [Rothas] in months.” Rothas also noted that the date was a Thursday, an unusual wedding day.
    When questioned why she was able to attend a wedding in Dallas, but not visit E.N.,
    Nuyen explained that she had “other transportation” to the wedding, M’Sadoques was out of town,
    and people did not want her to stay at the house alone for fear that Holcomb might break in again.
    She claimed that the mess in the yard was the result of Holcomb’s vandalism, which appears to have
    occurred in mid-to-late October 2011. The mess was still there on November 17, 2011 when Rothas
    and Lockett visited, but Nuyen claimed that it had since been cleaned up. Additionally, M’Sadoques
    asserted, contrary to Nuyen’s testimony, that he and Nuyen were at a doctor’s appointment in Dallas
    when Rothas and Lockett visited. He further claimed that they borrowed a car for the trip because
    their car was not working. He also claimed that he drove Nuyen to the wedding in Dallas, also in
    a borrowed car, but was unable to identify the date of the wedding trip.
    Rothas asserted that she saw Nuyen’s car in the driveway and believed Nuyen
    was home. According to Rothas, she and Lockett knocked on the door and waited for “15 or
    20 minutes,” but no one answered. She claimed that they returned an hour later, but again, no one
    answered the door. Rothas took pictures of Nuyen’s home, which were admitted into evidence.
    Rothas admitted that she had never been inside Nuyen’s house. Rothas also claimed that Nuyen
    would not let a courtesy worker inside the house when she visited. Nuyen denied this point,
    testifying that she allowed a courtesy worker in her house, and that a second worker visited but did
    not ask to come inside. Rothas also indicated that caseworkers visited the house in October 2011
    as part of another CPS referral and reported the house was “unsuitable.” Rothas claimed that Nuyen
    never contacted Rothas to schedule another visit to her house.
    12
    While Nuyen disputed some points of Rothas’s account, the factfinder was entitled
    to disbelieve Nuyen’s explanations, particularly in light of the apparent inconsistencies between
    Nuyen’s and M’Sadoques’s telling of certain events. After reviewing the record, we are satisfied that
    there was sufficient evidence to conclude Nuyen failed to provide a safe environment for E.N.
    This and other evidence would allow a reasonable factfinder to form a firm belief or
    conviction that Nuyen constructively abandoned her child. We conclude that the above evidence is
    legally and factually sufficient to support an affirmative finding under section 161.001(1)(N).
    Best interest
    We must also determine whether the evidence is sufficient to support a finding that
    termination of Nuyen’s parental rights was in the best interest of the child. See 
    Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371
    . The best interest of the child is assessed using a non-exhaustive list of factors. 
    Id. at 372.
    These factors include the child’s wishes, the child’s emotional and physical needs now and in
    the future, emotional or physical danger to the child now and in the future, the parenting abilities of
    the party seeking custody, programs available to help that party, plans for the child by the party
    seeking custody, the stability of the proposed placement, the parent’s conduct indicating that the
    parent-child relationship is improper, and any excuses for the parent’s conduct. 
    Id. The Department
    need not prove all of the Holley factors as a “condition precedent” to termination, and the absence
    of some factors does not bar the factfinder from finding by clear and convincing evidence
    that termination is in a child’s best interest. In re C.H., 
    89 S.W.3d 17
    , 27 (Tex. 2002). No one
    factor is controlling, and the facts of a case may mean that evidence of one factor is sufficient to
    support a finding that termination is in the child’s best interest. In re J.O.C., 
    47 S.W.3d 108
    , 115
    13
    (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, no pet.). Permanence is of paramount importance in considering a child’s
    present and future emotional and physical needs. Dupree v. Texas Dep’t of Protective & Regulatory
    Servs., 
    907 S.W.2d 81
    , 87 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1995, no writ). A parent’s statutorily offensive
    conduct is often intertwined with the best-interest determination. Horvatich v. Texas Dep’t of
    Protective & Regulatory Servs., 
    78 S.W.3d 594
    , 601 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002, no pet.).
    In addition to the above evidence regarding Nuyen’s conduct, the court heard the
    following evidence regarding the best-interest determination. According to Rothas, on August 27,
    2009, one of Nuyen’s three older children, L.N., made a report of sexual abuse by her caregiver
    John Mills. After investigation, Rothas claimed that the Department placed L.N., and Nuyen’s
    two other children, with a grandparent. Shortly thereafter, Rothas asserted that the grandparent
    decided she could not handle the children, and the Department placed the children in foster care.
    Rothas claimed that Nuyen was in California at the time and unable to provide the children with
    a safe home. While in foster care, L.N. made an outcry of sexual abuse against Nuyen. Rothas
    testified that the Department made a finding of “reason to believe” that Nuyen had, in fact, sexually
    abused L.N. In total, Rothas claimed that Nuyen has been involved in six different CPS cases with
    “several reason to believe” findings implicating Nuyen in abuse or neglect of her children.
    Accordingly, Rothas testified, E.N. was removed at birth and placed with a
    foster family, the Hollingsworths. Rothas claimed that E.N. has spent all but “[o]ne or two days”
    of her life with them. The Department plans for the Hollingsworths to adopt E.N. Rothas believed
    the Department’s plan to keep E.N. with the Hollingsworths “would provide [E.N.] with the stability
    she needs now and in the future.” Rothas claimed that she had visited the Hollingsworths’ home
    frequently, that they have no other children, and that E.N. appeared comfortable with her
    14
    foster family and they with her. Rothas stated that she had no doubt that E.N. was bonded to the
    Hollingsworths. Rothas agreed that it would be “an absolute trauma” to remove E.N. from their care.
    Nuyen admitted that her parental rights to her other children were terminated, but
    denied the sexual abuse allegations against her. She did not know if E.N. was being “well taken care
    of” by her new foster family because she claimed that she was unable to speak with the caregivers.
    She did not believe that termination of her parental rights was in E.N.’s best interests. Nuyen
    believed that it would be possible for her to be attached to E.N. and E.N. to her. She felt that she was
    “physically and mentally able to provide for the child’s needs.” She stated, “I’ve tried and I miss my
    daughter very deeply; and I’ve done everything I can. And sometimes it feels that I’m hitting a brick
    wall, and I have tried, and I just want to be heard sometimes.” M’Sadoques testified that he had
    never seen Nuyen be abusive with E.N. or any other children, that he did not doubt that Nuyen would
    like E.N. back, and that there would be no danger to E.N. if she were returned to Nuyen.
    We conclude that the above evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the
    finding that termination was in E.N.’s best interest. The court heard evidence that E.N. has bonded
    with her foster family, with whom she has lived for all but a few days of her life. Rothas testified
    to the foster family’s ability to provide E.N. with a stable environment. She also testified to the
    importance for infants to have “consistent contact” with their caregivers in order to bond. The court
    heard evidence that Nuyen made minimal efforts to accomplish such bonding. And, as we have
    already explained, the court heard considerable evidence regarding Nuyen’s inability to provide E.N.
    with a safe home. The evidence disputing the finding that termination was in E.N.’s best interest
    consisted primarily of Nuyen denying or offering excuses for the allegations against her, restating
    her belief that she had done all that was asked of her, and expressing her love for E.N. Giving due
    15
    consideration to the above evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and
    convincing, we cannot say that the disputed evidence renders the evidence supporting the best-
    interest finding legally or factually insufficient.
    The evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support termination of Nuyen’s
    parental rights. We overrule her sole issue.
    CONCLUSION
    We affirm the termination order.
    ____________________________________________
    Bob Pemberton, Justice
    Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Pemberton and Rose
    Affirmed
    Filed: July 25, 2012
    16