Antoine Ladale Taylor v. State ( 2014 )

Affirmed as Modified; Opinion Filed February 18, 2014.
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-12-01410-CR
ANTOINE LADALE TAYLOR, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 3
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F11-61645-J
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices O’Neill, Myers, and Brown
Opinion by Justice Myers
A jury convicted appellant Antoine Ladale Taylor of aggravated assault with a deadly
weapon, family violence. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2), (b)(1). After appellant
pleaded true to the two enhancement paragraphs in the indictment, the jury found the
enhancement paragraphs true and assessed a punishment of thirty-eight years’ imprisonment and
a $1,500 fine. In three issues, appellant argues the trial court erred by overruling his motion to
quash the jury panel, the evidence is insufficient to support the $239 in court costs ordered by the
trial court, and that the judgment should be modified to reflect that appellant pleaded true to the
two enhancement paragraphs and that both enhancement paragraphs were found to be true. As
modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
DISCUSSION
1. Motion to Quash the Jury Panel
In his first issue, appellant contends the trial court violated his right to the presumption of
innocence by overruling defense counsel’s motion to quash the jury panel. During its portion of
the voir dire, the trial court introduced to the jury panel the two prosecutors, appellant, the two
attorneys that represented appellant, the court’s two bailiffs, the court reporter, and an intern who
was observing the trial, then asked the panel members if they knew any of the people the court
had just introduced. The relevant portion of the record reads as follows:
[COURT:] Is there anyone else that knows anybody in––yes, ma’am?
VENIREPERSON: My name is Chukunyere. I know of Castillo, I worked with
her.
THE COURT: Okay.
VENIREPERSON: And I know Mr. Taylor.
THE COURT: If you work at the sheriff’s department, I’m sure that you do know
the deputies that are involved.
VENIREPERSON: Yeah, certainly you.
THE BAILIFF: Crump. 1
VENIREPERSON: Crump. I’ve not met him. This is my sixth year, but I’ve not
met him.
THE COURT: Tell me this. Do you believe the fact that you work for the
sheriff’s department and know these two deputies, that it would affect your ability
to be fair and impartial in this case?
VENIREPERSON: Oh, it wouldn’t.
THE COURT: All right.
VENIREPERSON: But like I said, I know Mr. Taylor. I’m in north tower and he
has been there. I just know him. I really don’t know his case or––
1
Kathleen Castillo and Kevin Crump served as bailiffs for the trial court.
–2–
THE COURT: You know Mr. Taylor?
VENIREPERSON: Yes, ma’am.
THE COURT: Okay. Now, that may be a little bit different. Tell me, with the
fact that you know or may have seen Mr. Taylor, would that affect your ability to
be fair and impartial in this case?
VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t. On the contrary, Mr. Taylor, I precisely
remember how I have come across––
THE COURT: Let me say––let me say this. Don’t tell me where you know him
from. Would the fact that you recognize him affect your ability to be fair and
impartial in this case?
VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t.
THE COURT: No?
VENIREPERSON: It wouldn’t.
THE COURT: Okay. All right. Thank you.
Not long after this exchange, the trial court told the panel, prior to reading the indictment:
In a few minutes, I’m going to read to you the charges against the
defendant. This document stating what he’s charged with or accused of is not
evidence against him. It only tells the defendant what he’s charged with and it
tells the State of Texas what they are required to prove. That’s very important.
Sometimes people believe, well, if he didn’t do anything, he wouldn’t be
here; and that’s untrue. He is an accused citizen at this point, so this is not
evidence against him. Mr. Taylor is here today charged with the offense of
aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
Following the reading of the indictment, the trial court excused a panel member who did not feel
he could be fair and impartial, after which it instructed the remaining panel members regarding
their ability to follow the law, consider the full range of punishment for the offense, and apply
the “beyond a reasonable doubt” burden of proof. The court then instructed the jury panel on the
presumption of innocence, stating, in part:
Now, there––one principle of law that I do want to go over with you is the
presumption of innocence. The defendant is presumed to be innocent until guilt is
established by legal evidence received before you, in the trial of this case, beyond
a reasonable doubt.
–3–
That means that as Mr. Taylor sits here right now, without you having
heard any evidence, he is presumed to be innocent. We start a trial from the
standpoint of the defendant is innocent until proven guilty. It is the burden of the
State to prove that he has, in fact, committed the offense.
That is the exact opposite of how some people think. Some people believe
that the defendant starts from the standpoint of he is guilty and it is up to him to
prove he is innocent, and that is not true. In this country, you are presumed
innocent until proven guilty, and that’s very important.
Before beginning his voir dire examination, defense counsel moved to quash the jury panel,
arguing that Chukunyere’s comment prejudiced the jury panel by informing them that appellant
was currently in jail. The trial court overruled the motion.
A trial court has broad discretion over the voir dire process. Hankins v. State, 132
S.W.3d 380, 384 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to quash
a jury panel under an abuse of discretion standard. Mendoza v. State, 552 S.W.2d 444, 447 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1977). After a defendant’s motion to quash a jury panel based on improper juror
comments has been denied, a defendant must prove the following to show harm: (1) other
members of the panel heard the remark, (2) the jurors who heard the remarks were influenced to
the prejudice of the defendant, and (3) the juror in question or some other juror who may have
had a similar opinion was forced upon the defendant. Callins v. State, 780 S.W.2d 176, 188
(Tex. Crim. App. 1986); see also Berkley v. State, 298 S.W.3d 712, 713 (Tex. App.––San
Antonio 2009, pet. ref’d); Franco v. State, No. 08–06–00280–CR, 2007 WL 2200468, at *2
(Tex. App.––El Paso Aug. 2, 2007, pet. ref’d) (not designated for publication); Gonzalez v. State,
Nos. 14–03–00145 & 146–CR, 2004 WL 78182, at *2 (Tex. App.––Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 20,
2004, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication). When a defendant fails to show
harm, the trial court’s ruling will not be disturbed on appeal. See, e.g., Berkley, 298 S.W.3d at
713 (noting that appellant failed to meet his burden of showing harm).
–4–
Applying the above factors to this case, we first note that the State acknowledges that
Chukunyere’s statement was made in front of the entire panel. We can infer from the record that
other members of the panel heard the comment. See, e.g., Pledger v. State, No. 04–08–00682–
CR, 2009 WL 3789607, at *2 (Tex. App.––San Antonio Nov. 11, 2009, no pet.) (mem op., not
designated for publication) (noting that appellate court could infer from record that other
members of the venire heard comment because it was made in open court and sufficiently
audible for court reporter to record it). But even if we assume that other panel members knew
that the “north tower” was part of the Dallas County jail complex, the most that can be said of
Chukunyere’s statement is it indicated appellant had been incarcerated. Chukunyere did not say
why appellant was incarcerated in the north tower, how long he was held there, and she affirmed
to the court that her recognition of appellant would not affect her ability to be fair and impartial.
Furthermore, appellant has not shown that other potential jurors who heard Chukunyere’s
statement were influenced to the prejudice of appellant, nor does appellant cite any evidence
supporting such an inference. And even if we assume other potential jurors were prejudiced by
the statement, we cannot infer without further evidence that one of those jurors was forced upon
appellant. Appellant has not pointed to any evidence showing that a prejudiced juror was forced
upon him. Additionally, the trial court instructed the jury panel at length on the presumption of
innocence. We conclude appellant has failed to establish that he suffered any harm because of
Chukunyere’s statement. We overrule appellant’s first issue.
2. Court Costs
In his second issue, appellant argues that there is insufficient evidence in the record to
support the trial court’s order for appellant to pay $239 in court costs.
The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides in part that if a criminal action is
appealed, “an officer of the court shall certify and sign a bill of costs stating the costs that have
–5–
accrued and send the bill of costs to the court to which the action or proceeding is transferred or
appealed.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.006. The code of criminal procedure further
provides that “[a] cost is not payable by the person charged with the cost until a written bill is
produced or is ready to be produced, containing the items of cost, signed by the officer who
charged the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment for the cost.” Id. art. 103.001.
The clerk’s record in this case did not contain a copy of the cost bill or any other
document with an itemized list of costs assessed in this case. Given that appellant raised an issue
concerning the costs assessed against him, we ordered the Dallas County District Clerk to
prepare and file a supplemental clerk’s record containing a detailed itemization of the costs
assessed in this case, including specific court costs, fees, and court-appointed attorney’s fees, and
that the supplemental record should include documents explaining any and all abbreviations used
to designate a particular fee, cost, or court-appointed attorney’s fee. See TEX. R. APP. P.
34.5(c)(1) (rules of appellate procedure allow supplementation of clerk’s record if relevant item
has been omitted).
The District Clerk has complied with our order by filing a signed and certified
supplemental clerk’s record containing an itemization of the costs assessed in this case, and an
explanation of the abbreviations used in the itemization. Because the record now contains a cost
bill that supports the costs assessed in the judgment, appellant’s argument that the evidence is
insufficient to support the imposition of costs because the clerk’s record does not contain a cost
bill is, therefore, moot. See Coronel v. State, No. 416 S.W.3d 550, 555 (Tex. App.––Dallas
2013, pet. ref’d) (citing Franklin v. State, 402 S.W.3d 894, 894 (Tex. App.––Dallas 2013, no
pet.)); see also Juarez v. State, No. 05–12–00125–CR, 2013 WL 3957008, at *9 (Tex. App.––
Dallas July 31, 2013, no pet.) (not designated for publication).
–6–
In response to the supplemental clerk’s record, appellant has filed objections in which he
argues the cost bill filed in the supplemental record is not a proper bill of costs. He contends the
cost bill is not proper bill of costs because it is an “unsigned, unsworn computer printout” that
“was not signed by the officer who charged the cost nor by the officer who is entitled to receive
payment for the cost.” As we stated earlier, the code of criminal procedure requires that a bill of
cost be certified and signed “by the officer who charged the costs or the officer who is entitled to
receive payment for the cost,” “stating the costs that have accrued” if the cause is appealed. See
TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 103.001, .006.
In this case, the District Clerk has provided a cost bill that itemizes the costs that have
accrued thus far in appellant’s case, and it is certified and signed by the District Clerk. This
satisfies the mandate of the code of criminal procedure. See Coronel, 416 S.W.3d at 555
(rejecting argument that bill of costs in supplemental clerk’s record was not a “proper bill of
costs” because it was an “unsigned, unsworn computer printout”); see also Juarez, 2013 WL
3957008, at *10 (same). Appellant also contends there is no indication the bill of costs was filed
in the trial court or brought to the court’s attention before the costs were entered in the judgment.
We rejected this argument in Coronel, where we stated that “nothing in the code of criminal
procedure or the statutes addressing the assessment of costs against defendants requires that a bill
of costs be presented to the trial court at any time before judgment.” Coronel, 416 S.W.3d at
555–56; see also Juarez, 2013 WL 3957008. We therefore overrule appellant’s issue and his
objections. 2
2
In his original brief and his objections, appellant does not challenge the propriety or legality of the specific costs assessed; therefore,
we do not address those matters.
–7–
3. Modification of Judgment
In his third issue, appellant argues that we should modify the judgment to properly reflect
the pleas of true entered by appellant to the two enhancement paragraphs in the indictment. The
State agrees that the judgment should be modified to show that appellant pleaded true to the
enhancement allegations.
The indictment that charged appellant with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon
included two enhancement paragraphs. The record shows that appellant pleaded true to the two
enhancement paragraphs, but the judgment does not reflect a plea to the enhancement
paragraphs, stating “N/A” under the “Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph” and “Plea to 2nd
Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph.” In addition, the judgment states “N/A” under the “Findings
on 1st Enhancement Paragraph” and “Findings on 2nd Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph.”
This Court has the power to modify an incorrect judgment to make the record speak the
truth when we have the necessary information to do so. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v.
State, 865 S.W.2d 26, 2728 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529–30
(Tex. App.––Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). Our authority to modify an incorrect judgment is not
dependent upon the request of any party, nor does it turn on the question of whether a party has
or has not objected in the trial court. See Asberry, 813 S.W.2d at 529–30. We thus sustain
appellant’s third issue and modify the judgment to reflect that appellant pleaded true to the two
enhancement paragraphs in the indictment and that they were found to be true.
As modified, we firm the trial court’s judgment.
/ Lana Myers/
LANA MYERS
JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47
121410F.U05
–8–
S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
ANTOINE LADALE TAYLOR, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
No. 3, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-12-01410-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F11-61645-J.
Opinion delivered by Justice Myers.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices O’Neill and Brown participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED
as follows:
“Plea to 1st Enhancement Paragraph: True” and “Plea to 2nd Enhancement/
Habitual Paragraph: True.”
“Findings on 1st Enhancement Paragraph: True” and “Findings on 2nd
Enhancement/Habitual Paragraph: True.”
As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED. We direct the trial court to enter a new
judgment that reflects these modifications.
Judgment entered this 18th day of February, 2014.
/Lana Myers/
LANA MYERS
JUSTICE
–9–