Lillian Myhand v. Enterprise-Rent-A-Car Company of Texas ( 2013 )

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-12-00035-CV
Lillian Myhand, Appellant
v.
Enterprise-Rent-A-Car Company of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BELL COUNTY, 169TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 239081-C, HONORABLE GORDON G. ADAMS, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Lillian Myhand appeals a final no-evidence summary judgment against claims she
asserted against appellee, Enterprise-Rent-A-Car Company of Texas (Enterprise),1 and a final
traditional summary judgment awarding Enterprise damages and attorney’s fees on counterclaims
it asserted against Myhand. We will affirm the district court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Myhand, acting pro se, sued Enterprise seeking $5,000 in damages under theories
of breach of contract, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and alleged misuse of personal
information that, according to Myhand, violated various statutes and was actionable as an invasion
1
During the pendency of the litigation below, an entity known as EAN Holdings, LLC,
succeeded to the interest of Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company of Texas. For convenience, we will
also use “Enterprise” to refer, as relevant or applicable, to EAN.
of privacy. As the factual basis of her contract claim, Myhand alleged that she had “accepted a
contract with Enterprise” whereby she would be provided a car paid for by “Travelers Insurance
Company.” Enterprise later “breached” this contract, Myhand complained, by seeking payment from
her, and committed the other torts and statutory violations through its collection efforts and
disclosure of her “bad debt” when subsequently refusing to rent cars to “friends of my family.”
Enterprise answered and counterclaimed against Myhand for about $200 in
rentals allegedly due under the rental contract, plus attorney’s fees. It likewise filed a no-evidence
motion for summary judgment challenging multiple elements of Myhand’s theories of recovery.
Enterprise set the motion for hearing on June 3, 2011, but the hearing was continued, at Myhand’s
request, until July 1, 2011.
Three days prior to the rescheduled summary-judgment hearing, Myhand filed an
answer to Enterprise’s counterclaim. Attached to Myhand’s answer was what purported to be a copy
of the first page of a rental agreement between Myhand and Enterprise. Myhand also filed, on the
same day, a “Plaintiff’s Motion to Show Proof of Evidence,” requesting that the court “allow”
evidence of the rental agreement “as proof as to who was to pay Enterprise.”
During the hearing, the district court declined to grant leave either to consider
Myhand’s answer as a late-filed summary-judgment response or the attached page of the rental
agreement as late-filed summary-judgment evidence. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). Likewise Myhand
attempted unsuccessfully to provide testimony to the district court in support of her claims, but
ultimately conceded that she failed to present any affidavits or other evidence (aside from the
untimely first page of the rental agreement) in opposition to Enterprise’s motion. At the conclusion
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of the hearing, the district court, “having determined that the Plaintiff did not timely file a Response
or evidence in response,” signed an order granting Enterprise’s no-evidence motion for summary
judgment against all of Myhand’s claims.
Enterprise then filed a traditional motion for summary judgment on its counterclaims
for contract damages and attorney’s fees. In support of its motion, Enterprise attached an
affidavit from its custodian of records proving up a series of documents reflecting the rental
transaction between Enterprise and Myhand. These documents included a complete copy of the
rental agreement and internal documents reflecting the rentals, charges, credits, and balances due.
Of note, the rental agreement lists Myhand as “RENTER,” and states:
Renter expressly acknowledges that Renter and [Enterprise] are the only parties
to this Agreement, notwithstanding that a vehicle may have been arranged by a
third party; that a third party may pay for all or part of the rental bill; and/or that a
third party may negotiate certain terms of the rental . . . .
The agreement further specifies that “Renter remains responsible for all charges not paid by the
third-parties.” Enterprise also attached an affidavit from its attorney to prove up its reasonable and
necessary attorney’s fees.
Myhand filed a response to Enterprise’s traditional motion but did not present
controverting summary-judgment evidence. Instead, she continued to insist that Travelers rather
than she was the “original party to the contract” and owed any amounts due under the rental contract.
Following a hearing, the district court signed a final judgment granting Enterprise’s traditional
motion for summary judgment and awarding it $205.89 in damages for unpaid rental charges and
$10,170.51 for attorney’s fees and expenses, plus post-judgment interest.
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Myhand then filed a notice of appeal to which she attached additional evidence that,
she claims, “would have been supplied during the hearing had it been discovered.”
ANALYSIS
In her appellate brief, Myhand attempts to reargue her claims, but does not
specifically assign error to any decision of the district court. We will liberally construe Myhand’s
briefing as, in substance, challenging Enterprise’s entitlement to the two final summary judgments.
See Tex. R. App. P. 38.9. But this does not mean that we can disregard the procedural requirements
of Texas summary-judgment practice for Myhand’s benefit. See Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn,
573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85 (Tex. 1978) (“There cannot be two sets of procedural rules, one for litigants
with counsel and the other for litigants representing themselves. Litigants who represent themselves
must comply with the applicable procedural rules, or else they would be given an unfair advantage
over litigants represented by counsel.”).
No-evidence motion
Summary judgment is proper when there are no disputed issues of material fact and
the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Western Invs., Inc.
v. Urena, 162 S.W.3d 547, 550 (Tex. 2005). When reviewing a summary judgment, we take as
true all evidence favorable to the non-movant, and we indulge every reasonable inference and resolve
any doubts in the non-movant’s favor. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661
(Tex. 2005).
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A no-evidence motion for summary judgment must be granted if, after an adequate
time for discovery, (1) the moving party asserts that there is no evidence of one or more essential
elements of a claim or defense on which an adverse party would have the burden of proof at trial,
and (2) the non-movant fails to produce more than a scintilla of summary-judgment evidence raising
a genuine issue of material fact on those elements. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i). Enterprise’s no-evidence
summary-judgment motion challenged whether Myhand could present evidence of multiple
specific elements of her theories of recovery. The sole evidence Myhand presented in opposition
to Enterprise’s motion was the first page of the rental agreement between the parties, which she filed
less than seven days prior to the hearing and without leave of court. Consequently, the evidence
came too late to be considered in opposition to Enterprise’s motion. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c);
Benchmark Bank v. Crowder, 919 S.W.2d 657, 663 (Tex. 1996) (affidavit filed without leave of
court two days before hearing was not part of summary-judgment record); Saenz v. Southern Union
Gas Co., 999 S.W.2d 490, 493 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1999, pet. denied) (response filed without
leave of court four days before hearing was not part of summary-judgment record).2 And leaving
its timeliness aside, this page would be probative only of the existence of some sort of contract
between Enterprise and Myhand but leaves unaddressed multiple other elements of her
contract theory that were challenged by the motion. See Long v. Yurrick, 319 S.W.3d 944, 947-48
(Tex. App.—Austin 2010, no pet.); see also Van Zandt v. Prescott Legal Search, Inc., No. 03-02-
00132-CV, 2003 WL 158973, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 24, 2003, no pet.) (mem. op.) (copy
2
The same is true of the documents that Myhand attached to her notice of appeal.
Furthermore, we cannot consider these documents because they were not part of the trial court
record at all.
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of agreement, without any other summary judgment evidence, failed to raise genuine fact
issues regarding remaining elements of breach of contract claim). Nor would the page overcome
Myhand’s burden as to the elements of her other theories. Accordingly, the district court did not err
in granting Enterprise’s no-evidence motion. See Yurrick, 319 S.W.3d at 948; Jackson v. Fiesta
Mart, Inc., 979 S.W.2d 68, 71 (Tex. App.—Austin 1998, no pet.).
Traditional motion
The movant seeking a “traditional” summary judgment on its own claims for
relief has the initial burden of presenting evidence that conclusively establishes each element of its
cause of action. See M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst. v. Willrich, 28 S.W.3d 22, 23 (Tex. 2000)
(per curiam). If the movant can do so, the burden shifts to the non-movant to present evidence
raising a fact issue to avoid summary judgment. See Rhône-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217,
222-23 (Tex. 1999).
To recover on its counterclaim for contract damages, Enterprise was required to
prove (1) the existence of a valid contract; (2) its performance under the contract; (3) that Myhand
breached the contract; and (4) damages sustained by Enterprise as a result of the breach. C.W. 100
Louis Henna, Ltd. v. El Chico Rest. of Tex., L.P., 295 S.W.3d 748, 752 (Tex. App.—Austin 2009,
no pet.). Proof of the same elements would likewise establish Enterprise’s entitlement to attorney’s
fees as permitted by chapter 38 of the civil practice and remedies code. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code Ann. § 38.001(8) (West 2008).
To meet its initial summary-judgment burden, Enterprise relied on evidence that
included a copy of the complete rental agreement between Myhand and Enterprise, previously
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summarized, which states that Enterprise agreed to rent a car to Myhand in exchange for being paid
in full for charges incurred in connection with the rental, including any rental fees not paid by a
third-party insurance carrier. Enterprise also presented affidavit testimony and company records
detailing the rental transaction, the cars rented by Myhand, and the amounts owed. This evidence
indicated that Enterprise performed its obligations under the rental agreement by providing Myhand
with three rental cars over a period of sixteen days at a rate of $25.24 per day, plus a fee of $24.00,
and a motor vehicle tax of $42.78, for a total of $470.62. However, Enterprise credited Myhand’s
account in the amount of $264.73 for payments received from a third-party insurance carrier, leaving
a balance of $205.89 that Myhand had refused to pay. Enterprise also attached to its motion for
summary judgment an affidavit, prepared by its attorney of record, proving up reasonable and
necessary fees.
We conclude that Enterprise’s summary-judgment motion and evidence met its
initial burden as to its claims for contract damages and attorney’s fees, shifting the burden to Myhand
to present evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. Myhand offered no controverting
summary-judgment evidence. To the extent she attempts to rely on her pleadings, they cannot
constitute evidence, nor could any attempt by her to present testimony at the hearing. See Zeifman
v. Nowlin, 322 S.W.3d 804, 808 (Tex. App.—Austin 2010, no pet.) (“It is well-settled that . . .
pleadings are not competent summary judgment evidence.” (citing Laidlaw Waste Sys. v. City of
Wilmer, 904 S.W.2d 656, 660 (Tex. 1995))); Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c) (“No oral testimony shall be
received at the hearing.”). Nor do Myhand’s legal arguments concerning the construction or effect
of the rental contract have merit. Contrary to Myhand’s assertions, the rental agreement lists her
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as the “Renter,” and explicitly states that the “Renter” and Enterprise “are the only parties to this
Agreement, notwithstanding that a vehicle may have been arranged by a third party; that a third party
may pay for all or part of the rental bill; and/or that a third party may negotiate certain terms of
the rental . . . .”
In summary, viewing the summary-judgment evidence in the light most favorable to
Myhand, we conclude that she failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact that would preclude
Enterprise’s entitlement to summary judgment on its claims for contract damages and attorney’s fees.
See Rhône-Poulenc, 997 S.W.2d at 222-23. Accordingly, we conclude that the district court did not
err in granting Enterprise’s traditional summary-judgment motion and awarding it those amounts.
See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Urena, 162 S.W.3d at 552.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the district court’s judgment.
__________________________________________
Bob Pemberton, Justice
Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton and Field
Affirmed
Filed: March 1, 2013
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