in the Interest of H.C.D. and A.L.D. ( 2016 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
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NO. 09-16-00254-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF H.C.D. and A.L.D.
_______________________________________________________ ______________
On Appeal from the 418th District Court
Montgomery County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 15-02-01193-CV
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MEMORANDUM OPINION
In this appeal from a judgment in a suit affecting the parent-child
relationship, we are asked to decide whether the trial court should have allowed
two of the children, who were represented in the suit by an attorney ad litem, to
amend their pleadings to include a claim asking that the court consider giving the
two children court-ordered rights of access to their half-sibling. Based on the trial
court’s conclusion that the issue of sibling access had not been tried by consent, the
trial court refused to allow the attorney ad litem to amend the pleadings of the
children she represented to include a claim of sibling access. We conclude the trial
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court did not abuse its discretion in denying the request the children made through
their attorney to include a claim of sibling access.
In a suit brought by the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
for the protection of the minors, H.C.D. and A.L.D., 1 the trial court appointed the
children’s paternal aunt (“Aunt”) as their managing conservator. In a separate case
involving H.C.D.’s and A.L.D.’s half-sibling, K.G., the trial court appointed
K.G.’s maternal grandmother (“Grandmother”) as K.G.’s managing conservator.
Although the cases were filed separately, the reporter’s record of the proceedings
indicates that the two cases were tried by the court in a consolidated non-jury
proceeding. During the trial, the attorney ad litem appointed to represent H.C.D.
and A.L.D. requested that the trial court allow H.C.D. and A.L.D. to amend their
pleadings to include a claim by H.C.D. and A.L.D. for court-ordered rights of
access to K.G. The ad litem sought the trial amendment once it became apparent
that the trial court was considering appointing the Aunt to be H.C.D. and A.L.D.’s
managing conservator but was considering appointing Grandmother as K.G.’s
managing conservator. Aunt and Grandmother are not biologically related. In the
1
We refer to the minors by their initials to protect their identities. See Tex.
R. App. P. 9.8(b). We refer to the adults by their relation to the children; here,
Aunt and Grandmother. See id.
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sole issue raised in their appeal, H.C.D. and A.L.D contend the trial court abused
its discretion by “finding that the issue of sibling access was not tried by consent.”
The Family Code allows children who are separated from their brothers or
sisters because of an action of the Department of Protective and Family Services to
file a suit requesting court-ordered rights of access to their siblings. See Tex. Fam.
Code Ann. § 153.551 (West 2014); see also Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 102.0045
(West Supp. 2016). However, H.C.D. and A.L.D. did not file a separate petition
seeking sibling access, and prior to the trial that concerned who should be
appointed to be the managing conservators of K.G., H.C.D. and A.L.D., H.C.D.
and A.L.D.’s attorney did not file any pleadings seeking an order for H.C.D. and
A.L.D. to be awarded rights of access to K.G.
On appeal, H.C.D. and A.L.D. rely on Rule 67 of the Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure to argue that the issue of whether the trial court was required to consider
their sibling-access claim was tried by consent in a trial that resolved who to
appoint as the managing conservators of the three children. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 67
(“When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent
of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the
pleadings.”). However, the rule of trial by consent is limited to exceptional cases
where the record, as a whole, clearly shows that the parties tried an unpleaded
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issue by consent. See Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 86 S.W.3d 721, 729 (Tex. App.—El
Paso 2002, no pet.); In re Walters, 39 S.W.3d 280, 289 (Tex. App.—Texarkana
2001, no pet.); Stephanz v. Laird, 846 S.W.2d 895, 901 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 1993, writ denied). Rule 67 was not intended to establish a general rule of
practice, the rule of trial by consent is to be applied with care, and a trial court does
not abuse its discretion by refusing to apply the rule of trial by consent in doubtful
situations. See Stephanz, 846 S.W.2d at 901. In general, the conclusion that an
unpleaded issue was tried by implied consent “applies only where it appears from
the record that the issue was actually tried[.]” Johnston v. McKinney Am., Inc., 9
S.W.3d 271, 281 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. denied).
To determine whether an issue was tried by consent, the appellate court
reviews the reporter’s record, not for evidence of the issue, but for evidence of the
trial of the issue. Stephanz, 846 S.W.2d at 901. When the evidence that a party is
relying upon to suggest that an issue was tried by consent is also relevant to
another issue that was pleaded and tried, the evidence that a party relies upon to
suggest an issue was tried by consent will not necessarily support the conclusion
that the trial court erred in refusing the request to amend their pleadings. Under
such circumstances, because the evidence would be relevant to an issue raised by
the live pleadings the proffer of that evidence would not likely elicit an objection
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from any of the parties during the trial. See Sage St. Assocs. v. Northdale Constr.
Co., 863 S.W.2d 438, 446 (Tex. 1993); McBride v. McBride, No. 09-14-00040-
CV, 2016 WL 157764, at *4 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Jan. 14, 2016, no pet.); In re
J.M., 156 S.W.3d 696, 705 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.).
In this case, the principal issues the trial court was being asked to decide
based on the live pleadings concerned who should be appointed as the managing
conservators of H.C.D., A.L.D., and K.G. At trial, Grandmother was requesting to
be appointed the managing conservator of all three of the children. Although the
testimony in the trial includes evidence about the disadvantages that might occur if
Grandmother were not named as the managing conservator of all three children,
evidence of the siblings’ bonds with each other, and evidence favoring the
placement of all three children with Grandmother, that same evidence was relevant
to the trial court’s determination of whether to appoint Aunt or Grandmother as
H.C.D. and A.L.D.’s managing conservator. See generally Tex. Fam. Code Ann.
§§ 153.005 (West Supp. 2016), 153.131, 153.311 (West 2014), 153.371, 263.404
(West Supp. 2016). In other words, the evidence that H.C.D. and A.L.D. rely upon
in their argument to support their claim of trial by consent was not relevant solely
to their claim seeking a court-ordered right of sibling access.
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Additionally, the reporter’s record of the trial does not demonstrate that the
Department or Aunt allowed the claim of sibling access to be tried by consent.
Before the testimony commenced, the attorney ad litem, who represented all three
of the minors, suggested that “some form of visitation is crucial among the siblings
and with grandma for the two who will not -- who are advocating to stay where
they are currently placed.” In opening statement, however, Aunt’s counsel
reminded the trial court that “there haven’t been any suits filed for sibling
possession, access or visitation.” In closing statements, the attorney ad litem who
represented all three children argued that Grandmother should be named a
possessory conservator of these two children and be granted unsupervised
visitations, adding, “that would also cure the sibling visits, as well.”
After a brief recess, the trial court orally pronounced its decision regarding
who would be appointed to the role of managing conservator of each of the three
minors involved in the suit, and it then recessed the proceedings to allow the
parties to negotiate on visitation. At that point, Grandmother’s attorney asked
whether the court was considering visitation and access for the siblings, and the
trial court responded that it was considering visitation for “everybody involved.”
The attorney ad litem for H.C.D. and A.L.D. argued that sibling access could be
implemented through an order for grandparent access, and she requested the trial
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court’s permission to file a trial amendment on behalf of H.C.D. and A.L.D.
seeking sibling access to K.G. The Department opposed Grandmother’s request to
amend the pleadings, arguing that no claim for sibling access had been raised in the
pleadings then on file. The Department’s attorney suggested that the evidence
addressing the minors’ relationships with one another had been admitted during the
trial in the context of Grandmother’s request to be appointed managing conservator
over all three of the minors. Grandmother’s attorney did not oppose the request,
suggesting that there was evidence admitted in the trial addressing Grandmother’s
desire to have access to all three children. However, Aunt’s attorney opposed the
request by the attorney ad litem to add a claim of sibling access, arguing that the
claim seeking sibling access had been raised only after the trial court had
announced its decision to deny Grandmother’s request to have possessory rights to
all three of the minors. After the trial court considered the parties’ arguments, the
trial court denied the ad litem’s request to add claim of sibling access to the suit.
In this case, the record supports the conclusion that the parties did not try the
issue of sibling access by consent. In our opinion, the evidence relied upon by the
minors in their appeal to support their claim of trial by consent was not relevant
solely to their claim of sibling access. That same evidence was relevant to
Grandmother’s claim seeking rights of possession to all three of the minors and
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relevant to the trial court’s determinations about what possessory appointment
would be in each child’s best interest. See generally McBride, 2016 WL 157764, at
*5. For example, although a caseworker employed by the Department of Family
and Protective Services testified that the trial court had ordered sibling visits
throughout the case, the clerk’s record shows the trial court granted temporary
visitation to Grandmother after the attorney ad litem for H.C.D. and A.L.D. filed a
motion for visitation. During the trial, the caseworker agreed that the relationships
between the siblings should be maintained, but her concerns that the children might
not see each other absent court-ordered visitation were expressed in the context of
the court ordering visitation with Grandmother and of keeping the children
together based on the option of appointing Grandmother to be all three of the
minors’ managing conservator. While there was also testimony during the trial by a
psychologist that indicated there would be benefits to keeping all three of the
children together, his testimony occurred in the context of placing H.C.D. and
A.L.D. in Grandmother’s home. A psychotherapist who had seen the children
stated that she would support sibling visitation if Aunt were to be appointed as the
managing conservator, but she clarified that she thought the appropriate degree of
contact with Grandmother and those in her household would be one visit every six
weeks.
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In summary, the trial court’s view that the existing pleadings made the
testimony about how often H.C.D. and A.L.D. should see Grandmother and those
living in her home relevant to the question of who should be appointed the minors’
conservators was reasonable. We agree with the trial court’s view that the evidence
about the benefits of the children remaining together is not evidence that relates
exclusively to an unpleaded claim for sibling access. Because the trial court did not
abuse its discretion by denying the requested amendment to add a claim of sibling
access, we overrule the appellants’ issue. The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
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HOLLIS HORTON
Justice
Submitted on November 1, 2016
Opinion Delivered December 29, 2016
Before McKeithen, C.J., Horton and Johnson, JJ.
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