State v. Gustavo Santiago Soto ( 2003 )

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-02-00340-CR
The State of Texas, Appellant
v.
Gustavo Santiago Soto, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW OF TOM GREEN COUNTY
NO. 01-01735, HONORABLE DAVID B. READ, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The State appeals an order granting appellee Gustavo Santiago Soto=s amended motion to
dismiss for failing to provide a speedy trial. The dismissed information accuses Soto of evading arrest. See
Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 38.04 (West Supp. 2003). We will reverse the court=s order and remand the cause
for trial.
The right to a speedy trial is constitutionally guaranteed. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tex.
Const. art. I, ' 10; see Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972); Hull v. State, 699 S.W.2d 220, 221
(Tex. Crim. App. 1986).1 Appellate review of a trial court=s decision to grant or deny a speedy trial claim is
conducted de novo. Johnson v . State, 954 S.W.2d 770, 771 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). In conducting this
1
Soto=s motion also cited the defunct speedy trial act. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
32A.02 (West 1989); Meshell v. State, 739 S.W.2d 246, 257 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) (speedy trial act
is unconstitutional).
review, we must balance four factors: (1) length of the delay, (2) reason for the delay, (3) assertion of the
right, and (4) prejudice to the accused. Barker, 407 U.S. at 530; Johnson, 954 S.W.2d at 771.
Length of delay. For speedy trial purposes, the length of delay is measured from the date
the defendant is arrested or formally charged. Rivera v. State, 990 S.W.2d 882, 889 (Tex. App.CAustin
1999, pet. ref=d). Soto was arrested on February 13, 2000, and released on bond. The information was
not filed until July 2, 2001. The cause was set for arraignment on October 3, 2001, but was postponed.
There were several more postponements preceding February 18, 2002, when Soto filed his original motion
to dismiss. The amended motion was filed March 14, 2002, and the hearing was conducted the following
day.
The State concedes that the delay in this cause is sufficient to trigger a full Barker analysis.
See Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647, 651-52 (1992). Because the delay here stretched well
beyond the minimum needed to trigger the inquiry, this factor weighs heavily against the State. Zamorano
v. State, 84 S.W.3d 643, 649 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
Reason for delay. The only witnesses to testify at the hearing were the attorneys for Soto
and the State. The prosecutor could not explain the delay between Soto=s arrest and the filing of the
information, and we must presume that no valid reason for this delay existed. See Turner v. State, 545
S.W.2d 133, 137 (Tex. Crim. App. 1976) (State bears burden of justifying delay; if record is silent, it must
be presumed that no valid reason for delay existed). The delay of arraignment and all subsequent resettings
were at Soto=s request.
2
Assertion of right. The responsibility to assert the right to a speedy trial lies with the
accused. Barker, 407 U.S. at 531; State v. Hernandez, 830 S.W.2d 631, 635 (Tex. App.CSan Antonio
1992, no pet.). Soto never directly demanded a speedy trial, and he did not assert his speedy trial right in
any manner until he moved to dismiss in March 2002. He sought to excuse his failure to request a speedy
trial prior to July 2001 on the ground that no information had been filed. This Court has noted, however,
that an accused can file a motion to dismiss or otherwise seek the prompt disposition of an accusation
before a formal charging instrument is filed. See Sinclair v. State, 894 S.W.2d 437, 440 (Tex.
App.C1995, no pet.). Even after the information was filed, Soto did not move to dismiss for another eight
months. This factor weighs against Soto.
Prejudice to defense. The speedy trial right serves to prevent oppressive pretrial
incarceration, minimize anxiety and concern resulting from the pending charges, and limit the possible
impairment of the defense. Barker, 407 U.S. at 532. We assess the prejudice factor in light of these
interests. Id. The defendant bears the burden of showing prejudice as a result of the delay. Hernandez,
830 S.W.2d at 635.
Soto was released on bond immediately after his arrest and thus experienced no pretrial
incarceration. There is no evidence that Soto suffered any anxiety or concern as a result of the pending
charge. Although excessive delay presumptively compromises the defense, this presumption is extenuated
when, as in this cause, the accused acquiesces in all or part of the delay. Doggett, 505 U.S. at 655-58.
As to specific prejudice to the defense, Soto=s counsel testified that he had been told by Soto that Ahe had
left a particular place somewhat earlier than the arrest@ and that the delay had made it Anext to impossible@
3
to find Athose particular witnesses.@ Counsel did not describe the steps he had taken to find these
witnesses. There is no evidence that these witnesses saw the events giving rise to the evading arrest charge,
and counsel did not suggest how they might benefit the defense. We conclude that Soto failed to
demonstrate significant prejudice.
Balancing. The seventeen-month delay between Soto=s arrest and the filing of the
information weighs heavily against the State. Soto failed, however, to demonstrate that he asserted his
speedy trial right during this period. Moreover, the cause was reset repeatedly at Soto=s request after the
information was filed. Soto did not assert his speedy trial right until he filed his first motion to dismiss two
years following his arrest and eight months after the filing of the information. Finally, Soto suffered no
evident prejudice as a result of the State=s delay. On balance, we conclude that the four factors weigh
against a finding that Soto=s constitutional speedy trial right was violated. The State=s point of error is
sustained.
We reverse the dismissal order and remand the cause to the trial court with the direction to
reinstate the information.
David Puryear, Justice
Before Justices Yeakel, Patterson and Puryear
Reversed and Remanded
4
Filed: March 13, 2003
Do Not Publish
5