State v. Ruben Trevino Mireles ( 2012 )

NUMBER 13-11-00120-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
VICTOR HUGO SALINAS TEJEDA, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 275th District Court
of Hidalgo County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Garza and Vela
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
Pursuant to a plea agreement with the State, appellant, Victor Hugo Salinas
Tejeda, pleaded guilty to two counts of burglary of a habitation, a second-degree felony.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 30.02 (West 2003). The trial court sentenced appellant to
ten years‟ confinement and ordered restitution of $44,332. By three issues, appellant
challenges the trial court‟s order of restitution. We dismiss for want of jurisdiction.
I. BACKGROUND
On May 13, 2010, the home of Patricia Rios was burglarized. The burglary was
captured on video surveillance. During this incident, the perpetrators disabled Rios‟s
alarm system. On May 16, 2010, Rios‟s home was again burglarized; this incident was
also captured on video surveillance. In addition to stealing property including, among
other things, computers, televisions, ceiling fans, and bedroom sets, the suspects also
set a mattress on fire.
On July 20, 2010, a grand jury indicted appellant for two counts of second-
degree burglary of a habitation occurring on May 13, 2010 and one count of first-degree
burglary of a habitation occurring on May 16, 2010. See id. On November 8, 2010,
appellant pleaded guilty to burglary with intent to commit theft occurring on May 13 and
to burglary with intent to commit theft occurring on May 16. This appeal followed.
II. JURISDICTION
The State alleges that we lack jurisdiction over this case. The State argues that
under Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 25.2(a)(2) appellant is barred from appealing
his conviction because this is a plea bargain case and the trial court has not given
appellant permission to appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2) (stating that, “[i]n a plea
bargain case . . . a defendant may appeal only: (A) those matters that were raised by
written motion filed and ruled on before trial, or (B) after getting the trial court‟s
permission to appeal”). We note that the clerk‟s record contains the trial court‟s
certification stating that “This criminal case is not a plea bargain, and the Defendant has
the right of appeal.”1
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The State points to State‟s exhibits 4 and 4-A, admitted at the plea hearing, signed by another
judge stating, “This criminal case is a plea bargain, and the Defendant has NO right of appeal.” These
documents are included in the clerk‟s record; however, they are merely identified in the table of contents
of the clerk‟s record as State‟s exhibits 4 and 4-A. The documents were not file stamped by the District
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This issue concerns a plea bargain; therefore, “we review the record to determine
(1) our jurisdiction, and (2) whether the trial court‟s certification is correct.” Pena v.
State, 323 S.W.3d 522, 525 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.) (citing Morgan v.
State, 185 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex. App—Corpus Christi 2006, pet. ref‟d)). A plea
bargain exists when “a defendant‟s plea was guilty or nolo contendere and the
punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the prosecutor and
agreed to by the defendant . . . .” TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). “There are four general
elements necessary to constitute a plea bargain: „(1) that an offer be made or
promised, (2) by an agent of the State in authority, (3) to promise a recommendation of
sentence or some other concession such as a reduced charge in the case, (4) subject
to the approval of the trial judge.‟” Pena, 323 S.W.3d at 525 (citing Wayne v. State, 756
S.W.2d 724, 728 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988)).
At the plea hearing, the State informed the trial court that a plea agreement had
been reached and defense counsel did not object. The trial court stated it would accept
the plea agreement and admonished the defendant of the consequences of entering a
guilty plea. The trial court admitted State‟s exhibits 1, 3, and 3-A, which included: (1)
the appellant‟s waiver of rights and consent to stipulation of evidence and plea of guilty
or no contest; (2) the plea admonishments; and (3) the agreed punishment
recommendation and post-conviction waivers for both charges. The agreed punishment
recommendation and post-conviction waivers set out that, in exchange for appellant‟s
plea of guilty, the State would recommend that the trial court sentence appellant to ten
Clerk.
It appears, therefore, that this Court was not aware of these documents when the record was
filed; and, on March 9, 2011, we informed the District Clerk that appellant was appealing his conviction
and requested the trial court‟s certification. On March 29, 2011, a supplemental clerk‟s record was filed in
this Court with the certification stating this cause was not a plea bargain case.
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years‟ confinement and that the State would not oppose shock probation. The State
also agreed to dismiss count three of the indictment—the first-degree burglary of a
habitation charge.
At the plea hearing, the trial court explained that if appellant entered into a plea
bargain and the trial court accepted and followed the plea bargain, appellant was
“waiving . . . giving up some very valuable rights” including, among other things, the
right to file a motion for new trial, and the right to file a notice of appeal. Appellant
stated that his attorneys had explained those waivers of rights to him, that he
understood those waivers, and that he was asking the trial court to accept and approve
the plea bargain. The written plea admonishments, signed by appellant, stated that “If
the punishment assessed does not exceed the agreement between you and the
prosecutor, the [trial court] must give permission before you can appeal on any matter in
the case except for matters raised by written motion before trial.” The agreed
punishment recommendation and post-conviction waivers stated the following:
I understand that I have the legal right to appeal my conviction, and
also the right to be represented on appeal by an attorney of my choice, or
if I am too poor to pay for such attorney or the record on appeal, the Court
will, without expense to me provide an attorney and a proper record for
such an appeal, but after consulting with my attorney and in return for the
State making a recommendation on punishment to the Court, I voluntarily,
knowingly, and intelligently waive my right to appeal and my right to file a
motion for new trial.
I further state that I accept the State‟s plea offer as stated in this
document. . . .
Appellant‟s signature appears directly below this paragraph.
The record demonstrates that appellant entered into a plea bargain with the
State, and the trial court did not exceed the recommended punishment of ten years.
See id. Therefore, this is a plea bargain case. See id. Moreover, there was no written
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motion ruled on before trial, see TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2)(A); and the trial court‟s
certification did not affirmatively grant appellant permission to appeal but rather only
certified that he has a right to appeal because this “is not a plea-bargain case.” See id.
R. 25.2(a)(2)(B).
We conclude that the trial court‟s certification of appeal is defective because it
inaccurately characterizes appellant‟s conviction as not arising out of a plea bargain,
when the record clearly demonstrates there was a plea bargain. See Pena, 323 S.W.3d
at 525. Accordingly, we do not have jurisdiction over this appeal. TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(a)(2); Sherwood v. State, 340 S.W.3d 929, 932 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2011, no pet.)
(“[W]hen the record is clear that the defendant waived any and all rights to appeal,
ordering a corrected certification would serve no purpose other than to delay further
proceedings as the defendant would still be unable to appeal his conviction.”); Pena,
323 S.W.3d at 525 (explaining that the appellate court was not required “to order the
trial court to correct the certification because the record affirmatively demonstrates that
[the appellant] did not have the right to appeal”).
III. CONCLUSION
This appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
__________________
ROGELIO VALDEZ
Chief Justice
Do not Publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
Delivered and filed the
2nd day of February, 2012.
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