Ashleigh M. Smith v. Alderson Enterprises, L.P. ( 2010 )

NO. 07-08-0344-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL D
MARCH 12, 2010
______________________________
ASHLEIGH M. SMITH, APPELLANT
V.
ALDERSON ENTERPRISES, L.P., APPELLEE
_________________________________
FROM THE 72ND DISTRICT COURT OF LUBBOCK COUNTY;
NO. 2007-539,137; HONORABLE RUBEN REYES, JUDGE
_______________________________
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Ashleigh M. Smith, brought a declaratory judgment, breach of contract,
and tort action against Appellee, Alderson Enterprises, L.P. Following a jury
determination that Smith entered into a legally enforceable contract with Alderson to
purchase a new car, the trial court found that Smith breached the contract and awarded
damages to Alderson. In a single point of error, Smith asserts the trial court erred by
upholding the jury determination and denying Smith=s motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict. We affirm.
Background
In 2004, Smith purchased a Lexus RX330 from Alderson, a car dealership located
in Lubbock, Texas. In April 2007, she brought the RX330 to Alderson for repairs and
began shopping for a replacement car. On April 5, she asked an Alderson salesman to
put some numbers together on a Mercedes ML350 and, two days later, she returned with
her husband to look at the Mercedes ML350 and a Lexus IS250. On April 12, Smith met
with Jimmy Myatt, the Alderson car salesman who originally sold her the RX330, and after
test driving three vehicles, she asked Myatt to put some numbers together on the Lexus
IS250.
After further negotiations, Myatt and Smith agreed on a price for the IS250 and the
trade-in value of her RX330. After determining the cash payoff to ABC Bank on her
trade-in, Myatt determined the net purchase price and filled out a buyer=s order form.
With a cash down payment of ten thousand dollars, under the ATotal Payments@ heading,
three financing scenarios were described. One scenario calculated payments of
$661.28 per month for thirty-six months without assigning an interest rate.1 The two
1
Although the interest rate was not stated, it was calculable from the figures provided. The
subsequently signed typewritten buyer's order form and Motor Vehicle Installment Sales Contract both
reflect that a 6.1% APR was applied to arrive at 36 monthly payments of $661.28.
2
remaining scenarios calculated monthly payments for forty-eight and sixty months at
6.9% interest.
Once Myatt obtained Smith=s agreement to the figures on the handwritten buyer=s
order form, he took the form to Glen Garnett, Alderson=s new car sales manager. After
Garnett initialed the order (AOK by GG@), Myatt introduced Smith to Sharla Snuggs,
Alderson=s financial services manager. Myatt testified he had sold the IS250 to Smith
before he introduced her to Snuggs.2
While Smith was in Snuggs=s office, the handwritten buyer=s order form was typed.
All of the numbers on the typewritten form were the same with the exception that the
forty-eight and sixty month financing options at 6.9% were eliminated and financing at
6.1% for thirty-six months, with payments of $661.28 per month, was typed on the form.
The form also indicated a cash payment of ten thousand dollars and provided that Toyota
Motor Credit Corporation would finance the balance due. Smith signed the typewritten
form.
Smith also signed a multitude of other sale documents while she was in Snuggs=s
office. One document was a power of attorney unconditionally permitting Alderson to
transfer ownership of the RX330 to another buyer. Smith signed as the RX330's Aseller@
2
Myatt=s testimony was corroborated by Snuggs=s testimony that she does not negotiate deals.
According to Snuggs, "They don=t come into my office unless they have agreed to buy the car and they want
the car. My job is just to formalize the process."
3
and Alderson signed as Abuyer.@3 In addition to the power of attorney, Smith also signed
an odometer disclosure statement for the RX330, as Atransferor@; an arbitration
agreement as Abuyer@; an application to register and title the IS250 as Apurchaser@ with
Toyota Motor Credit Corporation as the Afirst lien holder@; a credit application for purchase
of the IS250 as Aapplicant@; a Motor Vehicle Retail Installment Sales Contract as Abuyer;@
and a privacy notice to protect against Alderson=s disclosure of nonpublic information as
Acustomer.@
Snuggs understood Smith wanted the vehicle titled to reflect her husband as a
co-buyer; therefore, she gave Smith a number of documents for Dr. Smith=s signature and
asked Smith to mail them back to Alderson when they were completed.4 Subsequently,
Smith took delivery of the IS250. Alderson affixed a Ared tag@ on the car that indicated
Alderson had sold the IS250 to Smith as ABuyer.@5 Thereafter, Smith transferred her
personal items from the RX330 to the IS250, and drove home to Clovis, New Mexico.
3
The RX330 was titled in Smith=s name only.
4
The following documents were marked for Dr. Smith=s signature: the Motor Vehicle Retail
Installment Sales Contract as Aco-buyer@ and attached notice to co-signer; the typewritten buyer=s order
form; arbitration agreement as Abuyer@; application for vehicle title and registration as A2nd registered
owner@; credit application as Aco-applicant@; and privacy notice as Aco-customer.@
5
Myatt testified a Ablack tag@ is placed on a vehicle being test driven because the Ablack tag@
indicates Alderson owns the vehicle. Paul Scott, Alderson=s general manager, testified that Alderson=s
dispensation of Ared tags@ to salesmen is regulated by the dealership and the State. Scott testified that,
A[i]n the history of Alderson=s dealership, there has never been a time when they affixed a red tag to a
vehicle for a test drive.@
4
After her arrival, Dr. Smith reviewed the paperwork for the car. He contacted
Snuggs and asked her to redo the paperwork so the IS250 could be titled to ASmith
Chiropractic Center, P.A.@ with him as personal guarantor. Snuggs re-drafted the
paperwork and sent the package to Dr. Smith by Federal Express.6
Less than one week later, on April 18, the Smiths were involved in an accident
while driving the IS250.7 The next day, Smith drove the damaged IS250 to Alderson and
attempted to return the vehicle, insisting that she was merely test driving the vehicle and
had not purchased it. Prior to her arrival, Smith had not informed anyone at the
dealership of the accident.
Myatt looked at the damaged IS250 and attempted to advise Smith on the process
for submitting an insurance claim. At Myatt=s behest, Paul Scott, Alderson=s general
manager, became involved. Scott suggested that Smith have an estimate of damages
prepared by a nearby body shop. Smith drove the car to the body shop where they
estimated the damages could be repaired for five thousand dollars. Thereafter, Smith
returned to the dealership, left the IS250, and departed.
Later, Dr. Smith called Scott. Scott informed Dr. Smith that his wife had
purchased the IS250; however, he did offer to assist with filing an insurance claim and
6
Neither Smith nor Dr. Smith ever executed these papers.
7
The police report listed the owner of the IS250 as ASmith Chiro.@
5
trade-in of the IS250 on another vehicle. Dr. Smith informed Scott that he was calling his
attorney.
In May, Alderson sold the RX330 and paid off the remaining balance of Smith=s
loan to ABC Bank. Snuggs testified Alderson fulfilled its end of the bargain, i.e., sold
Smith the IS250 for the agreed upon price of $36,000, allowed Smith the agreed upon
trade-in value of $21,000 on her trade-in, delivered the IS250 to Smith, and paid off the
balance of the debt owed to ABC Bank by Smith on the RX330.
Also in May, Smith filed her amended petition for declaratory judgment,
conversion, breach of fiduciary duty, and permanent injunctive relief. In addition to tort
and contractual remedies, Smith sought a declaration from the trial court that no binding
contract to purchase the IS250 existed between Smith and Alderson. Alderson
counterclaimed for damages due to breach of contract.
Following a four day trial, the jury found that ASmith and Alderson Enterprises, L.P.,
enter[ed] into an agreement for the purchase of a 2007 Lexus Model IS250 on April 12,
2007.@ In its judgment issued July 29, 2008, the trial court found that Smith breached the
contract of sale and awarded damages to Alderson. After Smith=s motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict was denied by the trial court, this appeal followed.
6
Discussion
Smith asserts the trial court erred, as a matter of law, by upholding the jury=s
determination that a legally enforceable contract existed between Smith and Alderson,
and denying Smith=s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. Smith asserts no
contract existed because her husband did not review and sign the sale documentation or
approve the car. Smith also asserts the typewritten buyer=s order, signed by her, was
not a contract document because a term varied from the prior handwritten buyer=s order
and the typewritten buyer=s order was not signed by the dealership. Alderson asserts
Smith agreed to buy the car, signed all the necessary documentation, and accepted
delivery.
I. Standard of Review
We review declaratory judgments under the same standards as other judgments
and decrees. Lidawi v. Progressive County Mut. Ins. Co., 112 S.W.3d 725, 730
(Tex.App.BHouston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.). We look to the procedure used to resolve
the issue at trial to determine the standard of review on appeal. Id.
In reviewing rulings on motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, appellate
courts apply the no-evidence standard. See City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802,
823 (Tex. 2005); McGuire, Craddock, Strother & Hale, P.C. v. Transcontinental Realty
Investors, Inc., 251 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex.App.BDallas 2008, pet. denied). The court
reviews the evidence and must credit the favorable evidence if reasonable jurors would
7
and disregard contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors would not. City of Keller, 168
S.W.3d at 826-27. A challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence will be sustained
when, among other things, the evidence offered to establish a vital fact does not exceed a
scintilla. Kroger Texas Ltd. P=ship v. Suberu, 216 S.W.3d 788, 793 (Tex. 2006). That
is, the evidence offered to establish a vital fact must not be Aso weak as to do no more
than create a mere surmise or suspicion@ that the fact exists. Ford Motor Co. v.
Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 601 (Tex. 2004). Therefore, the focus of our inquiry is
whether the jury's determination that a legally enforceable contract existed between
Smith and Alderson is supported by legally sufficient evidence.
Further, when parties offer conflicting testimony, particularly on an issue such as
intent, the jury has the exclusive responsibility to determine the credibility of the
witnesses, the weight to be given their testimony; Serv. Corp. Int=l v. Aragon, 268 S.W.3d
112, 118 (Tex.App.BEastland 2008, pet. denied); Brown v. Taylor, 210 S.W.3d 648,
672-73 (Tex.App.BHouston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.), and resolve conflicts and
inconsistencies in the testimony of any one witness as well as in the testimony of different
witnesses. Banks v. Columbia Hosp. at Medical City Dallas Subsidiary, L.P., 233
S.W.3d 64, 67-68 (Tex.App.BDallas 2007, pet. denied). Where the jury believes one
party=s version of the events underlying the action over another, we cannot substitute our
judgment or opinion for that of the jury. Lofton v. Tex. Brine Corp., 720 S.W.2d 804, 805
(Tex. 1986). See Carousel=s Creamery, L.L.C. v. Marble Slab Creamery, Inc., 134
S.W.3d 385, 404 (Tex.App.BHouston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. dism=d by agr.). In other
8
words, the jury's determination of the intent of the parties, or the lack thereof, is entitled to
almost total deference.
II. Contract
In its simplest terms, a contract is established when proven by a preponderance of
the evidence that an offer is accepted, accompanied by consideration. See Domingo v.
Mitchell, 257 S.W.3d 34, 39-40 (Tex.App.BAmarillo 2008, pet. denied). To determine
whether there was an offer and acceptance, and therefore a "meeting of the minds,"
courts use an objective standard, concerning what the parties did and said, not their
subjective states of mind. See Komet v. Graves, 40 S.W.3d 596, 601 (Tex.App.--San
Antonio 2001, no pet.).
AMeeting of the minds@ describes the mutual understanding and assent to the
agreement regarding the subject matter and the essential terms of the contract.
Weynand v. Weynand, 990 S.W.2d 843, 846 (Tex.App.BDallas 1999, pet. denied).
Where this element is contested, as here, the determination of the existence of a contract
becomes a question of fact. Hallmark v. Hand, 885 S.W.2d 471, 476-77 (Tex.App.BEl
Paso 1996, writ denied).
Further, parties may agree to the material terms of a contract but leave other
matters open for later negotiation; it is only when an essential term is left open for future
negotiation that no binding contract exists. Kelly v. Rio Grande Computerland Group,
9
128 S.W.3d 759, 766 (Tex.App.BEl Paso 2004, no pet.); Komet v. Graves, 40 S.W.3d at
602. Written contracts may also consist of multiple documents; City of Houston v. Clear
Channel Outdoor, Inc., 233 S.W.3d 441, 445 (Tex.App.BHouston [14th Dist.] 2007, no
pet.), and writings may be considered together if they pertain to the same transaction.
City of Keller, 168 S.W.2d at 811. See Jones v. Kelley, 614 S.W.2d 95, 98 (Tex. 1981)
(separate instruments executed at the same time, for the same purpose, and in the
course of the same transaction are to be considered as one instrument and construed
together). In addition, if one party signs a contract, the other may accept by his or her
acts, conduct, or acquiescence in the terms of the contract. DeClaire v. G. & B. McIntosh
Family Ltd. P'ship, 260 S.W.3d 34, 44 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.)
(collected cases cited therein).
Here, there is more than a scintilla of evidence supporting the jury=s determination
that Smith entered into a contract to purchase the Lexus IS250 from Alderson. When
Myatt presented Smith with the handwritten buyer=s order initialed by his sales manager,
Alderson made an offer to sell the IS250 to Smith. The offer contained the essential
financial elements of the agreement, the sales price, the trade-in value of her RX330, the
down payment, and three optional financing arrangements. Smith accepted Alderson=s
offer on terms identical to those offered in the handwritten buyer=s order when she signed
the typewritten buyer=s order.8 The sole difference being that, in her acceptance of the
8
That the type-written buyer=s offer disclosed an interest rate at 6.1% is immaterial because the
payment term, thirty-six months, and monthly payment, $661.28, remained the same as that disclosed in
the handwritten buyer order.
10
typewritten terms, Smith chose between the three methods of financing offered in the
handwritten buyer=s order.9
That a contract formed was also evidenced by the parties' actions after the
type-written buyer=s order was executed by Smith. Smith executed a power of attorney
unconditionally authorizing Alderson to sell her trade-in vehicle and transfer ownership.
Alderson delivered the new IS250 to Smith. Smith accepted the new car, removed her
possessions from the RX330, placed them in the IS250 and drove to New Mexico with a
temporary license tag indicating she had bought the car from Alderson.
Relying upon Gilbert v. Texas and portions of Snuggs=s testimony, Smith asserts
there was no contract to sell the IS250 because Dr. Smith did not sign the sale and
financing documents. 10 Snuggs's testimony, however, is equally consistent with the
notion that, if Dr. Smith did not sign the sales contract or financing statement, he would
not be shown on the title as a co-buyer. Snuggs also testified that Smith agreed to buy
9
Pursuant to the terms of the buyer=s order, Alderson retained the option of cancelling the contract
if the dealership could not obtain approval of the order=s terms from a bank or finance company. While
Smith would treat this contract provision as a condition precedent, the provision is a condition subsequent,
i.e., a condition referring to a future event, upon the happening of which the obligation becomes no longer
binding upon the other party, if he or she chooses to avail themselves of the condition. Abraham Inv. Co. v.
Payne Ranch, Inc., 968 S.W.2d 518, 524 (Tex.App.BAmarillo 1998, pet. denied); Rincones v. Windberg,
705 S.W.2d 846, 848 (Tex.App.BAustin 1986, no writ). See Black=s Law Dictionary 312 (8th ed. 2004).
Further, although, as Smith suggests, the buyer=s order is an offer, its express language provides that the
order Abecomes an agreement with dealer when it is accepted by dealer or its authorized representative.@
10
Gilbert v. Texas, 218 S.W.2d 906 (Tex.Civ.App.—Beaumont 1949, writ ref’d n.r.e.) is of no
assistance to Smith. In Gilbert, the court found there was no meeting of the minds and, hence, no contract
where the alleged contracting document was a letter indicating that a certain party had been accepted as a
purchaser of the property but also indicated the property was being offered to another prospective
purchaser and expressed an intent to hold further negotiations. Id. at 941-42.
11
the IS250 and the financing agreement was sent to her husband to co-sign. She further
testified that the documents were not sent to Dr. Smith Ato review but to sign and return
back.@ Scott testified the buyer=s order is the actual sales agreement, not the financing
agreement. He further testified Alderson considered the sale of the car to Smith a Adone
deal@ whether or not Dr. Smith signed off on the sales agreement or financing agreement.
Myatt=s testimony regarding whether Smith bought the car is compatible with the
testimony of Snuggs and Scott.11
Smith accepted Alderson=s offer and undertook to perform the contract as it was
prepared, executed, and delivered. See Centennial Royalty Company v. Byrd & Foster
Drilling, Inc., 464 S.W.2d 420, 422-23 (Tex.Civ.App.BEl Paso 1971, no writ). See also
Krupp Organization v. Belin Communities, Inc., 582 S.W.2d 514, 518-19
(Tex.Civ.App.BHouston [1st Dist.] 1979, writ ref=d n.r.e.). That her husband, Dr. Smith,
was listed as a buyer on upper portions of the buyer=s order form does not prevent a
binding contract to purchase the IS250 from being formed as between Smith and
Alderson unless the parties agreed that Dr. Smith's signature was a prerequisite, or
condition precedent, to the formation of a binding contract.
11
Even if, as Smith suggests, Snuggs=s testimony did conflict with the jury=s finding and/or the
testimony of her co-workers, we must defer to the jury=s determinations regarding the credibility of
witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Golden Eagle Archery, Inc. v. Jackson, 116 S.W.3d
757, 761 (Tex. 2003). A court of appeals cannot Apass upon a witnesses= credibility or substitute its
judgment for that of the jury, even if the evidence would clearly support a different result.@ Maritime
Overseas Corp. v. Ellis, 971 S.W.2d 402, 407 (Tex.), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017, 119 S. Ct. 541, 142
L. Ed. 2d 450 (1998).
12
III. Condition Precedent
Smith asserts there was no meeting of the minds on the sale of the new car
because she Aunderstood@ there could be no contract to purchase the car until her
husband had signed the paperwork and Awas otherwise satisfied with the car.@12 In
essence, Smith contends her husband=s signature and satisfaction were conditions
precedent to the existence of a contract for the purchase of the new car.
A condition precedent may be a condition to the formation of a contract.
Hohenberg Bros. Co. v. George E. Gibbons, 537 S.W.2d 1, 3 (Tex. 1976). See
Progressive County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Trevino, 202 S.W.3d 811, 814-15 (Tex.App.BSan
Antonio 2006, pet. denied). In order to make performance specifically conditional, a term
such as Aif,@ Aprovided that,@ Aon condition that,@ or some similar phrase of conditional
language must normally be included in the contract. Criswell v. European Crossroads
Shopping Center, Ltd., 792 S.W.2d 945, 948 (Tex. 1990). Although there is no
requirement that such phrases be utilized, their absence is probative of an intention that a
promise be made rather than a condition imposed. Hohenberg, 537 S.W.2d at 3. See
Hirschfeld Steel Co. v. Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., 201 S.W.3d 272, 281
12
Smith repeatedly testified at trial that she Aunderstood@ she was signing the paperwork to take the
car for a test drive to New Mexico where her husband could look at the car. Myatt and Snuggs testified
Smith did not tell them she was taking the car to New Mexico for a test drive. Further, the jury=s verdict
indicates they relied on the testimony of Myatt and Snuggs while disregarding Smith=s testimony. It is not
within the province of this court to interfere with the jury=s resolution of conflicts in the evidence or pass on
the weight or credibility of the witness=s testimony. See Benoit v. Wilson, 150 Tex. 273, 239 S.W.2d 792,
797 (1951).
13
(Tex.App.BHouston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.). And, because of their harshness,
conditions precedent are not favored in the law. PAJ, Inc. v. Hanover Ins. Co., 243
S.W.3d 630, 636 (Tex. 2008); Hirshfeld, 201 S.W.3d at 281.
Here, there is no express contractual provision creating any condition precedent
asserted by Smith. 13 Nevertheless, where one party testifies that a contract was
conditioned upon the happening of an event and the other party denies the existence of
such a condition,14 as we have here, the evidence raises an issue of fact to be decided by
the jury. Turboff v. Gertner, Aron & Ledet Investments, 763 S.W.2d 827, 830
(Tex.App.BHouston [14th Dist. 1988, writ denied) (conflicting testimony on issue whether
party=s signature was a condition precedent to a contract raises a fact issue); Perry, 377
S.W.2d at 771.15 Although Smith testified it was her Aunderstanding@ or Aassumption@
there would be no contract until her husband signed the documents or expressed his
satisfaction with the car, there is no evidence of record indicating she voiced her
13
Thus, neither In Re Bunzl USA, Inc., 155 S.W.3d 202 (Tex.App.BEl Paso 2004, no pet.) nor Davis
v. Phillips A. Ryan Lumber Co., 248 S.W. 448 (Tex.Civ.App.BTexarkana 1923, writ dism=d w.o.j.) are of any
assistance to Smith. In Bunzl, the court held that the parties did not intend to be bound until the parties
signed a contract that contained a blank signature block and an express provision requiring all modifications
and amendments to the contract to be in writing and signed by the parties to be effective. Id. at 211.
Here, Alderson signed a handwritten buyer=s order with the same terms as that subsequently signed by
Smith. Moreover, there was no blank signature line for Dr. Smith and the buyer=s order did not contain an
express provision similar to that in Bunzl. In Davis, aside from other distinguishing factors, the contract at
issue there contained express stipulations requiring the assent of all three parties to a contract that was
strictly unilateral. Id. at 450.
14
AIt is generally held that a conditional delivery of a writing may be shown by parol testimony if the
conditional delivery establishes a condition precedent rather than a condition subsequent.@ Perry v. Little,
377 S.W.2d 765, 769 (Tex.Civ.App.BDallas 1964, writ ref=d n.r.e.).
15
See also RSM Production Corporation v. Vintage Petroleum, Inc., No. 14-07-00563-CV, 2008 WL
4657735, *4-6 (Tex.App.BHouston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (not designated for publication).
14
Aunderstanding@ to anyone or that anyone at Alderson agreed with this proposition.
Rather, Myatt, Snuggs, and Scott all testified Smith unconditionally purchased the car.
Thus, even if Smith=s testimony created a conflict in the record, the jury=s verdict on such
matters is generally regarded as conclusive. Montgomery Ward & Co. v. Scharrenbeck,
146 Tex. 153, 204 S.W.2d 508, 511-12 (1947).
In addition to asserting that a sales agreement could not be premised on the
buyer=s orders, Smith also asserts the AMotor Vehicle Retail Installment Sales Contract@
was not a valid sales agreement between Smith and Alderson because the document
was not executed by either Dr. Smith or Alderson. Having already determined that the
buyer's order form is sufficient indicia of an agreement between Smith and Alderson, we
need not decide the enforceability of the MVRISC as further evidence of that agreement.
The jury was asked simply to determine whether ASmith and Alderson Enterprises, L.P.,
enter[ed] into an agreement for the purchase of a 2007 Lexus Model IS250 on April 12,
2007,@ and we find there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support their
determination.16
16
Because the jury=s charge was not challenged or excepted to and there were no special issues
suggested by either party, Awe must conclude that all controversial issues of fact were correctly submitted to
the jury, and the judgment of the trial court forecloses all other issues that should have been submitted.@
Tarlton v. Trezevant & Cochran, 165 S.W.2d 514, 516 (Tex.Civ.App.BDallas 1942, writ ref=d w.o.m.). See
also Tex. R. Civ. P. 272 (AAll objections not so presented shall be considered as waived.@); Tex. R. Civ. P.
273 (proposed jury instructions Ashall be prepared and presented to the court and submitted to opposing
counsel for examination and objection@).
15
Although Smith also asserts there was no contract because she did not read the
documents before she signed them, she does not claim she was tricked or defrauded.
She testified that neither Myatt nor Snuggs were Ahigh-pressure@ or pressured her into a
sale. Further, she spent nearly four hours with the documents in Snuggs=s office while
speaking with her husband on the telephone. As such, she is charged with knowledge of
all the terms of the documents she signed. In re Prudential Ins. Co. of America, 148
S.W.3d 124, 134 (Tex. 2004). See Wee Tots Pediatrics, P.A. v. Morohunfola, 268
S.W.3d 784, 791 (Tex.App.BFort Worth 2008, no pet.). A[P]arties to a contract have an
obligation to protect themselves by reading what they sign.@ Thigpen v. Locke, 363
S.W.2d 247, 253 (Tex. 1963).
Because there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support the jury=s finding that
Smith and Alderson did enter into an agreement for the sale of the IS250, Smith=s single
point of error is overruled.
Conclusion
The trial court=s judgment is affirmed.
Patrick A. Pirtle
Justice
16