Juan Enriquez v. State ( 2011 )

MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-10-00071-CR
Juan ENRIQUEZ,
Appellant
v.
The STATE of Texas,
Appellee
From the 81st Judicial District Court, Karnes County, Texas
Trial Court No. 3862
Honorable Donna S. Rayes, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice
Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice
Delivered and Filed: July 6, 2011
VACATED
This appeal arises from a very unusual procedure pursued by the appellant, Juan
Enriquez, forty-three years after he was convicted of murder, forty-one years after the conviction
was affirmed on appeal, and thirty-seven years after his death penalty punishment was vacated
by the United States Supreme Court and his sentence was commuted to life by Texas’s then
governor. Although Enriquez raises several issues on appeal, we must first determine whether
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the procedure employed was proper and whether the trial court was authorized to sign the
document entitled “Sentence” which is the basis for Enriquez’s appeal.
BACKGROUND
In the underlying case, Enriquez was convicted of murder with malice aforethought and
sentenced to the death penalty on October 19, 1966. See Ex parte Enriquez, 490 S.W.2d 546,
547 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973). On February 14, 1968, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
disposed of Enriquez’s appeal, affirming the trial court’s judgment. Enriquez v. State, 429
S.W.2d 141, 145 (Tex. Crim. App. 1968). On June 29, 1972, the United States Supreme Court
declared the death penalty void and vacated all death penalty sentences. Ex Parte Enriquez, 490
S.W.2d at 547. On August 31, 1972, Enriquez’s death penalty sentence was commuted to life by
the Honorable Preston Smith, Governor of the State of Texas. Id.
On August 20, 2008, Enriquez filed a Motion for Nunc Pro Tunc Pronouncement of
Sentence. In his motion, Enriquez contends the trial court elected not to pronounce a life
sentence in 1972 upon inquiry by another trial court. Enriquez’s motion refers to the trial court’s
authority to grant nunc pro tunc judgments and requests the trial court to “pronounce the
sentence granted to [him] by the Governor of Texas.”
The trial court held a hearing on Enriquez’s motion on November 4, 2009. The trial court
announced on the record that the purpose of the hearing was to rule on Enriquez’s motion. At
the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court made the following verbal pronouncement:
THE COURT: It is the order of this Court that the defendant, Juan Rudy
Enriquez, who has been adjudged guilty of the crime of murder with malice
aforethought in this cause, and whose punishment was assessed by the jury at
death in which punishment has been commuted by the Governor of the State of
Texas to life imprisonment in the Texas Department of Corrections, that Juan
Rudy Enriquez is hereby sentenced to life imprisonment in the Texas Department
of Criminal Justice; the Institutional Division as it is currently called. And the
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Court hereby remands Juan Rudy Enriquez to the custody of the Sheriff of Karnes
County to carry out the terms of this sentence.
The State asked the trial court if it should prepare a formal judgment. The trial judge responded
that she wanted a document entitled “Sentence” prepared. In an effort to clarify this response,
the trial court instructed the State as follows:
THE COURT: But I think two things need to occur. I am granting the
motion for —
THE DEFENDANT: Nunc pro tunc.
THE COURT: — nunc pro tunc as follows —
[PROSECUTOR]: For the sentence.
THE COURT: — and announce the sentence as I did.
The trial court subsequently signed a document entitled “Sentence” in conformity with its verbal
pronouncement in open court.
DISCUSSION
“A judgment nunc pro tunc is the appropriate avenue to make a correction when the
court’s records do not mirror the judgment that was actually rendered.” Collins v. State, 240
S.W.3d 925, 928 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). The purpose of a judgment nunc pro tunc is to
accurately reflect, from the records of the trial court, the judgment that was actually rendered or
pronounced at an earlier time. Id. at 928; see also Johnson v. State, 233 S.W.3d 420, 425 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet. ref’d); Silva v. State, 989 S.W.2d 64, 66 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
1998, pet. ref’d). “Thus, a nunc pro tunc entry may be made to correct a judgment to properly
reflect the actual order, but may not be used to modify or add additional provisions to an order
previously entered.” Ex parte Dickerson, 702 S.W.2d 657, 658 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). “A
judgment nunc pro tunc is improper if it has the effect of making a new or independent order.”
Johnson, 233 S.W.3d at 426. If the written judgment “perfectly matches the judgment
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pronounced in court,” a judgment nunc pro tunc is not the proper remedy. Collins, 240 S.W.3d
at 928.
In this case, the trial court’s original judgment accurately reflected that a jury found
Enriquez guilty of the offense of murder with malice aforethought and assessed the death penalty
as punishment. As a result, the judgment “perfectly matches” the judgment pronounced in open
court. Id. Although Enriquez’s sentence was subsequently commuted by the Governor of Texas,
the trial court’s judgment was required to reflect the judgment that was actually pronounced at
the earlier time. Id. Because the trial court granted a nunc pro tunc that modified the judgment
previously entered, the nunc pro tunc entry was erroneous. Ex parte Dickerson, 702 S.W.2d at
658.
It appears the process in this case became confused based on Enriquez’s insistence that
the trial court was required to pronounce a sentence. Enriquez’s argument relating to the need
for a sentencing procedure following the commutation of a sentence is similar to the arguments
made in Whan v. State, 485 S.W.2d 275 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972), and Stanley v. State, 490
S.W.2d 828 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972). If the commutation of a death penalty sentence required a
new sentence to be pronounced, however, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals would have
remanded the causes in Stanley. Instead, the court rejected the appellants’ contention that a new
trial was required because no procedure existed to validly sentence them. Stanley, 490 S.W.2d at
830.
A commutation of a sentence changes the punishment assessed to a less severe one. Ex
parte Freeman, 486 S.W.2d 556, 557 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972). “[A] commutation does not affect
the judgment, but merely mitigates the punishment which can be given.” Whan, 485 S.W.2d at
277. “The legal effect of a commutation of sentence on the prisoner’s status is as though the
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prisoner’s sentence had originally been assessed at the commuted punishment.” Ex parte
Freeman, 486 S.W.2d at 557. “That being the case, no change in the original judgment is
necessary.” Whan, 485 S.W.2d at 277. Moreover, no additional procedure is required for the
prisoner to be validly sentenced to the commuted sentence. See Stanley, 490 S.W.2d at 830.
CONCLUSION
Because the original judgment “perfectly matched” the judgment pronounced in open
court in the underlying cause and because no additional procedure was necessary for Enriquez to
be validly sentenced to life imprisonment, the trial court erred in granting a nunc pro tunc entry.
Accordingly, the trial court’s “Sentence” is vacated, and the original judgment is reinstated
subject to the Governor’s commutation order.
Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
DO NOT PUBLISH
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