John David Adams v. Starside Custom Builders, LLC , 545 S.W.3d 572 ( 2016 )

AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed June 28, 2016.
Court of Appeals
S In The
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-15-01162-CV
JOHN DAVID ADAMS, Appellant
V.
STARSIDE CUSTOM BUILDERS, LLC, Appellee
On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District Court
Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 416-01104-2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Fillmore, Stoddart, and O’Neill 1
Opinion by Justice Fillmore
Starside Custom Builder, LLC sued John David Adams asserting, among other causes of
action, a claim for defamation. Adams filed a supplemental motion under the Texas Citizens
Participation Act, TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §§ 27.001–.011 (West 2015) (TCPA),
requesting that the trial court dismiss Starside’s defamation claim. The trial court failed to rule
on the supplemental motion within the time period set out in the statute, and the supplemental
motion was denied by operation of law. Id. §§ 27.005(a), 27.008(a). Adams filed this
interlocutory appeal, challenging the denial of the supplemental motion. We conclude Adams
failed to establish the TCPA applies to Starside’s defamation claim and affirm the denial of the
supplemental motion to dismiss.
1
The Hon. Michael J. O’Neill, Justice, Assigned.
Background
Bentley Premier Builders, LLC, which was owned by Sandy Golgart and Phillip
Pourchot, developed and constructed homes in the Normandy Estates subdivision in Plano,
Texas. Adams and his wife own a home in the subdivision. On August 6, 2013, Bentley filed
for bankruptcy protection. Adams and several other homeowners subsequently filed a criminal
complaint against Golgart for signing false “all bills paid” affidavits concerning their homes.
During Bentley’s bankruptcy proceedings, Adams published an internet blog regarding
his experiences with Bentley. The home page of the blog contains an image of Bentley’s website
superimposed with the statement that Bentley had “made life miserable” for builders,
subcontractors, and families. Across the bottom of the page were tabs labeled “unpaid
creditors,” “commingled funds,” “contract fraud/felony investigation,” and “undisclosed felony
conviction.” 2 The blog page invited the reader to contact Golgart’s and Pourchot’s attorneys for
“their rebuttal to these allegations.” The bankruptcy court ultimately confirmed a plan of
reorganization for Bentley proposed by Pourchot. Bentley was then renamed Starside. Pourchot
is Starside’s chief executive officer.
Behind Adams’s home is a creek and a parcel of land owned by Starside and designated
as a “common area” of the subdivision. Adams desired to purchase the common area to provide
more privacy for his family and believed Starside had agreed in principle to sell him the land if
the City approved the “replat.” However, in late 2014, the Normandy Estates Homeowners
Association (the HOA), with funds provided by Starside, began performing landscaping work in
the common area, including the removal of small trees, brush, and undergrowth. Adams and his
wife strongly objected to the landscaping work being done in the common area.
2
Information, if any, that might have been accessed through these tabs is not in the record.
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On March 15, 2015, Dr. Kim Castleberry, the president of the HOA, and his wife, were
marking trees in the common area that were to be removed. Adams sent an email to Starside’s
attorney and a number of text messages to members of the board of the HOA threatening to
shoot anyone who cut down trees in the common area. Pourchot contacted the Plano police
department the following day. The police officer who spoke to Adams told Pourchot that Adams
claimed he owned the common area.
On March 18, 2015, at 10:18 a.m., Starside sent an email to “Normandy Estates Owners”
attaching a letter and “follow up attachments” concerning “an ongoing situation in the
neighborhood.” The information attached to the email is not in the appellate record and the
email does not reveal the recipients. Adams sent a response to the email at 11:36 a.m. that,
although addressed to “HOW [sic] members,” appears to have been sent only to Cindy Warren,
who was an employee of Starside, Pourchot, Castleberry, and Marc Powell, a member of the
board of the HOA. In the response, Adams stated, as relevant to this appeal:
First, I would like to apologize that this had to become public. It is a situation
that frustrates our family very much, but we have tried to keep the rest of the
neighborhood our [sic] of it, and have had no private (other homeowners)
conversations regarding this since the first incident where the HOA clear cut land,
and did not follow city ordinances on tree preservation. . . .
In order to avoid making claims that can not [sic] be substantiated, I will attempt
to just provide verifiable facts. If you are interested in this, you can verify the
facts for yourself, and I think it will give you a clear understanding that the issues
we had with Sandy Golgart have continued on now that Phill is completely in
control. Starside has made claims in their email that they can not [sic]
substantiate. This does not matter to them though.
Adams then set out a recitation of his views about the dispute over the common area.
Starside sued Adams and his wife on March 20, 2015, asserting claims against Adams for
threat of imminent bodily injury and business disparagement. Starside also sought injunctive
relief as well as a declaratory judgment stating that Starside owned the common area. In its
claim for business disparagement, Starside did not set out any specific conduct by Adams that it
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alleged caused it harm, stating generally that Adams had “maliciously made false and
disparaging statements regarding [Starside], about CEO Pourchot’s character and as a business
person.”
Adams moved to dismiss Starside’s business disparagement claim pursuant to the TCPA.
In his motion, Adams alleged that Starside’s business disparagement claim was based on his: (1)
expressed intent to protest Starside’s services at the front entrance of the HOA; (2) expressed
intent to protest Starside’s services in yard signs on his lawn; (3) filing a police report against an
individual affiliated with Starside; (4) allegedly posting a blog about a former business partner of
Pourchot; (5) threatening to send a text message asking for feedback regarding Starside’s
services; and (6) statements to law enforcement after Starside contacted them about the
“communications made the basis of this suit.” Adams asserted that Starside filed the suit to
prevent him “from exercising his constitutional rights of free speech and to petition the
government.” He argued he was entitled to the dismissal of the business disparagement claim
because he had a “constitutional right to voice his opinions regarding [Starside’s] services and
officers of the HOA, of which he is a member,” and had a “privilege and right to interact with
law enforcement, including filing a police report against those individual(s) [he] believes might
have committed a crime.”
Starside filed an amended petition, dropping its claim for business disparagement and
adding a claim for defamation that was based on the homepage of Adams’s 2014 blog and
Adams’s March 18, 2015 email. As to the blog, Starside asserted the page included Golgart’s
and Pourchot’s names and contained a tab entitled “undisclosed felony conviction.” Starside
alleged that, because this tab contained a picture of a man’s handcuffed wrists, it “appears to
say” Pourchot has an undisclosed felony conviction. Starside alleged the March 18, 2015 email
contained the defamatory statements that “the issues we had with Sandy Golgart have continued
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on now that Phill is completely in control,” and “land was cleared without getting the appropriate
permit from the City.” Starside contended these statements were defamatory because they
tended to injure its reputation, impeached its honesty and integrity, and exposed it to contempt,
hatred, and financial injury. Starside also alleged the statements in the March 18, 2015 email
were defamatory per se because they suggested it was guilty of violating City codes and
engaging in felony criminal activity.
Adams filed a three-page supplemental motion to dismiss Starside’s defamation claim.
The supplemental motion incorporated Adams’s original motion to dismiss and briefly addressed
the elements of a claim for defamation. It did not, however, address how the specific statements
relied upon by Starside to support its defamation claim fell within the purview of the TCPA.
The trial court heard Adams’s motion to dismiss on August 5, 2015. The trial court
found that Starside attempted to avoid the motion to dismiss by “nonsuiting [its] claim for
business disparagement in favor of a claim for defamation.” The trial court granted the motion;
dismissed Starside’s business disparagement claim with prejudice; awarded Adams court costs,
attorneys’ fees, and other expenses incurred in defending the claim for business disparagement,
in an amount to be determined at a later date; and ordered Starside should be sanctioned in an
amount, to be determined at a later date, sufficient to deter it from bringing a similar action in the
future.
The trial court heard Adams’s supplemental motion to dismiss on August 14, 2015. The
trial court failed to rule on Adams’s supplemental motion within thirty days of the hearing, and
the supplemental motion was denied by operation of law. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE
ANN. §§ 27.005(a), 27.008(a). Adams’s brought this interlocutory appeal from the denial of his
supplemental motion to dismiss. See id. § 51.014(a)(12) (West Supp. 2015).
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Analysis
Adams contends the trial court erred by denying his supplemental motion to dismiss
because Starside’s defamation claim is subject to the TCPA and Starside failed to present clear
and specific evidence of each element of the claim.
The TCPA’s purpose is “to encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights of persons
to petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the
maximum extent permitted by law and, at the same time, protect the rights of a person to file
meritorious lawsuits for demonstrable injury.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.002;
see also Tervita, LLC v. Sutterfield, 482 S.W.3d 280, 282 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, pet. denied).
To that end, the TCPA provides a procedure for the expedited dismissal of retaliatory lawsuits
that seek to intimidate or silence citizens on matters of public concern. In re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d
579, 586 (Tex. 2015) (orig. proceeding); see also TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.
§ 27.003(a); Andrews Cty. v. Sierra Club, 463 S.W.3d 867, 867 (Tex. 2015) (per curiam)
(“When a plaintiff’s claim implicates a defendant’s valid exercise of First Amendment rights, the
[TCPA] allows the defendant to move for dismissal.”).
To obtain dismissal under the TCPA, the movant bears the initial burden of showing by a
preponderance of the evidence “that the legal action is based on, relates to, or is in response to
the party’s exercise of” a statutorily protected right. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.
§ 27.005(b); see also In re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 586. If the movant carries its initial burden, the
claimant must then establish “by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each essential
element of the claim in question.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(c); see also In
re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 587. But the trial court shall dismiss a legal action against the movant
if the movant “establishes by a preponderance of the evidence each essential element of a valid
defense to the nonmovant’s claim.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.005(d); see also
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Trevita, LLC, 482 S.W.3d at 282. When determining whether a legal action should be dismissed
under the TCPA, the court must consider the pleadings and supporting and opposing affidavits
stating the facts on which the liability or defense is based. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.
§ 27.006(a); D Magazine Partners, L.P. v. Rosenthal, 475 S.W.3d 470, 479 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2015, pet. granted).
We review de novo whether the parties met their burdens of proof under section 27.005.
Levatino v. Apple Tree Café Touring, Inc., No. 05-15-00614-CV, 2016 WL 929221, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Mar. 11, 2016, pet. filed); Serafine v. Blunt 466 S.W.3d 352, 359 (Tex. App.—
Austin 2015, no pet.). In doing so, we focus on the extent to which the factual bases of the
challenged “legal action” constitute “expression” within the statutory definitions of the
“‘exercise of’ the ‘right of free speech,’ ‘right of association,’ or ‘right to petition.’” Sloat v.
Rathbun, No. 03-14-00199-CV, 2015 WL 6830927, at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin Nov. 6, 2015, pet.
filed). We “do not blindly accept” attempts by the movant to characterize the plaintiff’s claims
as implicating protected expression. Id. at *3. Rather, we view the pleadings in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff; i.e., favoring the conclusion that the claims are not predicated on
protected expression. Id. Further, any activities by the movant that are not a factual predicate
for the plaintiff’s claim are not pertinent to the inquiry. Id.
Adams argues he was exercising his right to free speech in both the 2014 blog and the
March 18, 2015 email and, therefore, established his statements are entitled to protection under
the TCPA. For a communication to qualify for protection under the TCPA as the “exercise of
the right of free speech” the communication must be “made in connection with a matter of public
concern.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(3); Lippincott v. Whisenhunt, 462
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S.W.3d 507, 509 (Tex. 2015) (per curiam). 3 A “matter of public concern” includes an issue
related to health or safety; environmental, economic, or community well-being; the government;
a public official or public figure; or a good, product, or service in the marketplace. TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001(7).
Adams asserts the statements on which Starside’s defamation claim are based related to
Starside’s services in the marketplace and, therefore, are protected by the TCPA. 4 However, the
complained-about statements do not mention Starside at all, much less comment on its services
in the marketplace. See Lahijani v. Malifera Partners, LLC, No. 01-14-01025-CV, 2015 WL
6692197, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 3, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (statements
that did not mention service in marketplace did not relate to matter of public concern);
Bacharach v. Garcia, No. 13-14-00693-CV, 2015 WL 5136192, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus
Christi Aug. 31, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“The public-concern argument that [movant] brings
to this Court regarding statements she posted about [a third-party] does not support her motion to
dismiss [plaintiff’s] lawsuit.”). Rather, the statements in the March 18, 2015 email generally
compare Pourchot to Golgart, without explaining the basis for that comparison, and accuse the
HOA, not Starside, of cutting trees in the common area without a permit from the City. The blog
page refers to Bentley, not Starside, and lists Pourchot’s and Golgart’s attorneys as people to
3
A communication “includes the making or submitting of a statement or document in any form or medium, including oral, visual, written,
audiovisual, or electronic.” Id. § 27.001(1). It is undisputed that Adams’s email and blog page constitute communications under the TCPA.
4
Adams contends on appeal that his statements also related to community well-being of the other homeowners in Normandy Estates.
However, in his motion to dismiss, that was incorporated into the supplemental motion, Adams argued only that the TCPA applied because he
had a constitutional right to speak about Starside’s services and to interact with law enforcement. During the hearing on the supplemental motion
to dismiss, Adams stated:
But the definition under 27.001 includes environmental, economic, or community wellbeing. It also includes a good[,]
product or service in the marketplace. And it appears that the cases consistent with the statute says [sic] that this is to be
construed literally [sic], and the cases seem to say that if – if you saw something in the marketplace, your goods or
services, that is a public concern. So that’s how we directly get that into place.
Adams did not argue in either his motion, supplemental motion, or during the hearing that the complained-of statements fell within the TCPA
because they related to the community well-being of the other homeowners in Normandy Estates. Accordingly, he failed to preserve that
argument for appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1); Lahijani v. Melifera Partners, LLC, No. 01-14-01025-CV, 2015 WL 6692197, at *3 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 3, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.); see also Tatum v. Hersh, No. 05-14-01318-CV, 2015 WL 9583494, at *3–4 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Dec. 30, 2015, pet. filed).
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contact for a rebuttal. The blog page does not describe any relationship Pourchot or Golgart had
with Bentley. Further, even considering Starside’s argument that the picture of a man’s
handcuffed wrists on the tab labeled “undisclosed felony conviction” could be construed as
accusing Pourchot of criminal activity, that accusation is directed toward Pourchot, not Starside’s
services in the marketplace.
We conclude Adams failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the
statements forming the basis of Starside’s defamation claim were an exercise of his right to free
speech as defined by the TCPA. See ExxonMobil Pipeline Co. v. Coleman, 464 S.W.3d 841, 846
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, pet. filed) (because communications did not relate to matter of public
concern, movants failed to establish lawsuit was based on exercise of right to free speech); Sloat,
2015 WL 6830927, at *7–8. Because Adams failed to meet his burden to show the TCPA
applies to Starside’s defamation claim, the trial court did not err by denying Adams’s
supplemental motion to dismiss. See Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns of Tex. v. Sheffield,
No. 03-13-00105-CV, 2014 WL 411672, at *5 (Tex. App.—Austin Jan. 31, 2014, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). We resolve Adams’s issue against him and affirm the trial court’s denial of the
supplemental motion. 5
/Robert M. Fillmore/
ROBERT M. FILLMORE
JUSTICE
151162F.P05
5
Because Adams failed to carry his initial burden of establishing the TCPA applies to Starside’s defamation claim, we need not address his
argument that Starside failed to establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each element of the claim. See TEX. R. APP. P.
47.1; Sloat, 2015 WL 6830927, at *8; Combined Law Enforcement Ass’ns of Tex. 2014 WL 411672, at *4–5.
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JOHN DAVID ADAMS, Appellant On Appeal from the 416th Judicial District
Court, Collin County, Texas,
No. 05-15-01162-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. 416-01104-2015.
Opinion delivered by Justice Fillmore,
STARSIDE CUSTOM BUILDERS, LLC, Justices Stoddart and O’Neill participating.
Appellee
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee Starside Custom Builders, LLC recover its costs of this
appeal from appellant John David Adams.
Judgment entered this 28th day of June, 2016.
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