Dana Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health and Baylor Medical Center Waxahachie ( 2022 )

IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-20-00095-CV
DANA FOUST,
Appellant
v.
BAYLOR SCOTT & WHITE HEALTH
AND BAYLOR MEDICAL CENTER WAXAHACHIE,
Appellees
From the 443rd District Court
Ellis County, Texas
Trial Court No. 98134
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In five issues, appellant, Dana Foust, complains about a take-nothing final
judgment in favor of appellees, Baylor Scott & White Health and Baylor Medical Center
Waxahachie (collectively “BSW”). Specifically, Foust contends that: (1) the trial court
erred by overruling her objection to testimony that called for comparison of testimony
and constituted bolstering; (2) the evidence is factually insufficient to support the jury’s
finding that Foust was not subjected to sexual harassment; and (2) the evidence is
factually insufficient to support the jury’s finding that Foust was not subjected to
retaliation for her complaints against co-workers.1 Because we overrule all of Foust’s
issues, we affirm.
Background
On December 1, 2014, BSW hired Foust as a respiratory therapist to work the night
shift. In her original petition, Foust alleged that, beginning in January 2015, she witnessed
coworkers engage in sexually-offensive conduct. Foust purportedly observed numerous
instances of sexual harassment and reported the behavior to various managers at BSW.
On June 16, 2016, BSW terminated Foust’s employment for an alleged continued pattern
of displaying “aggressive or threatening behavior[,] such as physical or verbal
intimidation, unpleasant, rude, discourteous or abusive behaviors toward co-
workers . . . in violation of the personal conduct policy” at BSW.
In response to the termination of her employment at BSW, Foust filed suit against
BSW, asserting sexual-harassment and retaliation claims under the Texas Commission on
Human Rights Act (“TCHRA”). Foust contended that she was sexually harassed, was
not accommodated for her disability, and was terminated for reporting sexual
harassment and requesting accommodation for her disability. BSW filed an original
1 We note that, in her issues presented, Foust indicated that she challenged both the legal and
factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting the jury’s findings on her sexual-harassment and retaliation
claims. However, in the argument section of her brief, Foust does not assert legal-sufficiency challenges to
the evidence supporting the jury’s findings on her sexual-harassment and retaliation claims and, thus, had
abandoned these challenges.
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 2
answer denying the allegations made by Foust and asserting numerous affirmative
defenses. BSW also filed traditional and no-evidence motions for summary judgment,
both of which were denied by the trial court.
The case was tried to a jury. After evaluating the evidence, the jury concluded that
BSW did not subject Foust to a hostile work environment due to harassment based on sex
and that BSW did not discharge Foust for reporting sexual harassment. The jury also
answered in the affirmative that BSW made a good-faith effort to prevent retaliation in
the workplace. Based on their answers to the liability questions, the jury did not answer
any of the damages questions contained in the charge.
Thereafter, in accordance with the jury’s verdict, the trial court signed a take-
nothing final judgment in favor of BSW. Foust filed a motion for new trial, asserting legal
and factual sufficiency challenges to the evidence supporting the jury’s findings. Foust’s
motion for new trial was overruled by operation of law. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(c). This
appeal followed.
Comparison of Testimony and Bolstering
In her first issue, Foust contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it
overruled her objections to the testimony of Jessica Castle, an administrative supervisor
at BSW, regarding whether an email was consistent with other emails describing the same
incident. Foust asserts that this testimony should have been excluded because it called
for an improper comparison, and because it constituted impermissible bolstering.
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 3
At trial, counsel for BSW asked Castle to review Defense Exhibit 28, which was an
email Castle sent to Andrea “Sue” Simmons, Foust’s direct supervisor, regarding an
incident where Foust was alleged to have changed the assignments of the nightshift
respiratory therapists without permission. Castle confirmed that the intent behind the
email was not to terminate Foust, but rather to “mediate the situation to the best of my
ability at the time that it occurred, and then I send the e-mail to make sure that the
management can take care of it afterwards . . . .” Counsel for BSW then asked if Castle’s
e-mail was consistent with e-mails from other respiratory therapists describing the same
incident and characterizing Foust’s behavior as aggressive and defensive. Foust objected
that this question called for speculation and was irrelevant. The trial court overruled
Foust’s objection.
On appeal, Foust challenges this same question as calling for an impermissible
comparison of testimony and bolstering. To preserve error for appellate review, a party’s
argument on appeal must comport with its argument in the trial court. See In re T.B., 594
S.W.3d 773, 782 (Tex. App.—Waco 2019, no pet.) (citing Martin v. Cottonwood Creek
Constr., LLC, 560 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. App.—Waco 2018, no pet.)); see also In re D.E.H.,
301 S.W.3d 825, 829 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. denied). Because the complaint
on appeal does not comport with the objection asserted at trial, Foust’s first issue is not
preserved and is overruled. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a); see also In re T.B., 594 S.W.3d at
782; Martin, 560 S.W.3d at 763; In re D.E.H., 301 S.W.3d at 829.
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 4
Sexual Harassment
In her second issue and third issues, Foust contends that the evidence supporting
the jury’s finding on sexual harassment is factually insufficient and against the great
weight and preponderance of the evidence.2
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In a factual-sufficiency review, we consider all of the evidence in the record in a
neutral light and set aside the jury’s verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming
weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175,
176 (Tex. 1986); see Republic Petroleum v. Dynamic Offshore Res. NS LLC, 474 S.W.3d 424,
433 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015, pet. denied). Jurors are entitled to resolve
inconsistencies in witness testimony, whether those inconsistencies result from the
contradictory accounts of multiple witnesses or from internal contradictions in the
testimony of a single witness. McGalliard v. Kuhlmann, 722 S.W.2d 694, 697 (Tex. 1986);
see Republic Petroleum, 474 S.W.3d at 433.
2 A review of a jury’s verdict for factual sufficiency of the evidence requires an evaluation of
whether the jury’s findings are so against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be
clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986) (“When reviewing a jury verdict to
determine the factual sufficiency of the evidence, the court of appeals must consider and weigh all the
evidence, and should set aside the verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the
evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust.” (citations omitted)). Thus, Foust’s complaints in her second
and third issues are both challenges to the factual sufficiency of the evidence. See id.Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 5
DISCUSSION
Sexual harassment is a form of sex-based discrimination that the TCHRA
prohibits. See Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Clark, 544 S.W.3d 755, 771 (Tex. 2018); see
also B.C. v. Steak N Shake Operations, Inc., 512 S.W.3d 276, 279 (Tex. 2017). Sexual
harassment claims generally take one of two forms: “(1) quid-pro-quo harassment, in
which the harasser demands sexual favors as a condition for granting employment or its
benefits, or (2) harassment that creates a hostile or offensive work environment.” Id. at
806; see Mayfield v. Tarrant Reg’l Water Dist., 467 S.W.3d 706, 712 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2015,
no pet.). Here, Foust alleged sexual harassment based on a hostile work environment.
To prove sexual harassment based on a hostile work environment, the plaintiff
must show (1) she was subjected to unwelcome sexual harassment, (2) she was harassed
because of her sex, (3) the harassment was so severe or pervasive as to alter the conditions
of employment and create a hostile work environment, and (4) some basis for holding the
employer liable. Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist., 544 S.W.3d at 771. For an employer’s
conduct to rise to the level of a hostile work environment, it must by both objectively and
subjectively hostile or abusive; in other words, the work environment must be one that a
reasonable person would find hostile or abusive and one that the victim in fact perceived
it to be. See Tex. Dep’t of Aging & Disability Servs. v. Loya, 491 S.W.3d 920, 926 (Tex. App.—
El Paso 2016, no pet.) (citing Mayfield, 467 S.W.3d at 712-13). In determining objective
hostility or abusiveness, we consider the totality of the circumstances, including the
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 6
frequency and severity of the alleged conduct, whether there were physical threats or
humiliation, and whether the abusive conduct unreasonable interfered with the
employee’s work performance. See Loya, 491 S.W.3d at 926. The plaintiff need not
demonstrate that the conduct caused her “tangible psychological injury”; however, she
must demonstrate that the conduct was more than “merely offensive.” Mayfield, 467
S.W.3d at 713 (noting that “[a]busiveness requires extreme conduct, and takes a middle
path between making actionable conduct that is merely offensive and requiring the
conduct to cause a tangible psychological injury”).
At trial, Foust described instances of curse words used by her coworkers, as well
as the display of a Voodoo doll in the respiratory-therapy office, that offended her.
Additionally, Foust alleged that a respiratory therapist exposed her breasts to her when
talking about how the respiratory therapist’s breasts almost fell out of a V-neck scrub she
was wearing; another respiratory therapist flashed the bottom of her breast to upset
Foust; male and female respiratory therapists grabbed their crotches when Foust was
around; a respiratory therapist brought a vibrator to work; and two male respiratory
therapists rubbed up against Foust’s backside when passing by in a small room to plug
in equipment. Foust also complained that several respiratory therapists spoke about
sexual acts in her presence.
Connie Irvin, a night shift respiratory therapist at BSW from December 2015 to
June 2016, testified that the work environment at BSW was uncomfortable because of
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 7
“sexual innuendos that went on” regarding dating apps that several of the respiratory
therapists used. The only specific instance of potentially sexual conduct that Irvin could
recall was when a female respiratory therapist “was leaning over the back of this
gentleman, and her breasts were kind of rubbing his head, and they were cutting up.
And that made me real uncomfortable.” Irvin admitted on cross-examination that she
was friendly with Foust and that allegations she made in an affidavit regarding
witnessing other harassing events occurred before she was hired by BSW.
Rebecca Skelton worked with Foust as a respiratory therapist and noted that she
observed the usage of cursing directed at coworkers other than Foust. Skelton believed
the language to be offensive, but not sexual in nature. Skelton also recalled that Simmons
addressed the situation. Skelton testified that Foust regularly complained about
coworkers to her, but that Foust never complained about coworkers exposing their
breasts, grabbing their crotches, or talking about sexual acts. Skelton also denied ever
witnessing or engaging in sexually-explicit behavior or conversations in the respiratory-
therapy department.
Kristin Farrell, also a respiratory therapist who worked with Foust, characterized
working with Foust as stressful and emphasized that she “constantly terrorized”
coworkers. Farrell recounted that Foust “was just there to try to see if she can see you
doing anything wrong,” and then complain about it. Farrell acknowledged being
instructed by Simmons to apologize to Foust for using the “B word” in Foust’s presence.
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 8
Farrell denied exposing her breasts and talking about sexual acts, characterizing Foust’s
allegations as “lies.” Later, Farrell did admit that she had heard a respiratory therapist
talk about having sex to Glenn, another respiratory therapist. However, Farrell left the
room because it made her uncomfortable. Farrell denied hearing any other conversations
about sex while at work and seeing anyone touch another in an inappropriate fashion.
Another respiratory therapist, Tricia McDaniel, echoed the testimony of Skelton
and Farrell. McDaniel recalled that Foust continually complained about her workload
and that she was being treated unfairly. McDaniel asserted that Foust made several
changes to the work schedule on her own without permission. McDaniel testified that
Foust would stand in the corner of the office to video and record her coworkers to be
used later in her complaints. With regard to Foust’s allegations of sexual harassment,
McDaniel denied seeing anyone expose their breasts, hearing anyone talk about sexual
acts, and seeing anyone grab their crotch.
Jason Wilton, a respiratory therapist at BSW, noted that he had been called “an
MF” more than once by one respiratory therapist who worked the night shift, but that
issue was resolved and did not continue after a meeting with Simmons and the
respiratory therapist who used the language. Wilton recalled that Foust “said
threatening things” that violated the personal conduct policy of BSW. In June 2015,
Wilton and all the other respiratory therapists in the department had a meeting with BSW
Director of Human Resources John Agent to address issues and devise a plan for moving
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 9
forward. At the conclusion of the meeting, Wilton believed that everybody had a “clean
slate.” Wilton further testified that Foust never told him about, nor did he observe,
respiratory therapists in the department “exposing breasts or grabbing crotches or
somehow engaging in some sort of sexually inappropriate [behavior].”
Furthermore, Chris York, president of BSW; Agent; and Simmons noted that Foust
lodged numerous complaints about her coworkers in the respiratory-therapy
department. However, none of her numerous complaints mentioned any of the sexual
allegations with sufficient specificity to trigger an investigation.
As shown above, a review of the record demonstrates conflicts in the evidence,
which were within the province of the jury to resolve. See O’Connor v. Miller, 127 S.W.3d
249, 254 (Tex. App.—Waco 2003, pet. denied) (noting that it is within the province of the
factfinder to determine the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their
testimony). The jury, as the sole judge of credibility, was entitled to believe BSW’s
witnesses regarding the veracity of Foust’s sexual-harassment claim and the character of
the alleged discriminatory conduct. Therefore, we may not pass upon a witness’s
credibility or substitute our judgment for that of the jury, even if the evidence might
clearly support a different result. See Maritime Overseas Corp. v. Ellis, 971 S.W.2d 402, 407
(Tex. 1998) (citing Pool v. Ford Motor Co., 715 S.W.2d 629, 634 (Tex. 1986)).
Accordingly, based on our review of all the evidence, we conclude that the
evidence supporting the jury’s finding that BSW did not subject Foust to a hostile work
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 10
environment due to harassment based on sex is not so weak or so contrary to the
overwhelming weight of all the evidence that the answer should be set aside. See Cain,
709 S.W.2d at 176. As such, we hold that the evidence is factually sufficient to support
the jury’s finding. We overrule Foust’s second and third issues.
Retaliation
In her fourth and fifth issues, which comprise two pages of her thirty-six page
brief, Foust contends that the evidence supporting the jury’s finding that BSW did not
retaliate against her for reporting sexual harassment is factually insufficient and against
the great weight and preponderance of the evidence.
APPLICABLE LAW
Texas is an at-will employment state. Ritchie v. Rupe, 443 S.W.3d 856, 885 (Tex.
2014). At-will employment allows both employers and employees to “terminate their
relationship at any time for any reason unless they contractually agree otherwise.”
Hillman v. Nueces County, 579 S.W.3d 354, 358 (Tex. 2019) (citing Richie, 443 S.W.3d at 885-
86). However, there are exceptions to at-will employment. See Cont’l Coffee Prods. Co. v.
Cazarez, 937 S.W.2d 444, 453 (Tex. 1996); see also Word v. Wilson N. Jones Reg’l Health Sys.,
No. 05-06-00881-CV, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 6885, at **10-11 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 28,
2007, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Statutes protecting workers from retaliatory discharge are
exceptions to the common law doctrine of employment at will.”).
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 11
One exception to at-will employment is the TCHRA, which prohibits retaliation
against a person who, under the statute, engages in any one of the following protected
activities: “(1) opposes a discriminatory practice; (2) makes or files a charge; (3) files a
complaint; or (4) testifies, assists, or participates in any manner in an investigation,
proceeding, or hearing.” TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 21.055. To establish a prima facie case
of retaliation, an employee must show: (1) she engaged in an activity protected by the
TCHRA; (2) she experienced a material adverse employment action; and (3) a causal link
exists between the protected activity and the adverse action. San Antonio Water Sys. v.
Nicholas, 461 S.W.3d 131, 137 (Tex. 2015); see Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Lara, 625 S.W.3d 46,
58 (Tex. 2021). A retaliation claim is related to, but distinct from, a discrimination claim,
and one may be viable when the other is not. Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist., 544 S.W.3d
at 763-64, 781. Unlike a discrimination claim, a retaliation claim focuses on the
employer’s response to an employee’s protected activity, such as making a discrimination
complaint, rather than on the validity of the underlying discrimination complaint. Id.
Therefore, a plaintiff need not establish that the reported discrimination occurred to
support a claim for retaliation and need only establish that she had a good faith and
reasonable belief that the discrimination occurred when she made her report. See Houston
Methodist San Jacinto Hosp. v. Ford, 483 S.W.3d 588, 592 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2015, pet. denied) (noting that the employee has the burden to “demonstrate a good-faith,
reasonable belief that the underlying discriminatory practice violated the TCHRA”).
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 12
“[O]pposition to a discriminatory practice is a protected activity irrespective of the merits
of the underlying discrimination claim.” City of Waco v. Lopez, 259 S.W.3d 147, 151 (Tex.
2008).
If the employee makes a prima facie case of retaliation, a rebuttable presumption
of discrimination arises, which can alone sustain a discrimination claim. Alamo Heights
Indep. Sch. Dist., 544 S.W.3d at 782. The employer, then “can defeat this presumption
merely by producing evidence of a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons for the
disputed employment action.” Id. “Once rebutted, the presumption disappears, and an
employee lacking direct evidence cannot prove a statutory violation without evidence
that the employer’s stated reason is false and a pretext for discrimination.” Id.
The causation standard for the McDonnell Douglas prima-facie-case element
is not onerous and can be satisfied merely by proving close timing between
the protected activity and the adverse action.[3] However, if the employer
provides evidence of a legitimate reason for the adverse action, under the
federal standard, the employee must prove the adverse action would not
have occurred “but for” the protected activity. The but-for causation
standard is significantly more difficult to prove than prima facie causation.
Id. at 782 (footnotes omitted); see Apache Corp. v. Davis, 627 S.W.3d 324, 335-37 (Tex. 2021).
3Under the framework set forth by the United States Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v.
Green, the plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case of discrimination, which requires a showing that
the plaintiff (1) is a member of a protected group, (2) was qualified for the position at issue, (3) was
discharged or suffered some adverse employment action by the employer, and (4) was replaced by
someone outside his protected group or was treated less favorably that other similarly-situated employees
outside the protected group. 411 U.S. 792, 802, 93 S. Ct. 1817, 36 L. Ed. 2d 668 (1973). Then, the defendant
must offer a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its actions. Berquist v. Wash. Mut. Bank, 500 F.3d 344,
349 (5th Cir. 2007). The burden then shifts back to the plaintiff to rebut the stated reasons and show that
they are merely pretextual. Moss v. BMC Software, Inc., 610 F.3d 917, 922 (5th Cir. 2010).
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 13
The Texas Supreme Court has identified a series of factors that are useful in
analyzing the causal link:
In evaluating but-for causation evidence in retaliation cases, we examine all
of the circumstances, including temporal proximity between the protected
activity and the adverse action, knowledge of the protected activity,
expression of a negative attitude toward the employee’s protected activity,
failure to adhere to relevant established company policies, discriminatory
treatment in comparison to similarly-situated employees, and evidence the
employer’s stated reason is false.
Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist., 544 S.W.3d at 790.
In Apache Corp., the Texas Supreme Court emphasized that the “factors” are not a
replacement for the “but for” causation standard. 627 S.W.3d at 337. Moreover, “[t]he
factors may be more helpful in some cases and less in others. Some of the factors may
actually be a distraction.” Id. at 336. “More importantly, determining but-for causation
cannot be a matter of weighing—or worse, counting—factors that may be helpful in
analyzing circumstantial evidence in some situations. “ Id. at 337. Rather, the focus must
be on whether “but for” the protected activity, the termination would not have occurred
when it did. See id.
DISCUSSION
Without citation to the record, Foust merely mentioned that she “engaged in
protected activity, by opposing from within the workplace the discriminatory sexual
harassment by her coworkers. She made charges within the workplace of sexual
harassment. She participated, to a degree, in the minimal investigation into the matter
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 14
that Baylor undertook.” Foust then alleged, without citation to the record or legal
authority, that she “was fired ‘because of her behavior.’ Her ’behavior’ was inextricably
intertwined with her continuing conduct in reporting sexual harassment in the workplace
when the conduct itself continued.” Foust further contended, without citation to the
record or legal authority, that “it is more than slightly suspicious that Baylor’s decision
to terminate Foust cam [sic] merely a week after Foust retained an attorney.”
The record contains evidence that, on May 18, 2016, Foust changed shifts without
permission and left the hospital without finding a replacement, which caused each of her
patients to require reassessment. Foust was suspended with pay and received a final
written warning for her actions. Foust accepted no responsibility for this incident. Jessica
Castle, an administrative supervisor at BSW, stated that she received word about Foust
changing assignments and thereafter called Foust. Castle recounted the following: “I
called Dana, and she was very upset, defensive, and aggressive. She refused to trade
assignments. By this time, she said she had finished all her treatments and that it wasn’t,
quote, unquote, fair.”
Shortly after this incident, BSW Director of Human Resources John Agent received
a series of e-mails from Foust’s coworkers, describing Foust’s “erratic behavior” and that
the “group suddenly felt threatened.” Indeed, as noted earlier, several of Foust’s
respiratory-therapist coworkers described Foust’s conduct as threatening. Agent
investigated and concluded that Foust,
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 15
exhibited a pattern of disruptive, threatening, and intimidating behavior.
Employees existed in fear of upsetting Dana which would result in some
form of complaint. There are numerous incidents when Dana would be
observed peering around a corner, ease [sic] dropping on conversation, or
creating conflict with employees.
Dana used those observations or moments of conflict to report to
leadership, always leaving her role in the incident out. This added to the
intimidation and created a perception of a threatening environment. For
example, during the shift change[,] she would change the thermostat in the
department from 76 to 88 and watch while the room warmed. Then become
upset later when employees openly became warm and returned the
temperature back to its original setting. She would contact administration
and tell the group that administration will deal with this as well as other
items.
The final incident occurred when she approached an employee on
the day shift and made threats concerning other employees in the
department. Dana remarked “Oh I’m not leaving” and became agitated as
she recapped an event that took place last weekend saying “you wait just
see what happens”. Dana added “that all these things she has been
disciplined for, counseled or accused of is not over” and that “we would
see”.
Dana Foust’s behavior is consistent with the behavior exhibited on
her Final Counseling Form. Dana has attempted to circulate information to
other departments in order [to] gain support and tarnish the department.
Interviews from employees outside the department have revealed that
Dana has selected new employees to converse with and informed those
employees that her manager is a liar, people in her department are mean
and that they will get theirs. In most cases[,] she would get agitated when
the employee walked away or showed no interest. These incidents caused
new employee [sic] to report the incident to their supervisor out of fear.
Employees within respiratory and outside this department are
concerned about their safety. Employees have remarked that Waxahachie
does not have armed police on campus and co-workers consider Dana a
danger to their well-being.
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 16
Given the foregoing, Agent recommended that Foust’s employment be
terminated, and no one involved in the decision disagreed. Simmons, Foust’s direct
supervisor, made the final decision to terminate Foust’s employment and remarked that
Foust was the first person she had fired in the twenty years that she had been supervising
the respiratory-therapy department at BSW. As Agent escorted her from the building,
Foust said to Agent “black devil” or “bye devil.”
Based on our review of the evidence as applied to the factors outlined in Alamo
Heights Independent School District, we conclude that the evidence supporting the jury’s
finding that BSW did not retaliate against her for reporting sexual harassment is not so
weak or so contrary to the overwhelming weight of all the evidence that the answer
should be set aside. See Cain, 709 S.W.2d at 176; see also Alamo Heights Indep. Sch. Dist.,
544 S.W.3d at 790. Accordingly, we hold that the evidence is factually sufficient to
support the jury’s finding. We overrule Foust’s fourth and fifth issues.
Conclusion
Having overruled all of Foust’s issues on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the
trial court.
STEVE SMITH
Justice
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 17
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Johnson,
and Justice Smith
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed November 30, 2022
[CV06]
Foust v. Baylor Scott & White Health, et al. Page 18