City of Harlingen, Texas v. Charles E. Lee , 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 1982 ( 2013 )

NUMBER 13-12-00213-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
CITY OF HARLINGEN, TEXAS, Appellant,
v.
CHARLES E. LEE, Appellee.
On appeal from the 103rd District Court
of Cameron County, Texas.
OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Perkes
Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
By five issues, appellant, the City of Harlingen, appeals from the denial of its plea
to the jurisdiction in a suit brought by appellee, Charles Lee. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. &
REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(7) (West Supp. 2011). We affirm in part and reverse in
part.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant is a home-rule municipality. See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 9.001
(West 2008). In his live petition, appellee alleges in relevant part that, on November 19,
2008, appellant, acting through its City Commission, enacted Ordinance Number 08-65,
which extended its corporate limits through the annexation of 1,039 acres, consisting of
two tracts of land.
Appellee is a qualified voter who resides in the annexed area. On or about May
10, 2010, appellee and others prepared and signed a petition calling for the
disannexation of the two tracts of land. The petition was posted in three public places,
published in a newspaper of general circulation, and presented to appellant through its
City Secretary. On July 22, 2010, appellant, acting through its City Attorney, notified
appellee that it would not deannex the land in question.
Subsequently, on October 5, 2011, the City Commission enacted Ordinance
Number 11-44, which stated in relevant part, that a majority of qualified voters in the
affected area signed a petition calling for disannexation for failure to provide services,
that the petition was submitted to the Elective Commission and the City Secretary, and
that the City did not disannex the area within 60 days after the date of the receipt of the
petition. The ordinance also stated that the land previously annexed by Ordinance
Number 08-65 was thereby disannexed. The disannexation became effective
December 1, 2011. At that time, appellant ceased providing services to residents in the
affected area.
Thereafter, on January 9, 2012, the City Commission enacted Ordinance
Number 12-1, which purported to “repeal and rescind” Ordinance Number 11-44,
effective immediately. Appellant notified residents in the affected area that the land had
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been re-annexed and that appellant would begin providing services effective January
31, 2012.
On February 6, 2012, appellee filed his live petition, asserting five claims for
declaratory relief. Specifically, appellee seeks the following judicial declarations:
(1) the two tracts of land previously annexed by Ordinance Number 08-
65 were disannexed by Ordinance Number 11-44, thus triggering
appellant’s duty, pursuant to Texas Local Government Code
section 43.148, to refund taxes and fees that were collected from,
but not spent directly on, this area;
(2) Ordinance Number 12-1 is void because, among other things,
appellant does not have the authority to rescind and repeal an
ordinance, such as Ordinance Number 11-44, in order to re-annex
an area that was properly disannexed;
(3) appellant violated the requirements of section 43.0562(a) and (b) of
the Texas Local Government Code, requiring negotiations between
the municipality and the property owners of the area proposed for
annexation for the provision of services to the area;
(4) appellant violated the requirements of section 43.0564 of the Texas
Local Government Code, requiring arbitration between the
municipality and the property owners if the parties cannot reach an
agreement for the provision of services to the area; and
(5) appellant violated the requirements of section 43.141 of the Texas
Local Government Code by (a) failing to comply with a service plan
in good faith and (b) failing to disannex the area within 60 days
after receiving the petition to disannex the area, thus establishing
grounds for disannexation pursuant to section 43.141 of the Texas
Local Government Code.
In addition to the foregoing, appellee requests that the trial court enter a final order
disannexing the area in question and prohibiting re-annexation for a period of ten years.
Appellee also requests temporary and permanent injunctive relief: (1) enjoining
appellant from assessing or collecting taxes, fees, or fines for the affected area; and (2)
enjoining appellant from exercising dominion and control over the residences and
landowners in the affected area by way of police, code enforcement, waste collection, or
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fire protection. Appellee also seeks to recover reasonable and necessary attorney’s
fees.
Appellant answered the suit with a general denial. Appellant denies that
appellee’s petition for disannexation was signed by a majority of qualified voters in the
affected area, as alleged by appellee and stated in Ordinance 11-44. In addition,
appellant alleges that appellee failed to establish standing. Appellant also alleges
sovereign immunity as an affirmative defense.
Thereafter, appellant filed a plea to the jurisdiction, arguing that appellee lacked
standing to assert any of the claims set forth in his live petition. Appellant did not attach
any affidavit or other evidence to its plea to the jurisdiction. The trial court denied
appellant’s plea to the jurisdiction, and this appeal ensued.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
A plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea used to defeat a cause of action
without regard to whether the claims asserted have merit. Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v.
Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000). The plea challenges the trial court’s subject
matter jurisdiction. Id.; see Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. Jones, 8 S.W.3d 636, 638 (Tex.
1999). Whether a trial court has subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law that we
review de novo. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex.
2004); Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT-Davy, 74 S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex.
2002).
The plaintiff has the burden to plead facts affirmatively showing that the trial court
has jurisdiction. Tex. Ass'n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 446 (Tex.
1993); City of Fort Worth v. Davidsaver, 320 S.W.3d 467, 473 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2010, no pet.). We construe the pleadings liberally in favor of the pleader, look to the
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pleader’s intent, and accept as true the factual allegations in the pleadings. See
Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226, 228; City of Fort Worth v. Crockett, 142 S.W.3d 550, 552
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied). If a plea to the jurisdiction challenges the
existence of jurisdictional facts, we consider relevant evidence submitted by the parties
when necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues raised, as the trial court is required
to do, even those facts which may implicate the merits of the cause of action. Miranda,
133 S.W.3d at 227; Blue, 34 S.W.3d at 555 (confining evidentiary review to evidence
that is relevant to the jurisdictional issue); see City of Waco v. Kirwan, 298 S.W.3d 618,
622 (Tex. 2009).
A trial court’s review of a plea to the jurisdiction challenging the existence of
jurisdictional facts mirrors that of a traditional motion for summary judgment. Miranda,
133 S.W.3d at 228; see TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). The defendant is required to meet the
summary judgment standard of proof for its assertion that the trial court lacks
jurisdiction; once the defendant meets its burden, the plaintiff is then required to show
that there is a disputed material fact regarding the jurisdictional issue. Miranda, 133
S.W.3d at 228. If the evidence creates a fact question regarding jurisdiction, the trial
court must deny the plea to the jurisdiction and leave its resolution to the fact finder. Id.
at 227–28. On the other hand, if the evidence is undisputed or fails to raise a fact
question on the jurisdictional issue, the trial court rules on the plea to the jurisdiction as
a matter of law. Id. at 228.
III. STANDING TO SUE
“In Texas, the standing doctrine requires a concrete injury to the plaintiff and a
real controversy between the parties that will be resolved by the court.” Heckman v.
Williamson County, 369 S.W.3d 137, 154 (Tex. 2012). Injury is the first element for
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standing. Id. “The plaintiff must be personally injured—he must plead facts
demonstrating that he, himself (rather than a third party or the public at large), suffered
the injury.” Id. at 155. The injury “must be concrete and particularized, actual or
imminent, not hypothetical.” Id. “The second element of the standing test requires that
the plaintiff’s alleged injury be fairly traceable to the defendant’s conduct.” Id. “The
third element of standing requires that the plaintiff’s alleged injury be likely to be
redressed by the requested relief, and the plaintiff must demonstrate standing
separately for each form of relief sought.” Id. (internal citations, quotations omitted).
“To satisfy redressability, the plaintiff need not prove to a mathematical certainty that the
requested relief will remedy his injury—he must simply establish a substantial likelihood
that the requested relief will remedy the alleged injury in fact.” Id. at 155–56. The
standing inquiry “requires careful judicial examination of a complaint’s allegations to
ascertain whether the particular plaintiff is entitled to an adjudication of the particular
claims asserted.” Id. at 156.
IV. DISANNEXATION
In its first issue, appellant argues that appellee has no standing to assert a claim
for disannexation under section 43.141 of the Texas Local Government Code. See TEX.
LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 43.141 (West 2008).
A. Applicable Law
Section 43.141 of the Texas Local Government Code provides for disannexation
because of a municipality’s failure to provide services. See id. In relevant part, section
43.141 provides as follows:
A majority of the qualified voters of an annexed area may petition the
governing body of the municipality to disannex the area if the municipality
fails or refuses to provide services or to cause services to be provided to
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the area within the period specified by Section 43.056 or by the service
plan prepared for the area under that section.
Id. § 43.141(a). The section also provides as follows:
If the governing body fails or refuses to disannex the area within 60 days
after the date of the receipt of the petition, any one or more of the signers
of the petition may bring a cause of action in a district court of the county
in which the area is principally located to request that the area be
disannexed.
Id. § 43.141(b).
B. Discussion
As noted above, in his live petition, appellee alleges that he is a qualified voter in
the annexed area. Appellee also alleges that he signed a petition for disannexation
based on, among other things, appellant’s “failure to comply with a service plan in good
faith.” According to appellee’s live petition, all statutory requirements for disannexation
have been met. Furthermore, appellant failed or refused to disannex the area within 60
days after the receipt of the petition. Based on the foregoing allegations, appellee has
the right, pursuant to section 43.141(b) of the Texas Local Government Code, to bring a
cause of action in district court to request that the area be disannexed. See id.
Appellant did not submit any evidence which would create a fact question regarding
jurisdiction. Therefore, we conclude appellee has standing to sue for disannexation
because he has alleged a distinct injury, traceable to appellant’s conduct, which is likely
to be redressed by the requested relief. See Heckman, 369 S.W.3d at 154–56.
Appellant’s first issue is overruled.
V. RE-ANNEXATION
In its second issue, appellant argues that appellee has no standing to challenge
re-annexation of the affected area by Ordinance Number 12-1.
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A. Applicable Law
“The only proper method for attacking the validity of a city’s annexation of
territory is by quo warranto proceeding, unless the annexation is wholly void.”
Alexander Oil Co. v. Seguin, 825 S.W.2d 434, 436 (Tex. 1991) (emphasis added). “The
purpose of a quo warranto proceeding is to question the right of a person or corporation,
including a municipality, to exercise a public franchise or office.” Id. at 436–37.
“Through quo warranto proceedings, the State acts to protect itself and the good of the
public generally, through the duly chosen agents of the State who have full control of
the proceeding.” Id. at 437 (internal quotations omitted). “Therefore, the State must
bring the action to question irregular use of the delegated annexation authority.” Id.
B. Discussion
As noted above, this case involves three separate ordinances: (1) Ordinance
Number 08-65, annexing the area in question; (2) Ordinance Number 11-44,
disannexing the area in question; and (3) Ordinance Number 12-1, repealing and
rescinding Ordinance Number 11-44. The parties dispute whether Ordinance Number
12-1 had the legal effect of annexing the affected area for a second time. According to
appellee, the area in question was disannexed upon the effective date of Ordinance
Number 11-44. See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 43.142 (West 2008). Once the
disannexation became effective, it was final and the area was no longer within
appellant’s jurisdiction. To re-acquire jurisdiction for purposes of re-annexation,
appellant had to begin new annexation proceedings by issuing the notice required by
section 43.0561(c). See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 43.0561(c) (West 2008);
Alexander Oil, 825 S.W.2d at 438 (holding that municipality’s “jurisdiction was activated
by giving notice required by statute”). According to appellee, this was never done, and
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therefore, any purported re-annexation subsequent to the disannexation is void. See
Alexander Oil, 825 S.W.2d at 438 (holding that “annexation ordinance was within the
power of the municipality to promulgate” “because the City met the minimum notice
posting requirements as a matter of law”).
Appellant argues that the re-annexation is, at most, voidable and not subject to
collateral attack because appellee’s complaints pertain to procedural irregularities. We
disagree. Although there appears to be no dispute that Ordinance Number 12-1 did not
comply with the statutory procedures that must be followed for annexation, the dispute
between the parties concerns more than mere procedural irregularities. Appellee
complains that appellant cannot exercise its annexation power except through an
annexation ordinance. See id. (discussing the power of a municipality to promulgate an
annexation ordinance). According to appellee, Ordinance Number 12-1 is not an
annexation ordinance because it does not purport to annex any land. Appellant, in
contrast, argues that Ordinance Number 12-1 is a re-annexation ordinance because it
indirectly creates the legal effect of re-annexing the area in question by repealing and
rescinding Ordinance Number 11-44.
We note that, in Alexander Oil, the Texas Supreme Court placed the burden on
the municipality to prove that its annexation ordinance was not void. Id. at 437
(“Because this is not a direct attack by quo warranto, the City will be entitled to
summary judgment if it can show as a matter of law that the ordinance is not void.”). In
this case, appellant has not offered any authority to establish that, in addition to its
power to annex and power to disannex, it has a third power to re-annex. We have
reviewed the relevant provisions of the Texas Local Government Code and the case law
interpreting and applying those provisions and have found no authority to establish that
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appellant has a third and distinct power to re-annex. Accordingly, we decline to
recognize re-annexation as a power separate and distinct from annexation.
In sum, the parties dispute whether Ordinance Number 12-1 represents any
exercise, whether valid or invalid, of appellant’s annexation power. If appellee is
correct, any annexation purportedly effectuated by Ordinance Number 12-1 would be
void. Accordingly, we conclude that appellee has standing to challenge Ordinance
Number 12-1.
Appellant’s second issue is overruled.
VI. ORDINANCE NUMBERS 11-44 AND 12-1
In its third issue, appellant argues that appellee has no standing to challenge the
validity of Ordinance Numbers 11-44 and 12-1. We have already concluded that
appellee has standing to challenge the validity of Ordinance Number 12-1. Appellee
does not challenge the validity of Ordinance Number 11-44. On the contrary, appellee
seeks to establish the validity of that ordinance by establishing that Ordinance Number
12-1 is void. The issues are inseparable. Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above,
we conclude that appellee has standing to pursue both claims.
Appellant’s third issue is overruled.
VII. REFUND OF TAXES AND FEES
In its fourth issue, appellant argues that appellee has no standing to request
relief for third parties. In his live petition, appellee seeks an “[a]ward to the landowners
of the area disannexed [of] the amount of money collected by the municipality in
property taxes and fees from those landowners during the period that the area was a
part of the municipality less the amount of money that the municipality spend for direct
benefit of the area during that period.” In his appellate brief, appellee does not dispute
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that he lacks standing to prosecute refund claims on behalf of third parties. Accordingly,
the trial court erred in denying appellant’s plea to the jurisdiction with respect to refund
claims on behalf of third parties.
Appellant’s fourth issue is therefore sustained.
VIII. DECLARATORY RELIEF
In its fifth issue, appellant argues that since appellee has no standing for a
declaratory judgment action, he is not entitled to costs or attorney’s fees under section
37.009 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.
CODE ANN. § 37.009 (West S008). We have concluded that appellee has standing to
bring the causes of action alleged in his live petition.
Appellant’s fifth issue is overruled.
IX. CONCLUSION
The trial court’s order is affirmed in part and reversed in part.
____________________
ROGELIO VALDEZ
Chief Justice
Delivered and filed the
28th day of February, 2013.
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