in Re a Purported Lien or Claim Against Tu Nguyen , 456 S.W.3d 673 ( 2015 )

Affirmed and Opinion filed January 22, 2015.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
NO. 14-14-00021-CV
IN RE A PURPORTED LIEN OR CLAIM AGAINST TU NGUYEN
On Appeal from the 122nd District Court
Galveston County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 13-CV-1538
OPINION
Tu Nguyen appeals from the trial court’s denial of his Amended Motion for
Judicial Review of Documentation or Instruments Purporting to Create a Lien or
Claim, filed pursuant to section 51.903 of the Texas Government Code. In his
motion, Nguyen contended that a deed of trust filed by Relative Lending, LLC in
the property records of Galveston County was fraudulent. In a single issue,
Nguyen asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
On January 2, 2013, the Galveston County Clerk accepted for filing in the
real property records an instrument purporting to be a Deed of Trust (DOT). The
DOT appears to have been made and executed on December 21, 2012, among the
grantor/borrower N Investment Group, LLC, certain listed trustees, and the
beneficiary/lender Relative Lending. In the DOT, N Investment Group “in
consideration of the indebtedness herein recited and the trust herein created,
irrevocably grant[ed] and convey[ed] to Trustee[s], with power of sale” Nguyen’s
property located at 22509 Kennedy Drive, Galveston, Texas 77554. The DOT
purportedly bears Nguyen’s signature as “member” of N Investment Group.
Nguyen filed his amended motion in December 2013, alleging that he did
not sign or ratify the DOT and that the corporate charter of N Investment Group
was in “revocation status” in Nevada since June 2008. The motion concludes that
the DOT was obtained by fraud and is “voidable and not void.” In an attached
affidavit, Nguyen acknowledged that he was the 100 percent owner of N
Investment Group and that he owns the property listed in the DOT. Nguyen
further averred that he “did not consummate and did not ratify/sign[]” the DOT and
that the assertions contained in his motion are true and correct.
The trial court denied Nguyen’s amended motion on January 3, 2014.
Nguyen requested findings of fact and conclusions of law, which the trial court
signed on January 3, 2014. The trial court found the facts as described above.
Additionally, the trial court concluded as follows:
 The documentation/instrument attached to Mr. Nguyen’s Motion is
asserted against real property or an interest in real property; and
 Is provided for by specific state or federal statutes or constitutional
provisions; and
 Is created by implied or express consent or agreement of the
obligor, debtor, or owner of the real property or an interest in the
real property;
 The Court makes no finding (which is beyond the scope of Section
51.903) as to any underlying claims of the parties involved; and
2
 The Court expressly limits the findings of fact and conclusions of
law to the review of the ministerial act of the Clerk accepting and
filing the purported DOT.
This appeal timely followed.
II. ANALYSIS
In a single issue, Nguyen asserts the trial court erred by denying his motion
because the DOT is presumed fraudulent. Whether a document purporting to
create a lien or claim is presumed to be fraudulent under section 51.901 of the
Texas Government Code is a question of law subject to de novo review. Cardenas
v. Wilson, 428 S.W.3d 130, 132 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.)
(citing David Powers Homes, Inc. v. M.L. Rendleman Co., Inc., 355 S.W.3d 327,
335 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.)). Pursuant to section 51.903 of
the Texas Government Code,
[a] person who is the purported debtor or obligor who owns real . . .
property and who has reason to believe that the document purporting
to create a lien or a claim against the real . . . property previously filed
is . . . fraudulent may complete and file with the district clerk a
motion, verified by affidavit . . . that contains, at a minimum the
information in the . . . suggested form.
Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.903(a). As occurred here, a district judge may rule
upon the motion ex parte after reviewing only the documentation or instrument
attached to the motion, without testimonial evidence and without notice of any
kind. Id. § 51.903(c); see also In re Purported Liens or Claims Against Samshi
Homes, L.L.C., 321 S.W.3d 665, 666 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no
pet.).
A document is “presumed” to be fraudulent if:
3
[T]he document or instrument purports to create a lien or assert a
claim against real or personal property or an interest in real or
personal property and:
(A) is not a document or instrument provided for by the constitution
or law of this state or of the United States;
(B) is not created by implied or express consent or agreement of the
obligor, debtor, or the owner of the real or personal property or an
interest in the real or personal property, if required under the laws of
this state, or by implied or express consent or agreement of an agent,
fiduciary, or other representative of that person; or
(C) is not an equitable, constructive, or other lien imposed by a court
with jurisdiction created or established under the constitution or laws
of this state or of the United States.
Id. § 51.901(c)(2). Under this statutory scheme, the court may presume the
document is fraudulent under this section if the court makes one positive and three
negative findings about the subject document. See id.; see also Cardenas, 428
S.W.3d at 132; In re Hai Quang La, 415 S.W.3d 561, 566 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2013, pet. denied). In other words, under this statute, the court first must
affirmatively find that the document purports to create a lien or claim against real
or personal property. Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.901(c)(2). Additionally, to find
the subject document fraudulent, the court must determine that it is not one of the
following three types of legitimate liens or claims: (1) a document or instrument
provided for by state or federal law or constitutional provision; (2) a document or
instrument created by implied or express consent or agreement of the obligor,
debtor, or the owner of the real or personal property; or (3) a document or
instrument imposed by a court as an equitable, constructive, or other lien. See id.
§ 51.901(c)(2)(A)-(C); see also Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 132; Hai Quang La, 415
S.W.3d at 566.
On appeal, Nguyen urges that the DOT was not created by his express
consent or agreement because he established conclusively that he never consented
4
or agreed to consummate or ratify it. Therefore, Nguyen insists that his motion
properly challenged the “legitimacy” of the document. But as noted above, the
DOT contains what appears to be Nguyen’s signature as “member” of N
Investment Group. This signature is notarized. Given the facial conflict, Nguyen
is necessarily asserting that the document is not legitimate because his notarized
signature is forged. Such an assertion is inappropriate in this section 51.901
proceeding to test facial legitimacy. See David Powers Homes, Inc., 355 S.W.3d at
338 (noting that section 51.903 is “part of a statutory scheme to quickly identify
and remove liens and encumbrances that are on their face patently without basis in
recognized law”). The limited nature of the court’s section 51.903 review makes
sense because, as explained above, such proceedings are conducted ex parte,
without any testimonial evidence, and without notice of any kind. See Tex. Gov’t
Code Ann. § 51.903(c). An assertion that a lien has been forged is a “substantive
evidentiary claim” that does not fit within the scope of section 51.903’s expedited
procedures. Cf. Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 133 (“Under the fraudulent lien statute,
the trial court does not rule on the validity of the underlying claim creating the lien
or rule on any substantive evidentiary claim.”); Samshi Homes, 321 S.W.3d at
667–68 & n.5 (explaining that scope of fraudulent lien statute does not include
“substantive evidentiary claims”).
Further, Nguyen has not challenged the trial court’s other legal conclusion:
that the DOT is provided for by specific state or federal statutes or constitutional
provisions. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.903(c)(2). This unchallenged
conclusion supports the trial court’s denial of his motion.
In short, the only challenge to the trial court’s conclusions that Nguyen has
brought is a substantive evidentiary claim that is not appropriate for section
51.903’s expedited procedure. See Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 133; Samshi Homes,
5
321 S.W.3d at 667–68 & n.5. Further, the trial court’s unchallenged conclusion
adequately supports the denial of Nguyen’s motion. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann.
51.901(c); see also Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 132 (court must determine that
document is not one of the three types of legitimate liens or claims enumerated in
section 51.901(c)); Hai Quang La, 415 S.W.3d at 566 (same).
Accordingly, we overrule Nguyen’s sole issue on appeal.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not err in
determining that the DOT is not presumed fraudulent. We therefore affirm the trial
court’s order.
/s/ Sharon McCally
Justice
Panel consists of Justices McCally, Brown, and Wise.
6