in Re a Purported Lien or Claim Against Tu Nguyen ( 2015 )


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  • Affirmed and Opinion filed January 22, 2015.
    In The
    Fourteenth Court of Appeals
    NO. 14-14-00021-CV
    IN RE A PURPORTED LIEN OR CLAIM AGAINST TU NGUYEN
    On Appeal from the 122nd District Court
    Galveston County, Texas
    Trial Court Cause No. 13-CV-1538
    OPINION
    Tu Nguyen appeals from the trial court’s denial of his Amended Motion for
    Judicial Review of Documentation or Instruments Purporting to Create a Lien or
    Claim, filed pursuant to section 51.903 of the Texas Government Code. In his
    motion, Nguyen contended that a deed of trust filed by Relative Lending, LLC in
    the property records of Galveston County was fraudulent.         In a single issue,
    Nguyen asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion. We affirm.
    I.     BACKGROUND
    On January 2, 2013, the Galveston County Clerk accepted for filing in the
    real property records an instrument purporting to be a Deed of Trust (DOT). The
    DOT appears to have been made and executed on December 21, 2012, among the
    grantor/borrower N Investment Group, LLC, certain listed trustees, and the
    beneficiary/lender Relative Lending.      In the DOT, N Investment Group “in
    consideration of the indebtedness herein recited and the trust herein created,
    irrevocably grant[ed] and convey[ed] to Trustee[s], with power of sale” Nguyen’s
    property located at 22509 Kennedy Drive, Galveston, Texas 77554. The DOT
    purportedly bears Nguyen’s signature as “member” of N Investment Group.
    Nguyen filed his amended motion in December 2013, alleging that he did
    not sign or ratify the DOT and that the corporate charter of N Investment Group
    was in “revocation status” in Nevada since June 2008. The motion concludes that
    the DOT was obtained by fraud and is “voidable and not void.” In an attached
    affidavit, Nguyen acknowledged that he was the 100 percent owner of N
    Investment Group and that he owns the property listed in the DOT. Nguyen
    further averred that he “did not consummate and did not ratify/sign[]” the DOT and
    that the assertions contained in his motion are true and correct.
    The trial court denied Nguyen’s amended motion on January 3, 2014.
    Nguyen requested findings of fact and conclusions of law, which the trial court
    signed on January 3, 2014. The trial court found the facts as described above.
    Additionally, the trial court concluded as follows:
     The documentation/instrument attached to Mr. Nguyen’s Motion is
    asserted against real property or an interest in real property; and
     Is provided for by specific state or federal statutes or constitutional
    provisions; and
     Is created by implied or express consent or agreement of the
    obligor, debtor, or owner of the real property or an interest in the
    real property;
     The Court makes no finding (which is beyond the scope of Section
    51.903) as to any underlying claims of the parties involved; and
    2
     The Court expressly limits the findings of fact and conclusions of
    law to the review of the ministerial act of the Clerk accepting and
    filing the purported DOT.
    This appeal timely followed.
    II.    ANALYSIS
    In a single issue, Nguyen asserts the trial court erred by denying his motion
    because the DOT is presumed fraudulent. Whether a document purporting to
    create a lien or claim is presumed to be fraudulent under section 51.901 of the
    Texas Government Code is a question of law subject to de novo review. Cardenas
    v. Wilson, 
    428 S.W.3d 130
    , 132 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.)
    (citing David Powers Homes, Inc. v. M.L. Rendleman Co., Inc., 
    355 S.W.3d 327
    ,
    335 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.)). Pursuant to section 51.903 of
    the Texas Government Code,
    [a] person who is the purported debtor or obligor who owns real . . .
    property and who has reason to believe that the document purporting
    to create a lien or a claim against the real . . . property previously filed
    is . . . fraudulent may complete and file with the district clerk a
    motion, verified by affidavit . . . that contains, at a minimum the
    information in the . . . suggested form.
    Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.903(a). As occurred here, a district judge may rule
    upon the motion ex parte after reviewing only the documentation or instrument
    attached to the motion, without testimonial evidence and without notice of any
    kind. 
    Id. § 51.903(c);
    see also In re Purported Liens or Claims Against Samshi
    Homes, L.L.C., 
    321 S.W.3d 665
    , 666 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no
    pet.).
    A document is “presumed” to be fraudulent if:
    3
    [T]he document or instrument purports to create a lien or assert a
    claim against real or personal property or an interest in real or
    personal property and:
    (A) is not a document or instrument provided for by the constitution
    or law of this state or of the United States;
    (B) is not created by implied or express consent or agreement of the
    obligor, debtor, or the owner of the real or personal property or an
    interest in the real or personal property, if required under the laws of
    this state, or by implied or express consent or agreement of an agent,
    fiduciary, or other representative of that person; or
    (C) is not an equitable, constructive, or other lien imposed by a court
    with jurisdiction created or established under the constitution or laws
    of this state or of the United States.
    
    Id. § 51.901(c)(2).
      Under this statutory scheme, the court may presume the
    document is fraudulent under this section if the court makes one positive and three
    negative findings about the subject document. See id.; see also 
    Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 132
    ; In re Hai Quang La, 
    415 S.W.3d 561
    , 566 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
    2013, pet. denied).    In other words, under this statute, the court first must
    affirmatively find that the document purports to create a lien or claim against real
    or personal property. Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.901(c)(2). Additionally, to find
    the subject document fraudulent, the court must determine that it is not one of the
    following three types of legitimate liens or claims: (1) a document or instrument
    provided for by state or federal law or constitutional provision; (2) a document or
    instrument created by implied or express consent or agreement of the obligor,
    debtor, or the owner of the real or personal property; or (3) a document or
    instrument imposed by a court as an equitable, constructive, or other lien. See 
    id. § 51.901(c)(2)(A)-(C);
    see also 
    Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 132
    ; Hai Quang 
    La, 415 S.W.3d at 566
    .
    On appeal, Nguyen urges that the DOT was not created by his express
    consent or agreement because he established conclusively that he never consented
    4
    or agreed to consummate or ratify it. Therefore, Nguyen insists that his motion
    properly challenged the “legitimacy” of the document. But as noted above, the
    DOT contains what appears to be Nguyen’s signature as “member” of N
    Investment Group. This signature is notarized. Given the facial conflict, Nguyen
    is necessarily asserting that the document is not legitimate because his notarized
    signature is forged. Such an assertion is inappropriate in this section 51.901
    proceeding to test facial legitimacy. See David Powers Homes, 
    Inc., 355 S.W.3d at 338
    (noting that section 51.903 is “part of a statutory scheme to quickly identify
    and remove liens and encumbrances that are on their face patently without basis in
    recognized law”). The limited nature of the court’s section 51.903 review makes
    sense because, as explained above, such proceedings are conducted ex parte,
    without any testimonial evidence, and without notice of any kind. See Tex. Gov’t
    Code Ann. § 51.903(c). An assertion that a lien has been forged is a “substantive
    evidentiary claim” that does not fit within the scope of section 51.903’s expedited
    procedures. Cf. 
    Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 133
    (“Under the fraudulent lien statute,
    the trial court does not rule on the validity of the underlying claim creating the lien
    or rule on any substantive evidentiary claim.”); Samshi 
    Homes, 321 S.W.3d at 667
    –68 & n.5 (explaining that scope of fraudulent lien statute does not include
    “substantive evidentiary claims”).
    Further, Nguyen has not challenged the trial court’s other legal conclusion:
    that the DOT is provided for by specific state or federal statutes or constitutional
    provisions.   See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.903(c)(2).             This unchallenged
    conclusion supports the trial court’s denial of his motion.
    In short, the only challenge to the trial court’s conclusions that Nguyen has
    brought is a substantive evidentiary claim that is not appropriate for section
    51.903’s expedited procedure. See 
    Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 133
    ; Samshi Homes,
    
    5 321 S.W.3d at 667
    –68 & n.5. Further, the trial court’s unchallenged conclusion
    adequately supports the denial of Nguyen’s motion. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann.
    51.901(c); see also 
    Cardenas, 428 S.W.3d at 132
    (court must determine that
    document is not one of the three types of legitimate liens or claims enumerated in
    section 51.901(c)); Hai Quang 
    La, 415 S.W.3d at 566
    (same).
    Accordingly, we overrule Nguyen’s sole issue on appeal.
    III.    CONCLUSION
    For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not err in
    determining that the DOT is not presumed fraudulent. We therefore affirm the trial
    court’s order.
    /s/       Sharon McCally
    Justice
    Panel consists of Justices McCally, Brown, and Wise.
    6
    

Document Info

Docket Number: NO. 14-14-00021-CV

Judges: McCally, McC'Ally, Brown, Wise

Filed Date: 1/23/2015

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 10/19/2024