Michael William Stahmann v. State ( 2020 )

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-19-00213-CR
NO. 03-19-00214-CR
NO. 03-19-00215-CR
Michael William Stahmann, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE 119TH DISTRICT COURT OF RUNNELS COUNTY
NOS. 6700, 6752, & 6774
THE HONORABLE BEN WOODWARD, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In an open plea to the court, appellant Michael William Stahmann pled guilty to
two charges of possession of a controlled substance, methamphetamine, in an amount of less
than one gram, see Tex. Health & Safety Code §§ 481.102(6), 481.115(a), and one charge of
felony driving while intoxicated, see Tex. Penal Code §§ 49.04(a), 49.09(b), that was enhanced
pursuant to the repeat-offender provision of the Penal Code, see id. § 12.42(a). After hearing
evidence, the trial court found appellant guilty of all three offenses and sentenced him to one
year in state jail for each of the drug-possession offenses and to seven years in prison for the
DWI offense.
Appellant’s court-appointed attorney has filed a motion to withdraw supported by
a brief concluding that the appeals are frivolous and without merit. The brief meets the
requirements of Anders v. California by presenting a professional evaluation of the record
demonstrating why there are no arguable grounds to be advanced. See Anders v. California,
386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967); Garner v. State, 300 S.W.3d 763, 766 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); see
also Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 81–82 (1988).
Appellant’s counsel has certified to this Court that she sent copies of the motion
and brief to appellant, advised appellant of his right to examine the appellate record and file a pro
se response, and provided a motion to assist appellant in obtaining the record. See Kelly v. State,
436 S.W.3d 313, 319–20 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014); see also Anders, 386 U.S. at 744. To date,
appellant has not filed a pro se response or requested an extension of time to file a response.
We have conducted an independent review of the record—including the record of
the trial proceedings and appellate counsel’s brief—and find no reversible error. See Anders,
386 U.S. at 744; Garner, 300 S.W.3d at 766; Bledsoe v. State, 178 S.W.3d 824, 826–27 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2005). We agree with counsel that the record presents no arguably meritorious
grounds for review and the appeals are frivolous. Counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted.1
Through our independent review of the record, however, we note that the trial court’s written
judgments of conviction contain non-reversible errors.
1 Appointed counsel certified to this Court that she advised appellant of his right to seek
discretionary review pro se should this Court declare his appeal frivolous. In addition, appellant
was informed of his right to file a pro se petition for discretionary review upon execution of the
Trial Court’s Certification of Defendant’s Right of Appeal. Nevertheless, appointed counsel
must comply with Rule 48.4 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, which mandates that
counsel send appellant a copy of this Court’s opinion and judgment along with notification of his
right to file a pro se petition for discretionary review within five days after this opinion is handed
down. See Tex. R. App. P. 48.4; see In re Schulman, 252 S.W.3d 403, 411 n.35 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2008). The duty to send appellant a copy of this Court’s decision is an informational one,
not a representational one. See In re Schulman, 252 S.W.3d at 411 n.33. It is ministerial in
nature, does not involve legal advice, and exists after this Court has granted counsel’s motion to
withdraw. See id.
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First, the judgments of conviction for possession of a controlled substance in
trial-court cause number 6700 (appellate cause number 03-19-00213-CR) and trial-court cause
number 6752 (appellate cause number 03-19-00214-CR) state that the “Statute for Offense” is
“481.115(b) Health and Safety Code.” This statutory provision establishes that the offense of
possession of a controlled substance is a state jail felony if the amount of the controlled
substance possessed is less than one gram. However, the applicable statutory provisions for the
drug-possession offenses for which appellant was convicted also include section 481.115(a) of
the Health and Safety Code, the statutory provision that defines the offense of possession of a
controlled substance as charged in these cases. Similarly, the judgment of conviction for driving
while intoxicated in trial-court cause number 6774 (appellate cause number 03-19-00215-CR)
states that the “Statute for Offense” is “49.09(b) Penal Code.” This statutory provision
establishes that the offense of driving while intoxicated is elevated to a third-degree felony if the
defendant has twice before been convicted of driving while intoxicated. However, the applicable
statutory provisions for the DWI offense for which appellant was convicted also include
section 49.04(a) of the Penal Code, the statutory provision that defines the offense of driving
while intoxicated.
This Court has authority to modify incorrect judgments when the necessary
information is available to do so. See Tex. R. App. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865 S.W.2d 26,
27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Accordingly, we modify the judgments of conviction for
possession of a controlled substance in trial-court cause number 6700 (appellate cause number
03-19-00213-CR) and trial-court cause number 6752 (appellate cause number 03-19-00214-CR)
to reflect that the “Statute for Offense” is “481.115(a), (b) Health and Safety Code.” We modify
the judgment of conviction for driving while intoxicated in trial-court cause number 6774
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(appellate cause number 03-19-00215-CR) to reflect that the “Statute for Offense” is “49.04(a),
49.09(b) Penal Code.”
In addition, although the trial court’s judgments of conviction do not order
appellant to pay attorney’s fees for his court-appointed counsel, the incorporated bills of costs
each include $750 in court-appointed attorney’s fees. See Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.3d 759,
767 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (concluding that court-appointed attorney’s fees set forth in certified
bill of costs are effective, whether or not orally pronounced and whether or not incorporated in
written judgment). A trial court’s authority to order a defendant to repay the cost of
court-appointed legal counsel is expressly conditioned on the court determining that the
defendant has the financial resources and ability to pay. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 26.05(g);
see Cates v. State, 402 S.W.3d 250, 251 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (observing that “the defendant’s
financial resources and ability to pay are explicit critical elements in the trial court’s
determination of the propriety of ordering reimbursement of costs and fees [of legal services
provided]” (quoting Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 556 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010))).
The record in each of these cases reflects that the trial court found appellant
indigent and appointed counsel to represent him prior to trial and again on appeal. Because the
trial court found appellant indigent, he is presumed to remain indigent absent proof of a material
change in his circumstances. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 26.04(p); Mayer, 309 S.W.3d at
557. Nothing in the records here indicates a change in appellant’s financial circumstances.
Further, the records contain no determination by the trial court that appellant has the ability to
pay attorney’s fees, and we find no factual basis in the records to support such a determination.
Therefore, it was error to assess attorney’s fees against appellant for court-appointed counsel.
Accordingly, we modify each judgment of conviction to delete the reference to the bill of costs
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as to the “Court Appt Attorney” fee and to delete the $750 attributed to court-appointed
attorney’s fees from the bills of costs. See Cates, 402 S.W.3d at 252 (explaining that proper
remedy for improperly imposed court-appointed attorney’s fees is to reform judgment by
deleting court-appointed attorney’s fees from order assessing court costs); see, e.g., Viator
v. State, No. 03-18-00728-CR, 2019 WL 2127890, at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin May 16, 2019, no
pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (modifying judgment by deleting attorney’s fees
from bill of costs before affirming conviction in frivolous appeal under Anders).
Finally, each judgment of conviction imposes “Court Costs” by referring to an
attached “Bill of Cost,” which lists court costs that appellant is required to pay under the Code of
Criminal Procedure, the Government Code, or the Local Government Code. In trial-court cause
number 6700 (appellate cause number 03-19-00213-CR), the record contains a certified bill of
costs listing fifteen costs and fees that total $334.00.2 In trial-court cause number 6752
(appellate cause number 03-19-00214-CR), the record contains a certified bill of costs listing
sixteen costs and fees that total $409. In trial-court cause number 6774 (appellate cause number
03-19-00215-CR), the record contains a certified bill of costs listing thirteen costs and fees that
total $259. Thirteen of the costs and fees assessed in the three bills of costs are identical.3 In
2 Because we have already addressed the imposition of court costs for court-appointed
attorney’s fees in the bills of costs, we do not include those costs in our analysis here.
3 All three bills of costs assess the following identical costs and fees: “District Clerk,”
see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 102.005(a) (mandating $40 fee “for the services of the clerk of the
court”); “State Fee,” see Tex. Loc. Gov’t Code § 133.102(a)(1) (mandating $133 in court cost
“on conviction of a felony”); “Records Mgt/Pres Fee,” see Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
art. 102.005(f)(1) (mandating $22.50 fee for records management and preservation in various
county offices); “Records Management Fee,” see id. art. 102.005(f)(2) (mandating $2.50 fee for
records management and preservation services performed by clerk of court); “County & District
Technology,” see id. art. 102.0169 (mandating $4 court technology fee); “Court Security Fee,”
see id. art. 102.017(a) (mandating $5 security fee); “Jury Reimbursement Fee,” see id.
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addition, the two bills of costs in the drug-possession cases contain an additional identical fee.4
However, article 102.073 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that when a defendant is
convicted of two or more offenses in a single criminal action, the trial court “may assess each
court cost or fee only once against the defendant.” Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 102.073(a)
(emphasis added). Here, the record demonstrates that appellant was convicted of all three
offenses in a single bench trial. Thus, since appellant was convicted of all three offenses in a
single criminal action, the trial court could order payment of each court cost only once. See id.
When a trial court erroneously assesses court costs for multiple convictions tried
in a single proceeding, we retain the court costs for the offense of the highest category. See Tex.
Code Crim. Proc. art. 102.073(b); Valdez v. State, No. 03-16-00811-CR, 2017 WL 4478233, at
*4 (Tex. App.—Austin Oct. 6, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication). Here,
the drug-possession offenses are state jail felonies and the DWI offense is a third-degree felony.
We therefore retain the court costs associated with appellant’s judgment of conviction for driving
while intoxicated in trial-court cause number 6774 (appellate cause number 03-19-00215-CR).
In trial-court cause number 6700 (appellate cause number 03-19-00213-CR) and trial-court cause
art. 102.0045 (mandating $4 fee to reimburse counties for cost of juror services); “Judicial
Support” fees, see Tex. Loc. Gov’t Code § 133.105(a) (mandating $6 fee “to be used for court-
related purposes for the support of the judiciary”); “Indigent Defense Fee,” see id. § 133.107(a)
(mandating $2 fee “to be used to fund indigent defense representation”); “Notice to Appear,” see
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 102.011(a)(1) (mandating $5 fee for peace-officer services related to
issuing written notice to appear in court); “Taking/Approving Bond,” see id. art. 102.011(a)(5)
(mandating $10 fee for peace-officer services related to taking and approving bond); and “Time
Payment Fee,” see Tex. Loc. Gov’t Code § 133.103 (mandating $25 fee if convicted person pays
any part of fine, court costs, or restitution “on or after the 31st day after the date” on which
judgment assessing such fine, court costs, or restitution is entered).
4 The bills of costs referenced in the drug-possession judgments include an identical
court cost for “Drug Court Fee,” see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 102.0178(a)(2) (mandating $60
fee on conviction for offense punishable under Chapter 481 of the Health and Safety Code).
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number 6752 (appellate cause number 03-19-00214-CR), we modify the trial court’s judgment of
conviction and the incorporated bill of costs to delete the following duplicated court costs:
“District Clerk,” “State Fee,” “Records Mgt/Pres Fee,” “Records Management Fee,” “County &
District Technology Fund,” “Court Security Fee,” “Jury Reimbursement Fee,” “Judicial
Support” fees, “Indigent Defense Fee,” “Notice to Appear,” “Taking/Approving Bond,” and
“Time Payment Fee.” In addition, in trial-court cause number 6752 (appellate cause
number 03-19-00214-CR), we further modify the trial court’s judgment of conviction
and the incorporated bill of costs to delete the “Drug Court Fee.” See e.g., Williams v. State,
495 S.W.3d 583, 590 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2016, pet. dism’d, improvidently granted)
(holding that “court costs should be based on lowest cause number” when multiple convictions
tried in single criminal action “are the same category of offense and the costs are all the same”).
Modified as described above, the trial court’s judgments of conviction
are affirmed.
__________________________________________
Edward Smith, Justice
Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Triana and Smith
03-19-00213-CR: Modified and, as Modified, Affirmed
03-19-00214-CR: Modified and, as Modified, Affirmed
03-19-00215-CR: Modified and, as Modified, Affirmed
Filed: January 23, 2020
Do Not Publish
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