Nathan Victor Atkins v. State ( 2018 )

In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
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NO. 09-17-00420-CR
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NATHAN VICTOR ATKINS, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
__________________________________________________________________
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 16-25973
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MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury convicted appellant Nathan Victor Atkins of indecency with a child
and assessed punishment at twenty years of confinement. 1 In five appellate issues,
Atkins challenges the trial court’s jurisdiction, the admission of the victim’s outcry
pursuant to article 38.072 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure and Rule
801(e)(1)(B) of the Texas Rules of Evidence, and the exclusion of evidence
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Atkins was indicted for continuous sexual abuse of a child, but the jury found
him guilty of the lesser included offense of indecency with a child.
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regarding CPS’s investigation of the incident and a law enforcement officer’s
opinion concerning the viability of prosecuting Atkins. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
The victim, S.S., testified that her mother began seeing Atkins when S.S. was
six or seven years old. 2 According to S.S., Atkins sexually abused and molested her
for approximately five to six years. S.S. testified that Atkins put his hand down her
pants “where it was skin to skin contact” and rubbed his hand on the outside of her
genitals. S.S. explained that the abuse usually occurred on the couch in the living
room of her home, where Atkins would lie down covered with a blanket. S.S.
testified that the abuse occurred “a couple of times a week[]” until she was eleven
or twelve years old.
Over defense counsel’s objection, the trial court allowed S.S. to testify that
when she was ten or eleven years old, Atkins lifted her shirt, looked at her breasts,
and kissed her breasts. S.S. testified that when she realized how wrong the abuse
was, she feared that it would hurt her mother, so she delayed making an outcry. S.S.
explained that while she was attending a church convention in the summer of 2016,
when she was fifteen years old, a speaker encouraged any victims of abuse to tell
2
During cross-examination, S.S. testified that it “may have been” mentioned
to her later that she was eight years old when her mother met Atkins.
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someone, and she decided to do so. S.S. explained that her outcry to youth minister
Matthew Champagne at the conference was the first time she told anyone over the
age of eighteen about the abuse. S.S. then met with a priest regarding the abuse, and
the priest informed her that he was required to inform Child Protective Services
(“CPS”). When S.S. got home from the conference, she reported the abuse to her
mother and father.
Over defense counsel’s objection and after conducting a hearing, the trial
court permitted Champagne to testify as an outcry witness under article 38.072 of
the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure and as an exception to the hearsay rule. The
trial court also determined that under Rule 403 of the Texas Rules of Evidence, the
probative value of the testimony was not “substantially outweighed by its prejudicial
effect.” Champagne then testified that S.S. told him she had been abused.
Champagne explained that he immediately contacted the female head youth
minister, and Champagne related that S.S. said “she was touched inappropriately in
places where a 6-year-old should not be touched, I believe, were her exact words.”
According to Champagne, S.S. stated that the abuse had continued until she was
approximately twelve years old, when she understood that she should not be touched
that way. Champagne testified that S.S. had identified the perpetrator as her
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stepfather, Atkins. Champagne explained that he and the head youth minister
contacted the priest, and Champagne contacted CPS.
L.S., S.S.’s mother, testified that when S.S. returned from the retreat, L.S. met
S.S. and the priest at the church. According to L.S., when S.S. left the church, L.S.
called Atkins and told him that he needed to come to the church office. L.S. testified
that when Atkins arrived, she asked him if he had touched S.S. inappropriately, he
responded, “‘Yes. I’m so glad it’s out.’” L.S. also testified that she recalled seeing
Atkins and S.S. sitting on a couch underneath a blanket. When defense counsel
began to ask L.S. whether she received a letter from CPS that changed the
designation of the case regarding S.S. from “unable to determine[,]” the prosecutor
objected that the letter to which defense counsel referred had not been admitted into
evidence, and the trial court sustained the objection. When defense counsel
attempted to tender the letter into evidence, the trial court sustained the prosecutor’s
objection that the document had not been properly authenticated. The trial judge
stated, “it’s not admitted because . . . the foundation properly under the law has not
been laid for it and it’s a product of hearsay and there has to be an exception to the
hearsay rule because she’s not the one who authored it.”
Defense counsel then began to ask L.S. whether she received a letter or “two
different letters” from CPS, and the trial judge again sustained the prosecutor’s
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hearsay objection. The trial judge explained that the fact that the witness received a
letter is not hearsay, but questioning regarding the wording in the letter “is
inadmissible unless the foundation is properly laid[.]” The trial judge stated,
“anything inferring what was in the letter[s], including a disparity between them,
jumps right into a product of a hearsay.” Defense counsel then passed the witness.
S.S.’s priest testified that Atkins told him, “it only happened once, and it was
when he was under the influence of medication. He had fallen at work; and it was a
curiosity thing, he said.” The priest explained, “I had the impression that he had
touched her. He didn’t say that[,] but he said it only happened once and he didn’t go
into detail.” S.S.’s priest testified, “I don’t think there was any ambiguity about what
the accusation was[,]” and he explained that he believed Atkins was saying that the
abuse occurred because of S.S.’s curiosity. The priest explained that Atkins did not
explicitly state that he had inappropriately touched S.S., but Atkins did state that
something happened.
Detective John Hudson of the Groves Police Department testified that after
receiving a referral from CPS, he interviewed S.S. when she was fifteen years old.
Hudson explained that delayed outcry is “pretty normal” and can be due to several
factors. Hudson contacted several witnesses and obtained their statements. During
cross-examination, defense counsel began to ask Hudson whether, before submitting
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the case to the district attorney’s office, he ever “expressed any doubt[.]” The
prosecutor interrupted defense counsel’s cross-examination with a relevancy
objection, and the trial judge sustained the objection and stated, “[i]t’s for the jury
to decide, and we’re not going to invade their domain with opinions by others.”
Defense counsel then passed the witness.
After the State rested, Atkins testified that he had never been under a blanket
with S.S. Atkins denied raising S.S.’s shirt and commenting about her breasts, and
he testified that S.S. would raise her shirt to try to get his attention as “a curiosity
thing[]” on S.S.’s part. In addition, Atkins denied saying “Yes, and I’m glad it’s
finally out” or anything similar when L.S. confronted him at the church. Atkins also
denied saying that a curiosity-type incident happened when he was under the
influence of medication. Atkins testified that S.S. looked under the sheets when he
was in bed and tried to walk into the bathroom when he was in the shower. During
cross-examination, Atkins testified that although he does not have children, he met
S.S.’s mother on a website called singleparentmeet.com. According to Atkins, S.S.,
L.S., and the priest are lying. The defense rested at the end of Atkins’s testimony.
ISSUE FIVE
In issue five, which we address first, Atkins argues that the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to convict him for indecency with a child “due to the State’s failure to
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properly amend the indictment to allege that offense.” Specifically, Atkins argues
that in response to his motion to quash, in which he asserted that the indictment was
deficient because it merely alleged indecency as a predicate act to the indicated
offense of continuous sexual abuse of a young child, the trial court granted the
State’s motion to amend the indictment. According to Atkins, the appellate record
does not reflect that the indictment was amended, either on the original indictment
or a photocopy thereof.
As the State points out, after Atkins filed his brief, a supplemental clerk’s
record was filed which indicates that the amendments requested in the State’s motion
to amend the indictment were, in fact, handwritten onto the face of the indictment.
The supplemental record shows that the indictment was amended to allege that
Atkins touched the genitals of S.S. with the intent to arouse or gratify his sexual
desire under section 21.11(a)(1) of the Texas Penal Code. In his reply brief, Atkins
concedes that “the supplemental clerk’s record undermines the viability of his fifth
point of error.”
We conclude that the trial court had jurisdiction because the amended
indictment properly alleges the lesser-included offense of indecency with a child.
See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 28.10 (West 2006) (setting forth circumstances
under which an indictment may be amended); see also Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
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21.11(a)(1) (West Supp. 2017) (stating the elements of the offense of indecency with
a child). 3 Accordingly, we overrule issue five.
ISSUES ONE AND TWO
In issue one, Atkins contends the trial court abused its discretion by admitting
S.S.’s outcry under article 38.072 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, and in
issue two, Atkins argues the trial court abused its discretion by admitting S.S.’s
outcry under Rule 801(e)(1)(B) of the Texas Rules of Evidence. We review the
admission of outcry evidence under an abuse of discretion standard. Garcia v. State,
792 S.W.2d 88, 92 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). A party may claim error as to a ruling
to admit or exclude evidence only if the error affects a substantial right of the party.
Tex. R. Evid. 103(a); see Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b). “The testimony of a child victim
alone is sufficient to support a conviction for indecency with a child.” Navarro v.
State, 241 S.W.3d 77, 81 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d).
Assuming without deciding that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting the
complained-of testimony, we cannot say that the error affected Atkin’s substantial
rights. S.S. testified regarding the details of the charged offense. “‘[O]utcry’
testimony is necessarily cumulative of a complainant’s testimony.” Cordero v. State,
3
Because the amendments to section 21.11 do not materially affect the
outcome of this appeal, we cite to the current version of the statute.
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444 S.W.3d 812, 820 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2014, pet. ref’d) (quoting Shelby v.
State, 819 S.W.2d 544, 551 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991)). In addition to S.S.’s testimony
alone, which was sufficient to support Atkins’s conviction even without the
complained-of outcry evidence, the jury also heard the priest testify regarding
admissions made by Atkins. See Motilla v. State, 78 S.W.3d 352, 358 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2002); Navarro, 241 S.W.3d at 81. We conclude that any error in admission of
the complained-of outcry testimony did not affect Atkins’s substantial rights. See
Tex. R. Evid. 103(a); see Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b). Accordingly, we overrule issues
one and two.
ISSUES THREE AND FOUR
In issue three, Atkins complains of the trial court’s exclusion of evidence
regarding CPS’s investigation of the incident, and in issue four, Atkins challenges
the trial court’s exclusion of evidence regarding a law enforcement officer’s opinion
concerning the viability of prosecuting Atkins. We address issues three and four
together.
We review the trial court’s rulings excluding evidence for abuse of discretion.
Carrasco v. State, 154 S.W.3d 127, 129 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). We will not
overturn the trial court’s evidentiary ruling if it is correct under any applicable theory
of law. See Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). To
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demonstrate error, an appellant must demonstrate that the ruling “was so clearly
wrong as to lie outside the zone within which reasonable people might disagree.”
Taylor v. State, 268 S.W.3d 571, 579 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). In addition, as
discussed above, a party may claim error as to a ruling excluding evidence only if
the error affects a substantial right of the party. Tex. R. Evid. 103(a); see Tex. R.
App. P. 44.2(b).
In his brief, Atkins asserts that letters regarding the outcome of the CPS
investigation were admissible under the rule of optional completeness because the
State allegedly emphasized the CPS investigation at trial, and he contends that
evidence regarding Hudson’s opinion of the viability of prosecuting Atkins was
admissible and would not have invaded the province of the jury. As discussed above,
during the testimony of L.S., Atkins sought to introduce letters from CPS regarding
CPS’s investigation. Defense counsel did not properly authenticate the letters, nor
did he demonstrate that an exception to the hearsay rule permitted the introduction
of the letters into evidence. See Tex. R. Evid. 801, 901, 902. With respect to evidence
regarding Hudson’s opinion, defense counsel never completed his question to
Hudson to indicate what information counsel sought to elicit. Defense counsel did
not inform the court of the substance of the evidence by an offer of proof, and the
substance was not apparent from the context. See Tex. R. Evid. 103(a)(2) (providing
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that when a party complains of a ruling excluding evidence, the party must inform
the court of the substance of the evidence by an offer of proof unless the substance
was apparent from the context). Furthermore, we conclude that even if a proper
record had been made regarding the substance of the testimony Atkins sought to
elicit from Hudson, it was not admissible. See Tex. R. Evid. 701 (providing that a
lay witness may only offer opinion that is rationally based on his perception and is
helpful to understanding his testimony or determining a fact in issue); Boyde v. State,
513 S.W.2d 588, 590 (Tex. Crim. App. 1974) (holding that no witness is competent
to state an opinion regarding the guilt or innocence of the accused).
We conclude that the trial court did not err by excluding evidence regarding
letters from CPS and Hudson’s opinion about Atkins’s guilt or innocence, but even
if the trial court had erred by excluding this evidence, Atkins has not demonstrated
that his substantial rights were affected. See Tex. R. Evid. 103(a); Tex. R. App. P.
44.2(b). For all these reasons, we overrule issues three and four. Having overruled
each of Atkins’s appellate issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
AFFIRMED.
______________________________
STEVE McKEITHEN
Chief Justice
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Submitted on September 4, 2018
Opinion Delivered October 17, 2018
Do Not Publish
Before McKeithen, C.J., Horton and Johnson, JJ.
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