Reuben Colbert v. State ( 2012 )

Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed December 20, 2012.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
NO. 14-11-00573-CR
REUBEN COLBERT, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 232nd District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1264286
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Reuben Colbert appeals his conviction for aggravated sexual assault of
a child, challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction and
asserting harm and violation of his due-process rights through the admission of allegedly
improper impeachment testimony offered by the State against its own witness. We
affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Appellant was charged by indictment with the offense of aggravated sexual assault
of a child, Sara,1 a twelve-year-old girl. Sara told her mother that appellant, an adult, had
sexual intercourse with her at a relative’s home as friends and family members were
helping the relative move to a new home. Sara’s mother notified authorities.
Investigating officers referred Sara to the Children’s Assessment Center, where Sara
underwent a sexual-assault examination and talked with counselors about the incident.
Appellant pleaded “not guilty” to the charged offense.
At trial, Sara testified that during the summer of 2009, she, appellant, and others
were helping a relative move into a new home. According to Sara, during the move,
appellant spoke with her and inquired about her virginity. Sara claimed to have been
attracted to him, and eventually the two laid next to each other in a bedroom while the
move took place. According to Sara, other minors, including her sister, were asleep in
the same room at the time. Sara testified that she and appellant began to kiss after first
“cuddling” together and chatting on the bedroom floor. Sara testified that she straddled
appellant and began to “grind” on him; the two then disrobed and continued kissing as
appellant retrieved a condom. Sara testified that appellant had sexual intercourse with
her while she straddled him for nearly five minutes. She testified that appellant placed
his penis inside of her “private area,” which she described as her female sexual organ,
and she moved her body up and down.
Sara testified that the conduct occurred while the others in the room were sleeping,
and the conduct ceased when Sara’s sister awoke; Sara pretended to be asleep when her
sister called for her. Sara claimed that she and appellant got dressed after Sara’s sister
1
To protect the privacy of the complainant in this case, we identify her by a pseudonym, “Sara.”
2
left the room. When family members asked Sara about the incident in the weeks to
follow, Sara at first denied having engaged in sexual intercourse with appellant. Sara
later told her mother and an aunt that, during the move, she and appellant had sexual
intercourse.
At trial, Matt,2 appellant’s nephew and also Sara’s fifteen-year-old cousin,
testified that he also helped the relative move. According to Matt, through a crack in a
bedroom door, he was able to observe Sara and appellant together on the floor in a
bedroom. Although Matt testified that he observed Sara, wearing a sports bra, on top of
the appellant, Matt denied having seen the two engage in sexual conduct. When asked
about prior statements that he had made to investigators and other adults following the
incident, Matt denied having expressed any belief that appellant and Sara had engaged in
sexual intercourse. Matt reported to investigators that Sara had a condom in her hand on
the morning after the move, but Matt testified at trial that the condom was unopened and
appellant was no longer at the home at that time. Matt admitted to being related to both
Sara and appellant, and denied that family members pressured him to avoid testifying in
the case.
The State called Mark,3 Matt’s father, to testify for the purpose of impeaching
Matt’s testimony. According to Mark, Matt stated that he had observed Sara and
appellant engaging in sexual intercourse during the move. Mark testified that he
accompanied Matt to an interview with prosecutors related to the underlying case. Mark
confirmed that during the interview Matt told prosecutors that Sara was not wearing a
shirt and that he observed Sara on top of appellant. Mark confirmed that in the interview
Matt explained to the prosecutors that Sara and appellant were under covers and that he
observed the covers moving up and down. Mark confirmed that Matt told prosecutors he
believed the two were engaging in sexual intercourse because the covers slid off of Sara
2
To protect the privacy of the juvenile witness in this case, we identify him by a pseudonym,
“Matt.”
3
Mark is a pseudonym for Matt’s father.
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and he saw her moving up and down on top of appellant. Mark confirmed that Matt told
prosecutors that he found condom packages the next morning and believed that Sara and
appellant had engaged in sexual intercourse. Mark confirmed that Matt told prosecutors
that he had been getting a lot of pressure from his mother, appellant’s sister, to change his
“story.”
The investigating officer also testified and had taken statements from Sara and
Sara’s mother. A video recording of Sara’s interview with the investigating officer was
admitted into evidence. As reflected in the video, Sara told the investigating officer that
she had engaged in sexual intercourse with appellant, describing the sexual conduct with
specific detail. The investigating officer also spoke with Matt, who claimed to have
observed appellant and Sara engaging in sexual intercourse. According to the
investigating officer, Matt’s observations and account were consistent with Sara’s
account of the incident.
The doctor who conducted the sexual-assault examination of Sara also testified
and recalled Sara’s admission that she had engaged in sexual intercourse with appellant.
Sara explained to the doctor that appellant placed his “private” in her “private area” and
that appellant wore a condom. The doctor testified that she examined Sara about four
weeks after the incident occurred and that because of the time that had passed, the results
from the physical exam were not a basis to either rule out or confirm the possibility of
sexual abuse or penetration.
Appellant called Sara’s thirteen-year-old sister to testify. The sister claimed to
have been in the same room as Sara on the night of the move. The sister denied seeing
Sara and appellant alone and claimed that Sara had a reputation for not telling the truth.
Matt’s mother also testified and claimed that Matt did not tell the investigating officer
that appellant had sex with Sara.
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The jury found appellant guilty of the charged offense. During the punishment
phase, appellant testified and denied engaging in sexual conduct with Sara. Appellant
was sentenced to nine years’ confinement and now appeals his conviction.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
In appellant’s first point of error, he contends the evidence is insufficient to
support his conviction. In evaluating a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we
view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict. Wesbrook v. State, 29
S.W.3d 103, 111 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The issue on appeal is not whether we, as a
court, believe the State’s evidence or believe that appellant’s evidence outweighs the
State’s evidence. Wicker v. State, 667 S.W.2d 137, 143 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). The
verdict may not be overturned unless it is irrational or unsupported by proof beyond a
reasonable doubt. Matson v. State, 819 S.W.2d 839, 846 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). The
trier of fact “is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and of the strength of the
evidence.” Fuentes v. State, 991 S.W.2d 267, 271 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). The trier of
fact may choose to believe or disbelieve any portion of the witnesses’ testimony. Sharp
v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). When faced with conflicting
evidence, we presume the trier of fact resolved conflicts in favor of the prevailing party.
Turro v. State, 867 S.W.2d 43, 47 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Therefore, if any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt,
we must affirm. McDuff v. State, 939 S.W.2d 607, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).
The indictment alleged that, on or about July 25, 2009, appellant intentionally and
knowingly caused the penetration of the female sexual organ of Sara, a person younger
than fourteen years of age, by placing his sexual organ in the female sexual organ of the
complainant. A person commits the offense of aggravated sexual assault of a child if the
person intentionally or knowingly (1) causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ
of a child, under the age of fourteen, by any means, or (2) causes the sexual organ of a
child, under the age of fourteen, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ
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of another person, including the actor. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 22.021(a)(1)(B)(i),
(B)(iii), (a)(2)(B) (West 2011).
Appellant asserts that there was no credible evidence of penetration, a necessary
element of the charged offense. The record reflects Sara’s testimony that appellant
placed his penis “inside” of her “private area,” which she confirmed was her female
sexual organ. She testified that she was twelve years old at the time of the incident. Sara
explained that she straddled appellant and moved her body up and down as his penis was
inside her. The recorded video interview, which was admitted into evidence, reflects
Sara’s description to the investigating officer as to how appellant placed his penis, which
she referred to as “his private area,” in her vagina. Sara informed her mother as well as
the sexual-assault examiner and the investigating officer that appellant had engaged in
sexual intercourse with her. The testimony of a child complainant, standing alone, is
sufficient to support a conviction for sexual assault. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
38.07 (West 2011); Villalon v. State, 791 S.W.2d 130, 134 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990)
(concluding a child complainant’s unsophisticated terminology alone established element
of penetration beyond a reasonable doubt); Bargas v. State, 252 S.W.3d 876, 888 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Jensen v. State, 66 S.W.3d 528, 534 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref’d).
The record also contains the sexual-assault examiner’s testimony that Sara
admitted that approximately four weeks before the doctor’s physical examination, she
and appellant had engaged in sexual intercourse. Although appellant asserts that the
results of the doctor’s physical examination could not confirm that appellant had engaged
in sexual intercourse with Sara, the doctor explained that it is common to receive
“normal” test results when a physical examination occurs later than seven to ten days
after a sexual assault. There is no requirement that a child complainant’s testimony be
corroborated by medical or physical evidence. See Garcia v. State, 563 S.W.2d 925, 928
(Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978); Bargas, 252 S.W.3d at 888–89.
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Appellant asserts that Sara offered conflicting testimony, pointing to testimony
that Sara, at first, denied having sex with appellant and then later changed her account
when confronted by her mother. Appellant also points to testimony in the record that he
has noticeable scarring on his torso from being burned in a fire as a young person and
that Sara made no reference to the scars in her testimony, suggesting that her testimony
cannot support his conviction. Appellant also points to Matt’s trial testimony in which
Matt denied having witnessed appellant and Sara engage in sexual intercourse. Despite
Matt’s testimony, the record contains other testimony from an investigating officer and
Mark that Matt had expressed a previous belief that, during the move, he had seen
appellant engaging in sexual conduct with Sara. The record also reflects that Matt
encountered familial tensions as a result of the sexual-assault allegations. The jury, as
trier of fact, held the ultimate authority to weigh the credibility of the witnesses and the
testimony. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.04 (West 1979); Bargas, 252 S.W.3d
at 889. The jury judged the credibility of the witnesses and reconciled conflicts in the
evidence, and could have accepted or rejected any or all of the evidence on either side.
See Bargas, 252 S.W.3d at 889. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
verdict, we conclude the jury, as a rational trier of fact, could have determined that the
essential elements of the offense were satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt. See id.
Therefore, the evidence is sufficient to support appellant’s conviction for aggravated
sexual assault. See id. Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s first issue.
ADMISSION OF IMPEACHMENT TESTIMONY
In his second issue, appellant asserts that he was harmed and denied due process
when the State was permitted to introduce allegedly improper impeachment testimony
through Mark. Mark’s impeachment testimony consisted of Matt’s prior inconsistent
statements to his father and prosecutors that Matt had observed appellant and Sara
engaged in sexual conduct. On appeal, appellant complains of Mark’s testimony of
familial friction that suggested Matt had been unduly pressured by his mother to change
his testimony. Appellant asserts that Mark’s testimony was improper impeachment
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evidence that prejudiced appellant’s right to a fair trial and deprived him of due process
of law.
The record contains Mark’s testimony of “tension” between Matt and Matt’s
mother because of the underlying sexual-assault charges against appellant. Mark
described how Matt felt a “push” “to morally side with” appellant so that appellant,
Matt’s uncle, “wouldn’t get in trouble.” The record also contains Mark’s testimony that
Matt believed appellant and Sara were engaging in sexual intercourse because the covers
slid off of them, testimony which appellant characterizes on appeal as hearsay evidence.
No objections were raised during either of these instances of Mark’s testimony. The
record reflects Mark’s subsequent confirmation that Matt spoke about being pressured by
his mother to change his account. At that point, appellant asserted a hearsay objection,
which was sustained by the trial court.
To preserve a complaint for appellate review, a party must make a timely request,
objection, or motion with sufficient specificity to apprise the trial court of the complaint.
Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). Because appellant did not raise a timely objection to any of the
testimony as improper impeachment evidence, appellant has not preserved error, if any,
for our review. See id.; Ransom v. State, 789 S.W.2d 572, 588 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989).
Although appellant asserted a hearsay objection to some of Mark’s testimony regarding
whether Matt was pressured to change his testimony, an objection stating one legal basis
may not be used to support a different legal theory on appeal. See Cook v. State, 858
S.W.2d 467, 474 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Likewise, such evidence already had been
admitted when Mark spoke of the family tension and the “push” for Matt to “morally
side” with appellant so that appellant could avoid getting into trouble. The improper
admission of evidence is not reversible error when the same or similar evidence was
already admitted without objection at another point in trial. See Leday v. State, 983
S.W.2d 713, 718 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s second
issue.
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The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
/s/ Kem Thompson Frost
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Frost, Christopher, and Jamison.
Do Not Publish — TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
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