Oscar Ramirez v. the State of Texas ( 2023 )

Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed August 31, 2023.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
NO. 14-22-00205-CR
OSCAR RAMIREZ, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 337th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1681667
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Oscar Ramirez appeals his conviction for aggravated sexual
assault of a child, arguing that his attorney provided ineffective assistance of
counsel when he did not call character witnesses during the guilt/innocence phase
of trial. The State raises one cross-issue, asserting that the trial court erroneously
denied its right to give the concluding address to the jury in the punishment phase
of trial. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant attended a gathering at a home belonging to friends of friends,
which lasted until the early hours of the morning. It was the first time that
appellant had visited this home or met its owners.
While the eight adults present at the gathering socialized in the backyard
with drinks, the eight children played in the swimming pool or living room. One of
the owners’ daughters was nine-year-old Jane,1 who was born with cerebral palsy.
Jane has upper body mobility but uses a walker or walking sticks to get around.
Around 3:00 a.m., Jane took a shower with her mother’s help and was tucked into
bed upstairs. At 4:00 a.m., Jane texted and called her mother. When her mother,
Anna, went upstairs, she found Jane in her sister’s room, crying and scared.
Anna walked Jane back to her room and asked her what was wrong. Jane
responded that “the man that Tia Sandra brought came into my room.” Jane
described how the man had entered her bedroom, pulled down his pants, and
showed her his penis. Jane covered her face with a blanket and told him to stop.
But when she told him to stop, the man lifted her blanket, pulled up her nightgown,
pulled down her underwear, and placed his mouth and tongue on her vagina. From
Jane’s description, Anna identified appellant as the perpetrator and called police.
Surveillance video from inside the home showed appellant going upstairs at 3:11
a.m., 3:27 a.m., and 3:43 a.m. By about 7:00 a.m., Anna had taken Jane to Texas
Children’s Hospital for a sexual assault examination.
When police arrived at the home and questioned appellant, appellant at first
1
To protect the complainant’s identity, we refer to her by the pseudonym “Jane” See Tex.
R. Civ. P. 9.10(a)(3); Tex. Const. art. I, § 30 (granting crime victims “the right to be treated with
fairness and with respect for the victim's dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice
process”). Similarly, we will refer to her mother with the pseudonym “Anna” to help protect
Jane’s identity.
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denied having gone upstairs. But when the investigating officer informed appellant
there was surveillance video depicting him going upstairs, appellant instead said
that he went upstairs to use the restroom. The investigating officer then obtained a
buccal swab from appellant for use in DNA testing. Subsequent DNA testing
included samples from Jane’s underwear and revealed a mixture of DNA from two
persons on the inside crotch of Jane’s underwear. A forensic scientist testified that
the possibility the mixture was a combination of Jane’s and appellant’s DNA was
four trillion times more likely than a combination of DNA from Jane and someone
else.
A jury found appellant guilty and assessed punishment at twenty-three
years’ confinement. This appeal followed.
II. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
In his sole issue, appellant contends that his trial counsel was ineffective
because counsel did not call appellant’s wife and father as character witnesses
during the guilt/innocence phase of trial. Appellant argues the failure of counsel to
do so precluded appellant from presenting a defense because the case turned on the
credibility of the witnesses, the character witnesses could have offered evidence to
show it was improbable appellant committed the offense, and appellant’s counsel
did not otherwise develop a defense. The State responds that the two interested
witnesses’ testimony about appellant’s character would have had no effect on the
outcome of trial and that there is an insufficient record to establish that appellant’s
counsel acted deficiently.
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right
to reasonably effective assistance of counsel in criminal prosecutions. U.S. Const.
amend. VI; McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 771 n. 14 (1970). To prove a
claim of ineffective assistance, an appellant must establish, by a preponderance of
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the evidence, that (1) his counsel’s representation fell below the objective standard
of reasonableness, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that but for counsel’s
deficiency the result of the proceeding would have been different. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694 (1984); see Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808,
813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). We are authorized to analyze the prongs from
Strickland in the order best suited to review of appellant’s issue. See Strickland,
466 U.S. at 687; Ex parte Martinez, 330 S.W.3d 891, 901 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011).
In considering an ineffective-assistance claim, we indulge a strong
presumption that counsel’s actions fell within the wide range of reasonable
professional behavior and was motivated by sound trial strategy. Strickland, 466
U.S. at 689; Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813; Jackson v. State, 877 S.W.2d 768, 771
(Tex. Crim. App. 1994). To overcome this presumption, a claim of ineffective
assistance must be firmly demonstrated in the record. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814;
Pham v. State, 595 S.W.3d 769, (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2019), aff’d,
639 S.W.3d 708 (2022). “When such direct evidence is not available, we will
assume that counsel had a strategy if any reasonably sound strategic motivation
can be imagined.” Lopez v. State, 343 S.W.3d 137, 143 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011).
When the record is silent regarding trial counsel’s strategy, we will not find
deficient performance unless the challenged conduct was “so outrageous that no
competent attorney would have engaged in it.” Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d
390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
A sound trial strategy may be imperfectly executed, but the right to effective
assistance of counsel does not entitle a defendant to errorless or perfect counsel.
Robertson v. State, 187 S.W.3d 475, 483 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). “Isolated
instances in the record reflecting errors of omission or commission do not render
counsel’s performance ineffective, nor can ineffective assistance of counsel be
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established by isolating one portion of trial counsel’s performance for
examination.” McFarland v. State, 845 S.W.2d 824, 843 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992).
Counsel’s performance is judged by “the totality of the representation,” and
“judicial scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly deferential” with every
effort made to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight. Robertson, 187 S.W.3d
at 483.
Appellant contends that his sole available defense was the testimony of his
wife and father to show that “the actions of which he was accused were not in
keeping with his character.” Although character evidence is not generally
admissible for the purpose of proving conformity of action, Tex. R. Evid. 404(a),
an accused in a criminal case is permitted to introduce evidence of a specific good
character trait to show it is improbable that he committed the charged offense. See
Wilson v. State, 451 S.W.3d 880, 886 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] pet. ref’d).
A defendant charged with aggravated sexual assault is entitled to offer evidence of
his good character for moral and safe relations with minors. See Tex. R. Evid.
404(a)(1)(A); Wilson, 451 S.W.3d at 886.
During trial, appellant’s attorney focused on alternative reasons for
appellant’s presence upstairs at the home and the presence of male DNA on the
inside of Jane’s underwear. Trial counsel’s defensive strategy was to show that
appellant, who had been drinking with the other adults, was using the upstairs
bathroom—the one used by Jane—to urinate. Trial counsel suggested that Jane
may have come in contact with appellant’s urine from the toilet seat in that
bathroom, which then transferred to Jane’s underwear.
During the State’s direct examination, Jane’s mother, Anna, testified that she
“would allow anybody to go into my house, you know, use the restroom,
anything.” She explained that there is a half bathroom on the first floor of the
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house, which the ladies used that night, but the men simply relieved themselves
outside in the backyard by a shed. In cross-examination of Anna, appellant’s trial
counsel established that she did not see appellant go behind the shed to urinate. She
testified that she observed appellant go inside her house constantly and thought
that “it’s his first time at my house, maybe he’s embarrassed to use—you know, to
relieve himself outside of the—behind the shed, so he’s going inside to use the
facilities.” Trial counsel also cross-examined Anna as to whether she knew if
appellant, as a newcomer to her home, knew that it was okay for him to urinate
behind the shed, to which she responded “no.” He also elicited testimony from her
on cross-examination that if the first floor restroom was occupied that she would
go to the upstairs restroom, that the upstairs restroom was not locked, and that she
did not know whether anyone had told appellant that it was not permissible to use
the upstairs restroom.
In addressing DNA evidence, trial counsel cross-examined the forensic
scientist from the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences (“Harris County
Forensics”) whose testimony was offered by the State to explain the results of
DNA testing. In furtherance of his defensive strategy, appellant’s counsel asked the
forensic scientist whether a faint yellow stain found on Jane’s underwear might be
urine. The forensic scientist confirmed that Harris County Forensics does not test
for urine, although she agreed it was hypothetically possible that a female could sit
on urine drops on a toilet seat and then transfer that urine to her underwear. While
the forensic scientist could conclude that the second person’s DNA on the inside
crotch of Jane’s underwear was non-sperm and male, she admitted Harris County
Forensics could not confirm the originating source of it. She further testified that
“insufficient male DNA was detected” in swabs of Jane’s vulva. Finally, the
forensic scientist testified that two persons’ DNA was also found on the outside of
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Jane’s underwear, but she could not identify the second person’s gender.
Trial counsel also cross-examined the investigating officer who arrived at
Jane’s home in response to her mother’s call to police. During cross-examination,
this officer testified that he did not gather Jane’s bed sheet or comforter, did not
check the bedroom door or furniture for fingerprints, did not try to collect touch
DNA, and did not enter Jane’s bedroom. As reflected in closing argument,
counsel’s strategy in questioning the investigating officer was to show that if
appellant had entered Jane’s room and sexually assaulted her while she was laying
in her bed, the sheets and comforter would be the best source of appellant’s DNA,
and his fingerprints and perhaps DNA would be on the doorknob of her bedroom
door.
In addition to the defensive strategy above, appellant’s trial counsel
highlighted discrepancies in Jane’s trial testimony about the perpetrator’s clothing
versus appellant’s clothing as shown on the surveillance video. Jane testified at
trial that the perpetrator was wearing a black sweater, black shirt, and gray
sweatpants. The surveillance video, however, showed that appellant was wearing a
black shirt, jeans, and a hat. Moreover, when asked whether she saw in the
courtroom “the person who put their mouth on your clitoris,” Jane replied, “No”
and thus did not identify appellant.
The record is silent about the reason trial counsel chose not to call
appellant’s wife and father in the guilt/innocence phase of trial. “When such direct
evidence is not available, we will assume that counsel had a strategy if any
reasonably sound strategic motivation can be imagined.” Lopez, 343 S.W.3d at
143. Jane was the last witness called by the State, and it was a reasonable defensive
trial strategy to leave the jury with the indelible image of her inability to identify
appellant in the courtroom. Moreover, counsel had already established an
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alternative scenario for appellant’s presence upstairs in Jane’s home and for the
presence of non-semen, male DNA on the inside of her underwear. Appellant has
not shown that he would have benefitted from character testimony from his wife
and father and has not overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the
decision not to call these witnesses at the guilt/innocence phase might be
considered sound trial strategy. See Stokes v. State, 298 S.W.3d 428, 431 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. ref’d). We conclude that appellant has not
established, by a preponderance of the evidence, that his trial counsel’s
representation fell below the objective standard of reasonableness. See Strickland,
466 U.S. at 687–88. Because appellant failed to meet his burden on the first prong
of Strickland, we need not consider the requirements of the second prong. Lopez,
343 S.W.3d at 144. We overrule appellant’s issue.
III. THE STATE’S CLOSING ARGUMENT
In its cross-issue, the State contends that the trial court erred in disallowing
the State the concluding address to the jury in the punishment phase of trial. See
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.07. The record shows that the State began its
closing argument but did not reserve any time for a concluding address. When the
State asked for additional time after appellant’s closing argument, appellant’s
counsel objected because “the State did not ask for the right to open and close” and
appellant “respectfully believes they’ve given their closing statement.” The trial
court sustained this objection.
Having overruled appellant’s issue, we do not reach the State’s cross-issue.
Tex. R. App. 47.1; see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.01; Pfeiffer v. State, 363
S.W.3d 594, 601 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Assuming the State’s cross-point is the
type of error encompassed by article 44.01, which enumerates the types of error the
State may appeal, the State concedes that courts of appeals generally cannot
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address cross appeals by the State unless the conviction is reversed. “Usually,
courts of appeals may address the State’s cross-appeal point only if the defendant
prevails on appeal and the case will be remanded for further proceedings.” Id.(discussing Armstrong v. State, 805 S.W.2d 791, 793–94 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991)).
IV. CONCLUSION
Having overruled appellant’s sole issue, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court as challenged on appeal.
_____/s/ J. Poissant_______________
Margaret "Meg" Poissant
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Bourliot, Hassan, and Poissant.
Do not Publish — Tex. R. App. P. 4702(b).
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