Sandoval, Gustavo Tijerina ( 2022 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
NO. AP-77,081
GUSTAVO TIJERINA SANDOVAL, Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
ON DIRECT APPEAL
FROM CAUSE NO. 2015-DCR-02443-C IN THE 197TH DISTRICT COURT
CAMERON COUNTY
ORDER
PER CURIAM.
In points of error three through seven, Appellant contends that recorded statements to law
enforcement should have been suppressed because the statements were coerced, because law
enforcement did not comply with Miranda and Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 38.22, and
because the statements were otherwise involuntary. In his fifth subargument under point of error
seven, Appellant contends that the case should be remanded for findings regarding the voluntariness
of Appellant’s statements. In footnote eleven of its brief, the State agrees with Appellant’s
observation that the trial court did not enter findings of fact on the voluntariness of his statements,
SANDOVAL ORDER— 2
and the State says that it has “no opposition to remanding this issue to the trial court should this
Court deem additional factual development necessary.”
Section 6 of Article 38.22 requires written findings when the voluntariness of a confession
is litigated and the trial court finds the confession to be voluntary and admissible.1 We have held
that the statute requires written findings even when they are not requested because “written findings
are required in all cases concerning voluntariness” and “[t]he statute has no exceptions.”2 We find
it appropriate to remand the case to the trial court to make such written findings.
In points of error eleven and twelve, Appellant complains that the trial court erred in hearing
qualifications, excuses, and exemptions for three venire panels outside the presence of Appellant and
his attorney. Parts of the record appear to be in conflict regarding whether Appellant and his attorney
were present. The court reporter’s record for each of the hearings indicates that Appellant and his
attorney were not present and that they arrived after qualifications, excuses, and exemptions were
determined.3 But the docket sheet indicates that Appellant and his attorney were present on these
occasions.4 And in a hearing on Appellant’s motion for mistrial, the trial court suggested that
Appellant and his attorney were present:
Okay. Hold on. What I told you was, we had to qualify them just to make . . . certain
1
TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 38.22, § 6 (“If the statement has been found to have been
voluntarily made and held admissible as a matter of law and fact by the court in a hearing in the
absence of the jury, the court must enter an order stating its conclusion as to whether or not the
statement was voluntarily made, along with the specific finding of facts upon which the conclusion
was based, which order shall be filed among the papers of the cause.”).
2
Vasquez v. State, 411 S.W.3d 918, 920 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013).
3
See 27 RR at 3, 4, 11, and 17; 50 RR at 3, 4, 5, 19, and 20; 55 RR at 3, 4, and 17.
4
See 10 CR at 4167, 4175, 4177.
SANDOVAL ORDER— 3
that, you know, they were—they were a U.S. citizen and a citizen of Texas, presiding
in . . . Just pre-qualifications. And I told you you didn’t need to be there. In fact, you
were there, though.5
It appears that there is an inaccuracy in either the clerk’s record or the reporter’s record.
Pursuant to our authority to have an inaccuracy in the record corrected,6 we conclude that a remand
to the trial court is appropriate for a hearing and for findings of fact on whether there is an inaccuracy
in the docket notations or in the court reporter’s notations regarding whether Appellant and counsel
were present for the three instances in which the trial judge heard qualifications, excuses, and
exemptions for a venire panel.
Consequently, we remand this case for the trial court to make written findings, in compliance
with Article 38.22, on the voluntariness of Appellant’s recorded statements. We also remand this
case for the trial court to conduct a hearing and make written findings with respect to whether there
is an inaccuracy in the docket notations or in the court reporter’s notations regarding whether
Appellant and counsel were present when the trial judge heard qualifications, excuses, and
exemptions for the venire panels. The trial court shall forward its findings within 60 days from the
date of this order.
Filed: March 2, 2022
Do not publish
5
76 RR at 176-77 (emphasis added).
6
See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.5(d), 34.6(e).