Musselman v. Keele ( 2024 )


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    2024 UT App 143
    THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS
    DAVID MUSSELMAN,
    Appellant,
    v.
    KAMRON KEELE,
    Appellee.
    Opinion
    No. 20220893-CA
    Filed October 10, 2024
    Third District Court, West Jordan Department
    The Honorable Matthew Bates
    No. 200905061
    Julie J. Nelson, Attorney for Appellant
    Kamron Keele, Appellee Pro Se
    JUDGE AMY J. OLIVER authored this Opinion, in which
    JUDGES RYAN M. HARRIS and RYAN D. TENNEY concurred.
    OLIVER, Judge:
    ¶1     The district court granted Kamron Keele’s unopposed
    motion for partial summary judgment on his claims of tortious
    interference and fraudulent misrepresentation against David
    Musselman and entered judgment for Keele in the amount of
    $166,041.11 after a bench trial on damages. We reverse the
    judgment without deciding the issues on the merits because, on
    appeal, Musselman presented a plausible basis for reversal and
    Keele failed to address any of the issues on the merits, instead
    choosing only to argue (incorrectly) that this court lacked
    jurisdiction.
    Musselman v. Keele
    BACKGROUND
    ¶2      In March 2018, in preparation for a move to Chicago,
    Kamron Keele, a Utah licensed attorney, began the required
    preliminary application for admission to the Illinois Bar. While
    not required to sit for the Illinois Bar’s examination, Keele was
    required to fill out an application and pass the Illinois Bar’s
    character and fitness review. In July 2018, after Keele’s
    preliminary application was approved but before he submitted
    his formal application, Keele and his family moved from Salt Lake
    City to Chicago, where he continued working for his Utah clients.
    Within six months of moving to Chicago, Keele had wound down
    his Utah practice and began to apply for law firm positions in
    Chicago. At the time, Keele believed he would be licensed in
    Illinois by the beginning of 2019.
    The Divorce Case
    ¶3     While in Chicago, Keele began representing a client
    (Husband) in a Utah divorce action. In January 2019, Keele filed
    Husband’s petition for divorce from Wife in Utah’s Third District
    Court. While she was initially able to hire an attorney, Wife soon
    found she could not afford to pay her attorney, so she let him go.
    After that, due to Wife’s lack of counsel, Keele communicated
    with her directly, including by email. In his communications with
    Wife, Keele frequently used harsh and judgmental language
    including:
    •   “[P]erhaps you are starting a new manic
    episode as evidenced by your latest actions.”
    •   “Why you would do that to your child is
    beyond outrageous.”
    •   “Because of your baffling inability to even
    comprehend what is at issue in this case and
    because you have stolen custody of [your
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    Musselman v. Keele
    child] and refuse to date to allow [Husband]
    parent time, among other stunning behavior
    and written legal positions and admissions
    you have taken over the last two weeks since
    I’ve been involved, [Husband] and I both
    believe mediation in light of your current
    delusions would be pointless.”
    ¶4     Due to her inability to pay for an attorney, Wife researched
    alternatives to litigation, including mediation, and she came
    across David Musselman, a mediator who specializes in divorce
    cases. Musselman is not a licensed attorney. At Wife’s request,
    Musselman contacted Husband to see if he would be interested in
    mediation, but he declined. After learning that Husband was
    unwilling to mediate, Wife became very emotional and “pleaded
    with [Musselman] to help” her with the divorce. Musselman
    provided Wife with some basic forms for divorce litigation and
    helped her draft an answer and respond to Keele’s emails.
    Musselman did not charge Wife for his assistance.
    ¶5     Husband discovered Musselman’s involvement when he
    read Wife’s emails with Musselman, which Husband was able to
    do by accessing those emails on a family computer that Wife had
    failed to log out of before moving out of the marital home.
    Husband forwarded these emails to Keele, who contacted
    Musselman about his communications with Wife and told
    Musselman to cease “advising [Wife].” That same day—February
    5, 2019—Wife filed a complaint with the Utah Bar against Keele.
    Keele reported the bar complaint to the Illinois Bar, as he was
    required to do, which then placed Keele’s Illinois application on
    hold pending resolution of the Utah Bar complaint. After
    requesting and receiving Keele’s response to Wife’s allegations,
    the Utah Bar notified Keele on July 29, 2019, that it was declining
    to move forward with the complaint because “there [was] not
    enough evidence to prove by a preponderance that Mr. Keele’s
    behavior . . . rises to a violation of the Rules of Professional
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    Musselman v. Keele
    Conduct.” Keele notified the Illinois Bar of the dismissal in
    August 2019, and the Illinois Bar ultimately approved his
    application in March 2020. In total, Keele’s Illinois Bar application
    was on hold for approximately six months from February 2019 to
    August 2019.
    Keele’s Illinois Employment
    ¶6      Between December 2018 and December 2019, before he
    was licensed in Illinois, Keele applied to over eighty law firms and
    companies but did not obtain a job offer from any of them. Keele
    testified that in every interview he had to inform prospective
    employers that his application to the Illinois Bar was on hold
    because he was waiting for the Utah Bar complaint to clear up,
    and he believed that this disclosure and his lack of licensure were
    the reasons he was not hired. However, Keele also failed to get a
    job at any of the firms and companies he applied to from
    December 2018 to February 2019 and from August 2019 to
    December 2019, both before and after the Utah Bar complaint was
    pending.
    ¶7      Ultimately, in December 2019, Keele was hired by a sole
    practitioner at a salary of $100,000, but he was terminated only a
    few months later in March 2020. His termination letter cited three
    reasons for his termination: (1) he prioritized “non-Firm clients
    over personal clients from Utah,” causing him to make “excessive
    mistakes”; (2) he took “unexcused absences with insufficient
    notice and insufficient make-up time during tax season for Utah
    practice,” which resulted in “work not being completed in a
    timely and accurate fashion”; and (3) he was unable “to obtain an
    Illinois license in a reasonable amount of time.”
    The Lawsuit Against Musselman
    ¶8    In August 2020, Keele filed a lawsuit against Musselman in
    Utah’s Third District Court, alleging tortious interference,
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    Musselman v. Keele
    unauthorized practice of law, fraudulent misrepresentation, and
    negligent misrepresentation. He sought damages of $450,000 in
    lost income. On November 29, 2020, before Musselman served his
    initial disclosures, Keele filed a motion for summary judgment “as
    to all of the elements but damages of [Keele’s]’s claims of tortious
    interference and fraudulent misrepresentation.” The district court
    denied Keele’s motion after concluding that material facts—
    including whether Musselman had advised Wife to file a bar
    complaint—were in dispute.
    ¶9     In January 2022, the parties filed the following stipulation
    with the district court:
    1. [P]rior to [Wife] filing a bar complaint against
    [Keele] on February 5, 2019, [Musselman] told
    [Wife] that, in his opinion, [Keele] was unethical to
    her as opposing counsel in her divorce case.
    2. [Musselman] told [Wife] prior to February 5, 2019
    that she should file a bar complaint against [Keele]
    for the same.
    Keele then filed a renewed motion for summary judgment.
    Musselman failed to respond to the renewed motion. The district
    court entered partial summary judgment in Keele’s favor on the
    tortious interference and misrepresentation claims, but reserved
    for trial “the fact of damages and the specific dollar amount.”
    ¶10 Musselman timely filed a rule 60(b) motion for relief from
    the district court’s grant of partial summary judgment. See Utah
    R. Civ. P. 60(b). In his motion, Musselman claimed his failure to
    respond to the motion for partial summary judgment was due to
    excusable neglect because his attorney had an issue receiving
    emails, and he asserted he had meritorious defenses to Keele’s
    claims. The district court denied Musselman’s rule 60(b) motion,
    ruling that there was no evidence presented to substantiate the
    alleged email issue and that even if Musselman did present this
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    Musselman v. Keele
    evidence, computer glitches do not constitute excusable neglect.
    The district court also concluded that Musselman did not
    demonstrate a meritorious defense. Musselman filed a petition for
    interlocutory appeal of the denial of the rule 60(b) motion, which
    this court denied.
    ¶11 On September 12, 2022, the district court held a bench trial
    on damages. After hearing testimony from Keele and receiving
    exhibits, including Keele’s tax returns and a salary survey from
    Chicago Lawyer magazine, the district court awarded Keele
    damages for the period from February 2019 to April 2020, totaling
    $166,041.11.
    ISSUE AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
    ¶12 Musselman argues the district court erroneously granted
    Keele partial summary judgment on his tortious interference and
    fraudulent misrepresentation claims. 1 We review a district court’s
    “grant of summary judgment for correctness,” giving “no
    deference to the district court’s legal conclusions.” Heslop v. Bear
    River Mutual Ins. Co., 
    2017 UT 5
    , ¶ 15, 
    390 P.3d 314
    .
    ANALYSIS
    I. Jurisdiction
    ¶13 Before we can examine Musselman’s substantive
    arguments, we must first address Keele’s assertion that this court
    lacks jurisdiction to review the district court’s grant of partial
    summary judgment and denial of Musselman’s rule 60(b) motion
    1. Musselman also challenges the district court’s award of
    damages to Keele in the amount of $166,041.11. But because we
    reverse the grant of partial summary judgment, we need not reach
    the issue of damages.
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    Musselman v. Keele
    because Musselman failed to timely appeal these orders. It is well
    settled that “an appellate court does not have jurisdiction to
    consider an appeal unless the appeal is taken from a final order or
    judgment that ends the controversy between the litigants.” Copper
    Hills Custom Homes, LLC v. Countrywide Bank, FSB, 
    2018 UT 56
    ,
    ¶ 10, 
    428 P.3d 1133
     (cleaned up). According to Keele, both orders
    were final appealable orders and because Musselman failed to
    appeal them within thirty days of entry of each order, this court
    lacks jurisdiction over the appeal. 2 We disagree.
    ¶14 A “partial summary judgment is not generally a final
    judgment and hence it is not appealable” because it does not
    “dispose of the case as to all the parties, and finally dispose of the
    subject-matter of the litigation on the merits of the case.” Alvey
    Dev. Corp. v. Mackelprang, 
    2002 UT App 220
    , ¶ 18, 
    51 P.3d 45
    (cleaned up); accord South Shores Concession, Inc. v. State, 
    600 P.2d 550
    , 553 (Utah 1979) (holding that “a partial summary judgment
    is not generally a final judgment” (cleaned up)). Here, the order
    granting partial summary judgment did not dispose of the case.
    The order specifically reserved for trial “the fact of damages and
    the specific dollar amount of damages.” Indeed, a bench trial was
    held on this remaining issue of damages, so it is clear that the
    grant of partial summary judgment was not a final order. See
    Harrington v. Browne, 2005 UT App 57U, para. 2 (per curiam)
    (concluding that a partial summary judgment order that reserves
    “particular issues for trial” is not a final appealable order). And
    because this court denied Musselman’s petition for interlocutory
    appeal of the partial summary judgment order, Musselman
    necessarily had to wait until the district court entered final
    judgment after the trial on damages before he could appeal the
    2. We note that in this appeal Musselman did not challenge the
    denial of his rule 60(b) motion. Therefore, we do not address
    Keele’s jurisdictional argument with respect to that motion.
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    Musselman v. Keele
    order. 3 See Zions First Nat’l Bank, NA v. Rocky Mountain Irrigation
    Inc., 
    931 P.2d 142
    , 144 (Utah 1997) (holding that a notice of appeal
    from the final judgment includes “any intermediate order
    involving the merits or necessarily affecting the judgment”).
    Musselman’s appeal from the eventual final judgment was timely,
    and we therefore have jurisdiction to hear his appeal.
    II. The District Court’s Grant of Partial Summary Judgment
    ¶15 “In many situations, a district court has discretion to grant
    a motion merely because the nonmovant fails to oppose it.” Turley
    v. Childs, 
    2022 UT App 85
    , ¶ 25, 
    515 P.3d 942
    . However, motions
    for summary judgment do not fall into this category. “Summary
    judgment may not be entered against the nonmoving party
    merely by virtue of a failure to oppose, but instead a district court
    must still determine whether the moving party’s pleadings,
    discovery, and affidavits demonstrate its entitlement to judgment
    as a matter of law.” Tronson v. Eagar, 
    2019 UT App 212
    , ¶ 17, 
    457 P.3d 407
     (cleaned up); see also Utah R. Civ. P. 56(e)(3) (The district
    court may only “grant summary judgment if the motion and
    supporting      materials—including      the     facts    considered
    undisputed—show that the moving party is entitled to it.”).
    ¶16 When a party fails to dispute a material fact in a motion for
    summary judgment by failing to respond to the motion, the facts
    are “deemed admitted for the purposes of the motion.” Utah R.
    Civ. P. 56(a)(4). However, the court “must still view all reasonable
    inferences drawn from those admitted facts in the light most
    favorable to the non-moving party.” Turley, 
    2022 UT App 85
    , ¶ 26
    (cleaned up). “And where the moving party would bear the
    burden of proof at trial, the movant must establish each element
    3. Musselman’s notice of appeal expressly included both the final
    judgment and the partial summary judgment order.
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    Musselman v. Keele
    of his claim in order to show that he is entitled to judgment as a
    matter of law.” Id. ¶ 27 (cleaned up).
    ¶17 A district court’s assessment of an unopposed summary
    judgment motion is “not intended to be particularly searching.”
    Id. ¶ 28. If, after review, “it appears to the court that the movant
    has connected the relevant dots—that is, that the moving papers
    recite supported facts which, taken as true, appear to entitle the
    movant to relief under applicable law—then the motion should be
    granted.” Id. But if “it is not apparent to the [district] court that
    the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, the motion
    should be denied, despite its unopposed status.” Id. Here, the
    district court granted Keele’s motion, concluding that Keele had
    “met his burden of proving all of the elements but the fact of
    damages.”
    ¶18 Musselman argues the district court erred in its grant of
    partial summary judgment because material facts were still in
    dispute and because Keele did not meet his burden of proving the
    elements of his tortious interference and fraudulent
    misrepresentation claims. Typically, we would address this
    argument in the manner laid out in Turley and assess the district
    court’s decision “for correctness.” Id. ¶ 30. However, the situation
    is different here because on appeal Keele has entirely failed to
    respond or present any opposing argument on these issues in his
    responsive brief. See Mitchell v. Arco Indus. Sales, 
    2023 UT App 70
    ,
    ¶ 21, 
    533 P.3d 394
    , cert. denied, 
    537 P.3d 1016
     (Utah 2023).
    ¶19 Instead of engaging with the merits of Musselman’s
    appellate arguments regarding the district court’s decision to
    grant partial summary judgment, Keele focuses his responsive
    brief exclusively on his arguments that this court lacks jurisdiction
    because Musselman’s appeal was untimely and that damages
    were correctly determined. Musselman’s arguments on the merits
    of the grant of partial summary judgment were left completely
    unrebutted by Keele. And while an appellee and his counsel (of
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    Musselman v. Keele
    which Keele is both in this case) certainly have the choice to forgo
    addressing arguments raised by appellants, they do so at their
    own peril. Because if the sole opposing argument presented turns
    out to be incorrect (as Keele’s jurisdictional argument did here),
    the appellant’s arguments stand unrebutted and we then review
    them with a “lower standard than the typical burden of
    persuasion on appeal.” AL-IN Partners, LLC v. LifeVantage Corp.,
    
    2021 UT 42
    , ¶ 19, 
    496 P.3d 76
    .
    ¶20 Indeed, our supreme court has held that a “court may rule
    in favor of an appellant for purposes of that case if the appellee
    inadequately briefs an argument and the appellant provides a
    plausible basis for reversal.” Utah Dep’t of Transp. v. Coalt, Inc.,
    
    2020 UT 58
    , ¶ 45, 
    472 P.3d 942
    . Because Keele failed to address
    Musselman’s arguments on the merits, we therefore determine
    only whether Musselman has presented a plausible basis for
    reversal of the court’s grant of partial summary judgment on the
    tortious interference and fraudulent misrepresentation claims. 4
    A.     Tortious Interference
    ¶21 “To recover damages for tortious interference a plaintiff
    must prove (1) that the defendant intentionally interfered with the
    plaintiff’s existing or potential economic relations, (2) for an
    improper purpose or by improper means, (3) causing injury to the
    plaintiff.” Eldridge v. Johndrow, 
    2015 UT 21
    , ¶ 13, 
    345 P.3d 553
    (cleaned up). Because Musselman argues Keele did not provide
    undisputed evidence to support any of these elements, we
    address each in turn.
    4. Our decision rendered under this standard “is a non-merits
    decision that is not intended to have any precedential value.”
    Mitchell v. Arco Indus. Sales, 
    2023 UT App 70
    , ¶ 22 n.2, 
    533 P.3d 394
    (cleaned up), cert. denied, 
    537 P.3d 1016
     (Utah 2023).
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    Musselman v. Keele
    1.     Intentional Interference
    ¶22 A plaintiff must prove the defendant “intentionally
    interfered with the plaintiff’s existing or potential economic
    relations” to recover for a tortious interference claim. Id. ¶ 66
    (cleaned up). “Intent and motive are not synonymous; in the tort
    context, ‘intent’ means a desire to bring about certain
    consequences, not a person’s reasons for that desire.” Id. In the
    complaint, Keele alleged that “Musselman intentionally advised
    Wife that [Keele]’s actions were unethical and that a bar complaint
    against him was in order; with the expectancy of causing [Keele]
    to have to defend himself in the hopes that [Keele] would be
    distracted from fully representing his client against her.”
    ¶23 Musselman argues that intending to have Wife file a bar
    complaint against Keele is not the same as intending to tortiously
    interfere with Keele’s potential economic relations. Musselman
    further argues that Keele presented no evidence that Musselman
    knew of Keele’s move to Chicago or of his interviews with law
    firms, and Musselman stated in his answer that he had “no
    knowledge of [Keele]’s employment, living, or family situation.”
    Thus, Musselman presents a plausible argument that Keele did
    not prove—or even allege—that Musselman intentionally
    interfered with Keele’s potential economic relations with
    Chicago-area law firms.
    2.     Improper Means
    ¶24 In addition to proving that Musselman intentionally
    interfered with Keele’s potential economic relationships, Keele
    must also show that Musselman used improper means to do so.
    See C.R. England v. Swift Transp. Co., 
    2019 UT 8
    , ¶ 41, 
    437 P.3d 343
    .
    “Improper means is satisfied where the means used to interfere
    with a party’s economic relations are contrary to law, such as
    violations of statutes, regulations, or recognized common-law
    rules or if they violate an established standard of a trade or
    20220893-CA                      11             
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    Musselman v. Keele
    profession.” Id. ¶ 3 (cleaned up). For a violation of a trade or
    profession’s established standards to be an improper means, “the
    standard or rule” violated “must be an objective one accepted
    throughout the relevant industry.” Id. Establishing this industry
    standard can be accomplished with “expert testimony regarding
    industry-wide customs or practices, uniform codes, [or] industry-
    specific regulations.” Id. ¶ 48.
    ¶25 In his motion, Keele asserted that Musselman had been
    practicing law without a license in violation of Utah law. Keele
    argued Musselman unlawfully practiced law by “giving [Wife]
    legal litigation advice that [Keele] had violated the Court’s ethical
    rules and that she should file a bar complaint against him.” “The
    practice of law . . . involve[s] the rendering of services that require
    the knowledge and application of legal principles to serve the
    interests of another . . . [and] consists of performing services in the
    courts of justice[,] . . . counseling, advising, and assisting others in
    connection with their legal rights, duties, and liabilities.” Board of
    Comm’rs of the Utah State Bar v. Peterson, 
    937 P.2d 1263
    , 1268 (Utah
    1997) (cleaned up). Musselman argues that informing Wife that
    Keele’s behavior potentially warranted a bar complaint does not
    involve “knowledge and application of legal principles,” see 
    id.
    (cleaned up), particularly because he was merely expressing his
    opinion. And, he argues, non-lawyers can express an opinion
    about whether an attorney has potentially violated ethical rules.
    For support, Musselman points out that non-attorneys are on the
    committee tasked with hearing “cases against lawyers . . . for
    violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct” in Utah. See Ethics
    & Discipline Committee, Utah State Bar, https://www.utahbar.org/
    ethics-discipline-committee/           [https://perma.cc/3XLF-LGWM]
    (stating that the committee “consists of lawyers and members of
    the public”).
    ¶26 Keele also asserted in his motion that Musselman used
    improper means because he violated professional standards. The
    only professional standards that Keele mentions in his motion are
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    Musselman v. Keele
    the “standards of the profession of an attorney,” which
    Musselman argues would not apply to him as he is not an
    attorney and therefore not subject to these standards. Musselman
    also argues that Keele failed to establish what objective standards
    Musselman violated, either through expert testimony or
    otherwise. See C.R. England, 
    2019 UT 8
    , ¶ 48. Musselman has
    therefore plausibly demonstrated that Keele did not prove that
    Musselman used “improper means” when he told Wife to file a
    bar complaint.
    3.     Causation
    ¶27 A plaintiff must prove causation to recover damages for
    tortious interference. See Eldridge v. Johndrow, 
    2015 UT 21
    , ¶ 13, 
    345 P.3d 553
    . To prove causation, the plaintiff must present evidence
    of a causal link between the alleged tortious interference and the
    harm. See Francis v. National DME, 
    2015 UT App 119
    , ¶ 48, 
    350 P.3d 615
    . Accordingly, Musselman argues, Keele needed to prove that
    it was Wife’s bar complaint that prevented him from receiving a
    job at any of the firms or companies that he interviewed with. 5 But
    Keele provided no evidence that, without the bar complaint
    against him, he would have been offered a job. He testified that
    interviewers told him that he needed to be admitted to practice
    law in Illinois, but he offered no testimony or documents from any
    interviewer or firm to support that his lack of an Illinois license
    was the reason he was not offered a job. Further, many of the firms
    Keele listed regularly hire unlicensed law students for the entry-
    level associate positions that Keele stated he was willing to accept.
    And, Musselman points out, Keele was eventually able to obtain
    5. Musselman disputes on appeal whether Wife filed the bar
    complaint because he told her to do so, but that factual dispute
    was not before the district court when it ruled on the motion for
    partial summary judgment, so we do not consider it here. See
    Turley v. Childs, 
    2022 UT App 85
    , ¶ 31, 
    515 P.3d 942
    .
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    Musselman v. Keele
    employment in Chicago without an Illinois license. 6 Therefore,
    Musselman has plausibly shown that Keele failed to demonstrate
    the required causal relationship between Musselman’s conduct
    and Keele’s inability to obtain employment.
    ¶28 In sum, Musselman has presented a plausible basis for
    reversal of the grant of summary judgment on each of the
    elements of Keele’s tortious interference claim.
    B.     Fraudulent Misrepresentation
    ¶29 To recover damages for fraudulent misrepresentation the
    plaintiff must establish as follows:
    (1) that a representation was made (2) concerning a
    presently existing material fact (3) which was false
    and (4) which the representor either (a) knew to be
    false or (b) made recklessly, knowing that there was
    insufficient knowledge upon which to base such a
    representation, (5) for the purpose of inducing the
    other party to act upon it and (6) that the other party,
    acting reasonably and in ignorance of its falsity, (7)
    did in fact rely upon it (8) and was thereby induced
    to act (9) to that party’s injury and damage.
    Cardon v. Jean Brown Rsch., 
    2014 UT App 35
    , ¶ 6, 
    327 P.3d 22
    (emphasis added) (cleaned up). Musselman argues that Keele is
    not the proper party to bring this claim of fraudulent
    misrepresentation because Keele does not allege Musselman
    made any fraudulent representations to him; instead, the alleged
    misrepresentations in this case were made to Wife, a third party.
    6. Keele was terminated from that employment within a few
    months. Keele asserts that he was terminated for not having an
    Illinois bar license. Although that was listed as one of the reasons
    in his termination letter, it was the third reason, behind his poor
    performance and absenteeism. See supra ¶ 7.
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    Musselman v. Keele
    But Keele must demonstrate that he, himself, relied on the
    fraudulent misrepresentation and that this reliance induced him
    to act to his own injury. Id.; see also State v. Apotex Corp., 
    2012 UT 36
    , ¶ 58, 
    282 P.3d 66
    . Keele instead asserts Musselman recklessly
    made a false representation concerning a present, material fact to
    Wife to induce Wife to act on it and file a bar complaint, which
    she did. However, Musselman argues that Wife is the party that
    the alleged fraudulent misrepresentation was made to, not Keele,
    demonstrating that Keele is not the correct party to bring this
    claim. Thus, Musselman has plausibly demonstrated that Keele
    failed to prove the required elements of his fraudulent
    misrepresentation claim.
    ¶30 For the preceding reasons, we conclude that Musselman
    has met his lowered burden of demonstrating a plausible basis to
    reverse the grant of partial summary judgment on both of Keele’s
    substantive claims.
    CONCLUSION
    ¶31 This court has jurisdiction over Musselman’s appeal. Keele
    failed to address Musselman’s arguments for reversal of the grant
    of partial summary judgment and, applying the resulting lower
    standard of review, Musselman has demonstrated a plausible
    basis for reversal. Accordingly, we reverse the grant of partial
    summary judgment and remand the matter for further
    proceedings.
    20220893-CA                     15               
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Document Info

Docket Number: 20220893-CA

Filed Date: 10/10/2024

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 10/11/2024