Carla Bridget Torres-Lara v. Accomack County Department of Social Services ( 2014 )


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  •                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
    Present: Judges Petty, Chafin and Senior Judge Annunziata
    UNPUBLISHED
    CARLA BRIDGET TORRES-LARA
    MEMORANDUM OPINION*
    v.     Record No. 0109-14-1                                         PER CURIAM
    DECEMBER 16, 2014
    ACCOMACK COUNTY DEPARTMENT
    OF SOCIAL SERVICES
    FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ACCOMACK COUNTY
    W. Revell Lewis, III, Judge
    (Paul G. Watson, IV, on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting
    on brief.
    (Carl H. Bundick; Marsha Dunning Carter, Guardian ad litem for
    the minor child; Shore Advocacy Group, PLLC, on brief), for
    appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.
    Carla Bridget Torres-Lara (hereinafter “mother”) appeals the termination of her residual
    parental rights to her son A.B. Mother asserts the trial court erred in terminating her parental
    rights because she substantially remedied the conditions leading to the foster care placement and
    the termination was not in the child’s best interests. For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial
    court’s decision.
    Background
    When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we presume the circuit court
    “‘thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its
    determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46
    *
    Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
    Va. App. 257, 265-66, 
    616 S.E.2d 765
    , 769 (2005) (quoting Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty. Dep’t of
    Soc. Servs., 
    46 Va. App. 1
    , 7, 
    614 S.E.2d 656
    , 659 (2005)).
    A.B. was removed from his mother’s care on November 9, 2012, when he was nearly two
    months old. On that date, police responded to the home shared by mother and A.B.’s father,
    Jason Brumbaugh (hereinafter “father”), when mother reported father had assaulted her. By the
    time the police arrived, father had left. Mother smelled of alcohol, and her speech was slurred.
    A.B. was sleeping in a “pack and play” in the bedroom.
    Social worker Abigail Allen arrived a short time later. She also noted mother smelled of
    alcohol. Mother’s clothing was disheveled, and she had bruises on her face. The baby’s diaper
    was so wet it had soaked through to his clothing. The temperature inside the home was cold.
    Upon Allen notifying mother she would be removing A.B., the mother became upset; however,
    she changed the baby’s diaper and packed his clothes.
    Ten days prior to A.B.’s removal, Allen had received a complaint that mother had
    dangled him over a fire pit.1 After his removal, mother visited the child on a weekly basis in the
    visitation room near social worker Crystal Betz’s office. Initially, Betz did not supervise the
    visits, as she could see the room from her office. In January 2013, however, mother confessed to
    her probation officer she had sexually abused her older son approximately ten years earlier
    during his infancy. Following that revelation, Betz supervised the visitation between A.B. and
    mother.
    During the supervised visits, mother sometimes engaged in strange behavior. On one
    occasion in late May 2013, she refused to give A.B. a bottle of formula prepared by a social
    worker because she believed the formula contained drugs. She swore at social worker Kate
    1
    At the termination hearing, Deputy Sheriff Eric Nottingham testified he overheard
    mother acknowledge during a phone call she had held the child over the fire because someone
    had taken her vodka bottle and she wanted it returned.
    -2-
    Bonniwell and told her “Babies do not drink cocaine.” When Bonniwell attempted to take A.B.
    from her to feed him, mother pushed her away, causing Bonniwell to fear mother might drop the
    child. Bonniwell tossed the bottle and reassured mother she would not feed the bottle to the
    baby. Eventually, Bonniwell forcibly took A.B. from mother and walked out of the room.
    Mother yelled at Bonniwell that mother was “a surgeon general and that [Bonniwell] would be
    fired.” After Bonniwell removed A.B., mother calmed down and explained she “had not been
    taking her medications.”
    Based on this confrontation, the Department of Social Services (“DSS”) obtained a
    protective order, and mother’s visitation was terminated. 2
    At the termination hearing, evidence was presented that mother abused alcohol and drugs
    and suffered from serious mental health problems. She acknowledged she “heard voices,” but
    when she was taking her medication correctly, she did not hear them “as frequently.” Mother
    asserted she was taking her medication properly at the time of the hearing, but admitted she had
    heard voices as recently as a month ago. She also confirmed she was sometimes in a “delusional
    state” in which she felt “that there [we]re other presences inside [her] body besides [her]
    own . . . .” She explained that “[t]he majority of the time [the presences] state[d] that they [were]
    federal officers or government officials.”
    Clinical psychologist Brian Wald testified regarding the results of mother’s parenting
    evaluation. Dr. Wald opined that mother was unable to care for her child because she was “so
    delusional” and paranoid. He explained that individuals who suffered from delusions and
    paranoia and used drugs and alcohol were “the ones . . . most likely to experience violence.”
    2
    On another occasion, mother placed the young infant on a sofa during visitation. When
    he almost fell to the floor, the social worker suggested that she and A.B. play on the floor. After
    mother placed him on the floor, she left him there and did not interact with him. Upon mother
    starting to fall asleep, the social worker asked if she would like to end the visit early, and mother
    responded affirmatively.
    -3-
    Dr. Wald also viewed mother’s visual hallucinations as significant because, among individuals
    suffering from hallucinations, only “a very small percentage” of them experienced visual
    hallucinations.
    Dr. Wald described mother as “clearly . . . psychotic,” with a reported long history of
    hallucinations, bipolar disorder, and numerous “run-ins with the law related to drug and alcohol
    use.” He concluded the psychotic disorder she was experiencing was “long-standing” and that
    her prognosis for treatment was “very poor.” In Dr. Wald’s opinion, the evidence was
    “overwhelming that she [wa]s not able to parent this child.”
    In early October 2013, approximately two months prior to the termination hearing,
    mother tested positive for cocaine, marijuana, opiates, and amphetamines. Mother denied
    drinking alcohol or using drugs during the month prior to the hearing. Prior to that time, she
    acknowledged she was a “binge user.” She also admitted using heroin in June 2013.
    Other than A.B., mother had four children, none of whom lived with her. Mother
    conceded she was unable to care for A.B. at the time of the termination hearing because she was
    financially unstable and because she “needed to start working on [her] recovery [from] . . . drug
    addiction.”
    Analysis
    Mother asserts in her assignment of error that the trial court erred in terminating her
    parental rights because she had substantially remedied the conditions leading to A.B.’s removal
    and because termination was not in A.B.’s best interests. Despite this assignment of error,
    mother concedes in her opening brief she “had not yet remedied the conditions that led to the
    removal [at the time her rights were terminated].” Her contention she had “substantially
    remedied” the conditions leading to removal rests on her counselor’s testimony she had made
    -4-
    “substantial progress” in the treatment of her mental health during the year prior to the
    termination hearing.
    While mother’s counselor, Laura Lungarelli, testified that mother’s dissociative disorder
    had improved over the past year, Lungarelli also acknowledged her condition required
    hospitalization four times during the prior year, one of which occurred within a month of the
    termination hearing. Lungarelli provided no timetable as to when she expected mother would
    recover from her condition. She characterized mother’s dissociative disorder as “difficult” and
    admitted “it’s something that you can’t predict.”
    “‘The trial court’s judgment, “when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be
    disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.”’” 
    Id. at 266,
    616
    S.E.2d at 769 (quoting 
    Fields, 46 Va. App. at 7
    , 614 S.E.2d at 659 (other citation omitted)). “In
    its capacity as factfinder, therefore, the circuit court retains ‘broad discretion in making the
    decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.’” 
    Id. (quoting Farley
    v. Farley,
    
    9 Va. App. 326
    , 328, 
    387 S.E.2d 794
    , 795 (1990)).
    Pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2),
    [t]he residual parental rights of a parent or parents of a child placed
    in foster care . . . may be terminated if the court finds, based upon
    clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interests of the
    child and that:
    *      *       *       *       *       *       *
    [t]he parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or
    unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve
    months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
    substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
    of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
    reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
    or other rehabilitative agencies to such end. Proof that the parent
    or parents, without good cause, have failed or been unable to make
    substantial progress towards elimination of the conditions which
    led to or required continuation of the child’s foster care placement
    in accordance with their obligations under and within the time
    -5-
    limits or goals set forth in a foster care plan filed with the court or
    any other plan jointly designed and agreed to by the parent or
    parents and a public or private social, medical, mental health or
    other rehabilitative agency shall constitute prima facie evidence of
    this condition. The court shall take into consideration the prior
    efforts of such agencies to rehabilitate the parent or parents prior to
    the placement of the child in foster care.
    At the time mother’s parental rights were terminated on January 9, 2014, A.B. had been
    removed from her custody for over a year. While mother sought treatment for her mental health
    issues, she acknowledged she was unable to care for A.B. at the time of the termination hearing.
    In addition to being unemployed, she continued to abuse alcohol and drugs up to a month prior to
    the hearing. Dr. Wald agreed with mother that she was incapable of parenting A.B., and he
    opined that her prognosis for her long-standing mental health issues was “very poor.” Although
    mother’s counselor was more optimistic, she could offer no time frame by which mother would
    recover. She also acknowledged mother’s mental health issues had required multiple
    hospitalizations in the past year.
    “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting
    to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.”
    Kaywood v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 
    10 Va. App. 535
    , 540, 
    394 S.E.2d 492
    , 495 (1990).
    Virginia law recognizes the “maxim that, sometimes, the most
    reliable way to gauge a person’s future actions is to examine those
    of his past.” Petry v. Petry, 
    41 Va. App. 782
    , 793, 
    489 S.E.2d 458
    ,
    463 (2003). “As many courts have observed, one permissible
    ‘measure of a parent’s future potential is undoubtedly revealed in
    the parent’s past behavior with the child.” 
    Id. (citation omitted).
                   “No one can divine with any assurance the future course of human
    events. Nevertheless, past actions and relationships over a
    meaningful period serve as good indicators of what the future may
    be expected to hold.” Winfield v. Urquhart, 
    25 Va. App. 688
    ,
    696-97, 
    492 S.E.2d 464
    , 467 (1997) (citations omitted).
    -6-
    
    Toms, 46 Va. App. at 267-68
    , 616 S.E.2d at 770. Here, despite evidence mother loved A.B., she
    was unable to provide him with the stable home and care necessary to meet his needs. She
    points to no evidence supporting her assertion that termination was not in A.B.’s best interests.
    The decision of the trial court is supported by clear and convincing evidence, and
    accordingly, is affirmed.
    Affirmed.
    -7-