George H. Samartino v. Fairfax County Fire and Rescue , 64 Va. App. 499 ( 2015 )

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Petty and Decker
PUBLISHED
Argued at Richmond, Virginia
GEORGE H. SAMARTINO
OPINION BY
v. Record No. 1406-14-4 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
MARCH 24, 2015
FAIRFAX COUNTY FIRE AND RESCUE
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Michael A. Kernbach (Law Office of Michael A. Kernbach, P.C., on
brief), for appellant.
Jamie M Greenzweig, Assistant County Attorney (David P. Bobzien,
County Attorney; Peter D. Andreoli, Jr., Deputy County Attorney;
Karen L. Gibbons, Senior Assistant County Attorney; Office of the
County Attorney, on brief), for appellee.
George H. Samartino (“Samartino”) appeals the decision of the Virginia Workers’
Compensation Commission finding that he did not prove total or partial disability resulting from
leukemia entitling him to benefits pursuant to Code § 65.2-402(C). In this case, the parties do
not disagree that Samartino was a firefighter who had been diagnosed with an occupational
disease. The only dispute was whether he was disabled as a result of his disease.
I. BACKGROUND
This Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party
before the commission. See Crisp v. Brown’s Tysons Corner Dodge, Inc., 1 Va. App. 503, 504,
339 S.E.2d 916, 916 (1986). As such, the evidence viewed in the light most favorable to Fairfax
County Fire and Rescue (“the employer”) is as follows.
On August 28, 2013, Samartino filed a claim for benefits alleging an occupational
disease, leukemia, that arose out of and in the course of his employment. Pursuant to Code
§ 65.2-402(C) he sought temporary total disability benefits for September 11, 2012, September
13, 2012, September 15-19, 2012, October 3, 2012, October 18, 2012, October 19, 2012, October
30, 2012, December 10, 2012, and March 3, 2013, as well as a lifetime award for medical
expenses.
During the November 21, 2013 hearing before the deputy commissioner, the parties
stipulated that at the time of the hearing Samartino was employed as a firefighter for more than
twelve years by Fairfax County Fire and Rescue and his weekly salary was $1,404.97. They also
stipulated that Samartino was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on September 18,
2012.
Samartino testified that during the course of his seventeen years of employment as a first
responder, he was exposed to fire, smoke, and diesel fumes. In the fall of 2012, he began to feel
ill. Samartino explained that the days that he missed work were either because he was not
feeling well from the symptoms of his illness or was attending medical appointments related to
his treatment. In general, if Samartino needed to leave for a medical appointment, he recorded
his time as sick leave.
On September 11, 2012, Samartino took sick leave for twelve hours of his
twenty-four-hour shift to attend a doctor’s appointment with oncologist Dr. John P. Williams.
He worked the remaining twelve hours on that shift. On September 13, 2012, Samartino worked
a full twenty-four-hour shift. Dr. Williams indicated in his office records that Samartino
presented with lipomas and three lesions. Dr. Williams felt that biopsy of the lesions was
appropriate under the circumstances because Samartino was employed as a first responder,
which has been associated with increased risk of cancer incidents. He conducted the biopsy and
noted that he would call Samartino with the pathology results.
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Dr. Williams provided Samartino with a note dated September 14, 2012 stating that
Samartino was under his care from September 15 to 19, 2012, and that he was able to return to
work on September 20, 2012. On September 15, 2012, Samartino worked twelve hours of his
twenty-four-hour shift and took sick leave the remaining twelve hours. Samartino was not on the
schedule to work September 16, 17, 18, or 19, 2012. Samartino was officially diagnosed with
leukemia on September 18, 2012. He returned to work on September 20, 2012 and worked a full
twenty-four-hour shift.
Samartino saw oncologist Dr. Jey A. Maran on October 3, 2012—he again took sick
leave for twelve hours of his twenty-four-hour shift and worked twelve hours. Dr. Maran did not
restrict his work activities in any way. There is no record whether Samartino worked or took
sick leave on October 18, 2012 because that date is not on his time sheet or otherwise addressed
in the record. On October 19, 2012, he had a follow-up appointment with Dr. Maran. That same
day Samartino worked twelve hours, took twelve hours sick leave, and earned several hours of
“comp” time. On October 30, 2012, he did not work his normal twenty-four-hour shift but took
sick leave for 19.2 hours and annual leave for 4.8 hours.
Samartino saw Dr. Maran on December 10, 2012 after going to the emergency room the
night before complaining of neck pain and a fever. Samartino worked twelve hours of his
twenty-four-hour shift and took sick leave the remaining twelve hours. At the December 10,
2012 appointment, Dr. Maran concluded that Samartino’s “current symptoms [we]re unrelated to
the lymphoma.” He did not put any restrictions on Samartino’s work activities.
On March 3, 2013, Samartino’s time sheet indicated that he took twenty-four hours of
sick leave, but there is no corresponding medical record or testimony that explains his absence.
The deputy commissioner issued a decision on January 23, 2014 granting Samartino’s
claim for benefits. She found that the evidence established that Samartino had been exposed to a
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variety of toxins over the course of his seventeen-year career as a firefighter. He was diagnosed
with leukemia, and both his treating physicians opined that such exposure was a risk factor in the
development of his leukemia. The deputy commissioner found that the employer presented no
evidence to the contrary to rebut the statutory presumption of an award and therefore rejected the
employer’s claim that Samartino did not suffer a disability as a result of his leukemia. She found
that Samartino was totally disabled for the dates he claimed and was entitled to the presumption
granted pursuant to Code § 65.2-402(C). Samartino was awarded temporary total disability for
all the claimed dates and medical benefits for as long as necessary pursuant to Code § 65.2-603.
The commission, with one commissioner dissenting, reversed the deputy commissioner’s
decision and concluded that Samartino failed to prove a disability resulting from his leukemia.
The commission concluded that “having considered the evidence in its entirety, we find that the
claimant was not disabled as alleged.” As the factual basis for this conclusion, the commission
pointed to the fact that on many of the days that Samartino claimed he was disabled he worked
for twelve hours of his twenty-four-hour shift. The commission acknowledged that Samartino
missed work for medical appointments—however that fact alone failed to establish that he was
disabled. Drs. Williams and Maran filled out questionnaires prepared by Samartino’s counsel
that concluded that he was “completely and totally disabled from any and all work as a direct
result of his leukemia” on all the claimed dates; however, the commission found that their
conclusions were undermined by the fact that Samartino consistently performed his full duties on
the days he did not attend medical appointments. Moreover, Dr. Maran’s opinion that he was
disabled on all the claimed dates as a direct result of his leukemia was directly contradicted by
his office notes for Samartino’s December 10, 2012 visit where he concluded that Samartino’s
“current symptoms [we]re unrelated to the lymphoma.”
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II. ANALYSIS
If supported by credible evidence, the factual findings of the commission are binding on
appeal. Code § 65.2-706(A); Manassas Ice & Fuel Co. v. Farrar, 13 Va. App. 227, 229, 409
S.E.2d 824, 826 (1991). “The fact that there is contrary evidence in the record is of no
consequence if there is credible evidence to support the [c]ommission’s finding.” Wagner
Enters., Inc. v. Brooks, 12 Va. App. 890, 894, 407 S.E.2d 32, 35 (1991).
Code § 65.2-402, titled “[p]resumption as to death or disability from respiratory disease,
hypertension or heart disease, cancer,” subsection (C) provides that
Leukemia . . . causing the death of, or any health condition or
impairment resulting in total or partial disability of, any volunteer
or salaried firefighter . . . having completed twelve years of
continuous service who has a contact with a toxic substance
encountered in the line of duty shall be presumed to be an
occupational disease, suffered in the line of duty, that is covered by
this title, unless such presumption is overcome by a preponderance
of competent evidence to the contrary.
“‘In order to establish a prima facie case, the claimant need only prove his occupation and his
disability from one of the diseases identified by statute. The presumption [then] shifts the burden
of going forward with the evidence from the claimant to the employer.’” Town of Purcellville
Police v. Bromser-Kloeden, 35 Va. App. 252, 259, 544 S.E.2d 381, 384 (2001) (quoting City of
Norfolk v. Lillard, 15 Va. App. 424, 427, 424 S.E.2d 243, 245 (1992)).1 The purpose of the
Code § 65.2-402 presumption “is to establish by law, in the absence of evidence, a causal
connection between certain occupations and death or disability resulting from specified
diseases.” Bass v. City of Richmond Police Dep’t, 258 Va. 103, 112, 515 S.E.2d 557, 561
1
Once the claimant makes a prima facie case, in order to overcome the statutory
presumption created by Code § 65.2-402 “the employer must show, by a preponderance of the
evidence, both that 1) the claimant’s disease was not caused by his employment, and 2) there was
a non-work-related cause of the disease.” Bass v. City of Richmond Police Dep’t, 258 Va. 103,
114, 515 S.E.2d 557, 562-63 (1999).
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(1999)); see also Lillard, 15 Va. App. at 430, 424 S.E.2d at 247 (“Code § 65.1-47.1 (now
§ 65.2-402) has long been recognized as a remedial statute, enacted by the legislature to
overcome the difficulty that a firefighter would otherwise have in proving causation.”). Thus, in
order to establish the relevant prima facie case necessary to secure the benefit of the rebuttable
presumption in Code § 65.2-402(C), a claimant must prove his occupation as a firefighter and his
resulting disability from leukemia, or other enumerated disease. See Tomes v. James City Fire,
39 Va. App. 424, 431-32, 573 S.E.2d 312, 316 (2002) (applying Code § 65.2-402(A)).
“‘Disability from a disease has been defined as the stage when the disease prevents the
employee from performing his work efficiently.’” Id. (quoting Salyer v. Clinchfield Coal Corp.,
191 Va. 331, 338, 61 S.E.2d 16, 20 (1950)). Whether a claimant is disabled is a factual finding.
See Tumlin v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, 18 Va. App. 375, 378, 444 S.E.2d 22, 23 (1994). If
supported by credible evidence, the factual findings of the commission are binding on appeal.
Code § 65.2-706(A); Manassas Ice & Fuel Co., 13 Va. App. at 229, 409 S.E.2d at 826. “The fact
that there is contrary evidence in the record is of no consequence if there is credible evidence to
support the Commission’s finding.” Wagner Enters., 12 Va. App. at 894, 407 S.E.2d at 35.
Thus, this Court is bound by the commission’s factual finding that a claimant is not disabled as a
result of his disease if there is credible evidence in the record to support it.
In this case, the parties agree that Samartino was a firefighter that had been diagnosed
with leukemia—their only dispute was whether he had a resulting disability from his illness. The
commission found that he did not. In making its determination, the commission relied
exclusively on an unpublished opinion from this Court, Lipscomb v. City of Lynchburg, No.
2157-13-3, 2014 Va. App. LEXIS 210 (Va. Ct. App. May 27, 2014). In Lipscomb, this Court
held that “a claimant must show entitlement to some form of economic indemnity” in order to
establish a prima facie case under Code § 65.2-402 . Id. at *18. The Lipscomb holding relied
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heavily on the reasoning articulated in an earlier unpublished opinion, Lussen v. City of Roanoke
Fire & EMS, No. 1705-03-3, 2003 Va. App. LEXIS 652, at *6 (Va. Ct. App. Dec. 16, 2003),
which stated: “Under the terms of Code § 65.2-402, in order for the presumption to apply and to
result in an award, a covered claimant must prove [1] the disease and [2] a resulting disability.”
Although the claimant in Lipscomb provided evidence that he had one of the statutorily listed
diseases and that “he was physically incapacitated for the three days he was hospitalized, he did
not demonstrate any entitlement to economic indemnity for his physical incapacitation.”
Lipscomb, 2014 Va. App. LEXIS 210, at *19. Moreover, he could not prove that his disease
affected his ability to perform his employment duties. Id. at *18-19. Consequently, this Court
held that the commission did not err in finding that Lipscomb failed to prove he suffered from a
disability as a result of his heart disease, and therefore, the presumption in Code § 65.2-402 did
not apply. Id. at *18.
Today we clarify our holding in Lipscomb.2 All that is required to invoke the statutory
presumption is proof of the disease and proof of a disability resulting from that disease. A right
to economic indemnity is only one factor that a fact finder may consider in determining if a
person is disabled as a result of his illness—in other words, whether he has reached “‘the stage
when the disease prevents the employee from performing his work efficiently.’” Tomes, 39
Va. App. at 431-32, 573 S.E.2d at 316 (quoting Salyer, 191 Va. at 338, 61 S.E.2d at 20). Proof
of entitlement to economic indemnity may be used to support a finding that a claimant is
disabled, however its absence is not dispositive of a finding that a claimant is not disabled.
Based on the above, we hold that the commission’s finding is supported by credible
evidence in the record that Samartino’s leukemia did not result in a disability because he was still
2
Unpublished opinions of this Court, while having no precedential value, are
nevertheless persuasive authority. See Otey v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 346, 351 n.3, 735
S.E.2d 255, 258 n.3 (2012).
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capable of performing his full duties. For example, many of the days that he was claiming total
disability, he worked for twelve hours and took sick leave for the remaining twelve hours of his
twenty-four-hour shift. In sum, the commission did not find that Samartino had established a
prima facie case necessary to secure the benefit of the rebuttable presumption in Code
§ 65.2-402(C) because he failed to prove that his leukemia had reached a stage that prevented
him from performing his work efficiently, thereby making him disabled as a result of his disease.
Although Samartino points to many facts in the record that may suggest he was disabled by his
illness, “[t]he fact that there is contrary evidence in the record is of no consequence if there is
credible evidence to support the [c]ommission’s finding.” Wagner Enters., 12 Va. App. at 894,
407 S.E.2d at 35.
At oral argument, Samartino argued that this interpretation of the term disability was
incorrect because, if so, future claims under Code § 65.2-402(C) would be forever barred by the
expiration of the two-year statute of limitations. It is certainly true that Code § 65.2-406(A)(6)
provides that the right to compensation for occupational diseases “shall be forever barred unless
a claim is filed with the Commission within” “two years after a diagnosis of the disease is first
communicated to the employee.” However, we do not agree with Samartino’s argument that our
decision today bars him from making a claim in the future.
In Tomes, the claimant, also a firefighter, was diagnosed in 1995 with “virtually
reversible obstruction,” which is “essentially a mild asthma variant of adult onset reversible
obstruction airways disease.” 39 Va. App. at 427, 573 S.E.2d at 313. However, after his
progressively worsening lung disease became disabling, the claimant’s lung condition was
diagnosed in 2000 as “irreversible chronic pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of his
asthma,” and his doctor directed him to not to return to work as an active firefighter for at least
two months. Id. at 427, 573 S.E.2d at 314. The claimant filed claims in 1997 and 2000 for
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medical benefits. The commission rejected his 1997 claim because it found that he had
“sustained no disability as a result of the disease communicated to him on October 30, 1995.”
Id. at 431, 573 S.E.2d at 315. The commission additionally found that the claimant’s 2000 claim
was barred by the two-year statute of limitations because it was not a separate claim from his
1997 claim. Id. at 433, 573 S.E.2d at 314. This Court reversed the commission’s decision and
found that his 2000 claim was not barred by the two-year statute of limitations. “[A]fter failing
to prove he had a compensable occupational disease based on his first diagnosis and claim,” the
claimant “received a second diagnosis and filed a timely second claim pertaining to the same
condition, which has since worsened and become compensable.” Id. at 434-35, 573 S.E.2d at
317.
Expanding on the rule articulated in Tomes, a claimant’s subsequent claim for benefits is
not categorically barred by the statute of limitations merely because the claimant filed an
unsuccessful earlier claim that arose from the same initial disease. If a claimant receives a
second diagnosis as result of a worsening of his initial condition, his second claim may be
compensable. Not every occupational disease is immediately disabling, though one may
certainly progress to the point that it is. A second claim may be compensable if the illness has
reached “the stage when the disease prevents the employee from performing his work
efficiently.’” Id. at 431-32, 573 S.E.2d at 316 (emphasis added) (quoting Salyer, 191 Va. at 338,
61 S.E.2d at 20).
The statute of limitations for filing a claim is triggered “after a diagnosis of the disease is
first communicated to the employee.” Code § 65.2-406(A)(6) (emphasis added). Therefore, in
determining if a second claim is barred by the statute of limitations the question hinges on the
meaning of “diagnosis.” The plain meaning of diagnosis is “the art or act of identifying a disease
from its signs and symptoms.” Webster’s Third International Dictionary 662 (1993). This
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definition is broad enough to encompass not only the identification of the name of the disease but
also the identification of the disease’s symptomatic progression and impact on quality of life and
ability to perform tasks. Like in Tomes, if a patient’s symptoms change or worsen, he may be
diagnosed with a more severe stage of a disease and consequently trigger the beginning of a new
filing period.3 Construing the statute otherwise would be inconsistent with the remedial purpose
of the statute to protect public servants that become ill as a result of their employment. See
Lillard, 15 Va. App. at 430, 424 S.E.2d at 247. Reading the statute in such a manner would
punish employees who continue to work when they are not yet disabled by their disease because
their illness has not yet reached the stage of the disease where they are prevented from
performing their work efficiently.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, because there is credible evidence in the record to support the commission’s
factual finding that Samartino was not actually disabled by his disease because he could still
perform his employment duties, we must affirm the commission’s decision.
Affirmed.
3
However, this does not obviate the claimant’s duty to notify his employer within two
years of when he is first informed that he has an occupational disease because “[i]f an employee
receives a communication of a diagnosis of an occupational disease, and does not act on that
communication prior to the running of the statute of limitations, then he is barred from filing a
later claim based on a later diagnosis.” Parris, 2 Va. App. at 225, 343 S.E.2d at 458.
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