Dawn Davis, f/k/a Dawn D. Belcher v. Patrick L. Belcher ( 2010 )

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Alston and Senior Judge Coleman
DAWN DAVIS, F/K/A
DAWN D. BELCHER
MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v. Record No. 2310-09-1 PER CURIAM
APRIL 13, 2010
PATRICK L. BELCHER
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF SUFFOLK
Rodham T. Delk, Jr., Judge
(Kristen D. Hofheimer; Hofheimer/Ferrebee, P.C., on brief), for
appellant.
(James A. Evans; T. Kirk Pretlow, Guardian ad litem for the minor
child; Evans & Bryant, PLC; Pretlow & Pretlow, on brief), for
appellee.
Dawn Davis, f/k/a Dawn D. Belcher (mother), appeals the trial court’s custody decision
awarding primary physical custody of the parties’ child to Patrick L. Belcher (father). Mother
argues that the trial court erred by (1) making an award of physical custody which was punitive and
not supported by the evidence as applied to Code § 20-124.3; (2) giving undue weight to the
custody evaluator’s updated report; and (3) failing to allow counsel for the parties to put on rebuttal
evidence or argument after the Guardian ad litem (GAL) made his oral recommendation. Upon
reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
BACKGROUND
“On appeal, we must view the evidence, and all reasonable inferences flowing from the
evidence, in a light most favorable to . . . the party prevailing below.” Artis v. Jones, 52
Va. App. 356, 359, 663 S.E.2d 521, 522 (2008) (citing Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255,
258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 835 (2003)).
The parties married on November 8, 2003, separated on May 27, 2007, and divorced on
September 23, 2009. There was one child born of the marriage.
When the parties separated, mother and father argued, and father threatened to kill
himself. Mother took the child and left the marital residence. Father did not visit with the child
until November 30, 2007, when the trial court awarded him supervised visitation. Dr. Brian
Wald performed a psychological/custody evaluation of the parents. In his report dated February
26, 2008, he recommended that the parties have joint legal custody and mother have primary
physical custody. Dr. Wald recommended unsupervised visitation between father and the child
and suggested that the visitations gradually increase. He also recommended that father continue
his therapy and treatment with his counselor. On June 12, 2009, Dr. Wald prepared an updated
report. He visited with father and the child in father’s home. Dr. Wald tried to visit with mother
and the child in her home, but due to a communication error, Dr. Wald was unable to conduct a
home study with mother. 1 He now recommended joint legal custody, with primary physical
custody to father. Dr. Wald stated that his recommendation of a change in physical custody was
based on his concerns about mother:
1
Dr. Wald testified that he contacted mother and scheduled a time for a home visit.
When he arrived at her house, she was not home, and when he tried to call her, she did not
answer her phone. He left a note for her to call him while he was in Manassas to schedule a
home visit, but she did not call. Mother testified that they had not scheduled a home visit. They
had discussed that Dr. Wald would be in the area, but they did not confirm a time. She went to
dinner with her family on the date in question and did not have her cell phone with her.
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I believe that the issue of prior psychological problems of
Mr. Belcher is no longer an issue. However, the ongoing issue of
Ms. Belcher not cooperating with visitation and blatantly not
cooperating with the current Court ordered evaluation causes this
writer considerable concern about her ability to look out for her
son’s best interests. Therefore, given the tendency of Ms. Belcher
to deny visits to Mr. Belcher and not cooperate with the Court, it is
now my opinion that the parents may not be able to successfully
share custody, and Mr. Belcher may be the more appropriate
primary custodial parent.
After presenting the evidence, both parties gave their closing arguments, and the GAL
gave his recommendation, which was joint legal custody with primary physical custody to father.
The trial court reviewed the factors from Code § 20-124.3 and held that the parties would have
joint legal custody with primary physical custody to father. Mother timely noted her appeal.
ANALYSIS
Physical Custody
Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion by making an award of physical
custody, which was punitive and not supported by the evidence presented as applied to the
factors in Code § 20-124.3.
“In matters of custody, visitation, and related child care issues, the court’s paramount
concern is always the best interests of the child.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 327-28, 387
S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990). “As long as evidence in the record supports the trial court’s ruling and
the trial court has not abused its discretion, its ruling must be affirmed on appeal.” Brown v.
Brown, 30 Va. App. 532, 538, 518 S.E.2d 336, 338 (1999). “Where the record contains credible
evidence in support of the findings made by that court, we may not retry the facts or substitute
our view of the facts for those of the trial court.” Ferguson v. Stafford County Dep’t of Soc.
Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 336, 417 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1992).
A court “shall consider” the factors in Code § 20-124.3 to determine the “best interests of
a child” for custody or visitation. Code § 20-124.3. However, a court “‘is not required to
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quantify or elaborate exactly what weight or consideration it has given to each of the statutory
factors.’” Sargent v. Sargent, 20 Va. App. 694, 702, 460 S.E.2d 596, 599 (1995) (quoting
Woolley v. Woolley, 3 Va. App. 337, 345, 349 S.E.2d 422, 426 (1986)).
Mother contends the evidence presented shows that she was better suited to be the child’s
custodial parent, as she has been for the majority of the child’s life. Mother asserts that the trial
court ruled that father should be the custodial parent in order to punish mother for the
miscommunication between her and Dr. Wald in scheduling a home visit. She also argues that
the GAL emphasized too much of what may happen, i.e. mother will not communicate well with
father or encourage a relationship between father and child if mother has primary physical
custody. The GAL stated:
But I think if she has custody, I think she’s going to dig her heels
in, and all she’s going to do is comply only with the Court order
and I think that’s going to be to the detriment of [the child]
because the child needs the love and care of both parents and they
need to be working together and I think that’s the only way you’re
going to get her to work together as if her back is somewhat
against the wall.
Mother contends that the parties have been working together on visitation issues, and witnesses
testified that the visitation exchanges had improved.
The trial court discussed the Code § 20-124.3 factors in explaining its order. The trial
court emphasized that the child needs both of his parents and he needs them to “communicate
openly and honestly with each other in a spirit of cooperation about his best interest.” There was
evidence of conflict between mother and father, and mother’s failure to communicate with
father.
There was no evidence the custody ruling was punitive to mother. The trial court noted
that her testimony and Dr. Wald’s testimony conflicted as to whether they had scheduled an
appointment for him to conduct a home study, but Dr. Wald’s testimony was “not impeached . . .
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when he testified that he gave notice.” Despite this mention of the miscommunication between
mother and Dr. Wald, the trial court stated that it took all of the factors into account, with “no
one factor necessarily more important than the other,” when it determined that the child’s best
interests would be served if father had physical custody.
Mother further contends the trial court erred because it did not consider the history of
family abuse as required by Code § 20-124.3(9); yet in her closing argument, counsel did not
mention family abuse as a factor for the court to consider. Mother’s counsel stated, “If Your
Honor looks at those factors, the preference of the child, family abuse, that’s not an issue in this
case.” Furthermore, mother did not object to the trial court not mentioning this factor in its
ruling. We “will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial court.”
Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998).
Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding physical custody of
the child to father.
Custody Evaluator’s Report
Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in giving undue weight to the
custody evaluator’s updated report.
In issuing its ruling, the trial court noted the conflicting testimony between mother and
Dr. Wald. It even commented on mother’s argument that Dr. Wald changed his recommendation
from physical custody to mother in his first report to physical custody to father in his second
report in order to punish her for not meeting with him. The trial court did not accept this
argument. The trial court explained, “I don’t know what happened with respect to [Dr. Wald’s]
visitation efforts, but the fact is that it did not occur, and Dr. Wald’s testimony was not
impeached in this case when he testified he gave notice.”
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“It is well established that the trier of fact ascertains a witness’ credibility, determines the
weight to be given to their testimony, and has the discretion to accept or reject any of the
witness’ testimony.” Street v. Street, 25 Va. App. 380, 387, 488 S.E.2d 665, 668 (1997)
(en banc).
The trial court accepted Dr. Wald’s testimony and his report. This was evidence that the
trial court considered in making its ruling, but it was not the only factor that the trial court
considered. As discussed above, the trial court considered all of the Code § 20-124.3 factors,
with “no one factor necessarily more important than the other,” and did not base its ruling
primarily on Dr. Wald’s report.
Therefore, the trial court did not place undue weight on Dr. Wald’s updated report.
Rebuttal Argument after GAL’s Recommendation
Mother argues that the trial court erred in failing to allow counsel for the parties to put on
rebuttal evidence or argument after the GAL made his oral recommendation.
Prior to closing argument, the trial court explained that it would hear from mother’s
counsel, father’s counsel, and then the GAL, and neither party would have a chance to present
rebuttal argument. Mother’s counsel asked for clarification from the trial court, and the trial
court confirmed that mother would not have a chance to rebut the GAL. At the time, mother did
not object to the trial court’s procedure. The first time that mother noted her objection was in the
motion for reconsideration.
The Court of Appeals will not consider a claim of trial court error as a ground for reversal
“where no timely objection was made, except to attain the ends of justice.” Marshall v.
Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 627, 636, 496 S.E.2d 120, 125 (1998) (citing Rule 5A:18). “To be
timely, an objection must be made when the occasion arises -- at the time the evidence is offered
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or the statement made.” Marlowe v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 619, 621, 347 S.E.2d 167, 168
(1986).
Since mother did not object when the trial court announced its procedure for closing
arguments, the issue was not preserved, and we will not consider this question presented. Rule
5A:18.
Attorney’s Fees
Both parties have requested an award of attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal. See
O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On consideration
of the record before us, we decline to award either party attorney’s fees and costs on appeal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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