Jesse E. Bowling, Jr. v. P & G Oil Corp. ( 1996 )


Menu:
  •                     COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
    Present:   Judges Bray, Annunziata and Overton
    JESSE E. BOWLING, JR.
    v.   Record No. 1540-96-3                        MEMORANDUM OPINION *
    PER CURIAM
    P & G OIL CORPORATION t/a                         DECEMBER 10, 
    1996 P.
    & G TRUCKING CORPORATION AND
    THE UNINSURED EMPLOYER'S FUND
    FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION
    (James B. Feinman; Esther S. McGuinn, on
    brief), for appellant.
    (J. Gorman Rosenberger, Jr.; Wilson, Garbee &
    Rosenberger, on brief), for appellee P & G
    Oil Corporation t/a P & G Trucking
    Corporation.
    (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General;
    Robert L. Walker, Assistant Attorney General;
    John J. Beall, Jr., Assistant Attorney
    General, on brief), for appellee The
    Uninsured Employer's Fund.
    Jesse E. Bowling, Jr. ("claimant") contends that the
    Workers' Compensation Commission ("commission") erred in denying
    him compensation benefits on the ground that he was an
    independent contractor, rather than an employee of P & G Oil
    Corporation ("P & G"), at the time of his industrial accident.
    Upon reviewing the record and the briefs of the parties, we
    conclude that this appeal is without merit.   Accordingly, we
    summarily affirm the commission's decision.   Rule 5A:27.
    "What constitutes an employee is a question of law; but
    *
    Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
    designated for publication.
    whether the facts bring a person within the law's designation, is
    usually a question of fact."   Baker v. Nussman, 
    152 Va. 293
    , 298,
    
    147 S.E. 246
    , 247 (1929).   Generally, an individual "'is an
    employee if he works for wages or a salary and the person who
    hires him reserves the power to fire him and the power to
    exercise control over the work to be performed.      The power of
    control is the most significant indicium of the employment
    relationship.'"   Behrensen v. Whitaker, 
    10 Va. App. 364
    , 367, 
    392 S.E.2d 508
    , 509-10 (1990) (quoting Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v.
    Gill, 
    224 Va. 92
    , 98, 
    294 S.E.2d 840
    , 843 (1982)).       See also
    Stover v. Ratliff, 
    221 Va. 509
    , 512, 
    272 S.E.2d 40
    , 42 (1980).
    The employer/employee relationship exists if the power to control
    includes not only the result to be accomplished, but also the
    means and methods by which the result is to be accomplished.
    Behrensen, 10 Va. App. at 367, 392 S.E.2d at 510.      Unless we can
    say as a matter of law that claimant's evidence sustained his
    burden of proving that he worked for P & G as an employee rather
    than an independent contractor, the commission's findings are
    binding and conclusive upon us.       Tomko v. Michael's Plastering
    Co., 
    210 Va. 697
    , 699, 
    173 S.E.2d 833
    , 835 (1970).
    In holding that an employee/employer relationship did not
    exist between claimant and P & G, the commission found as
    follows:
    Even without considering the Contract
    Agreement itself, we agree with the Deputy
    Commissioner's conclusion that the claimant
    was an independent contractor. . . . The
    Deputy Commissioner found the defendants
    2
    credible in their testimony regarding the
    claimant's autonomy in selecting his own
    loads and determining his routes and
    schedule. While we are not bound by these
    credibility determinations, we will not
    arbitrarily reject them. The evidence
    reflects that the claimant was given a list
    of brokers whom he was to contact to obtain
    loads to haul. These brokers advanced
    claimant expenses for the trip. The claimant
    reported daily on his whereabouts to the
    defendant, who paid the claimant twenty-five
    percent of the proceeds. The corporation
    owned and maintained the truck, as well as
    the ICC license. However, the claimant was
    free to turn down loads, and chose his own
    routes. These factual findings point towards
    an independent contractor relationship.
    In its role as fact finder, the commission accepted the
    testimony of P & G's witnesses and rejected claimant's testimony
    with regard to his employment status.      It is well settled that
    credibility determinations are within the fact finder's exclusive
    purview.   Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Pierce, 
    5 Va. App. 374
    ,
    381, 
    363 S.E.2d 433
    , 437 (1987).       The testimony of P & G's
    witnesses supports the commission's finding that claimant was not
    an employee of P & G under the Workers' Compensation Act ("the
    Act").   Accordingly, we cannot say as a matter of law that
    claimant's evidence sustained his burden of proof.
    We also find no merit in claimant's argument that even if
    the commission did not err in finding that he was an independent
    contractor, it erred in not holding P & G responsible to him for
    workers' compensation benefits pursuant to Code § 65.2-302.       Code
    § 65.2-302(A)(1) does not provide workers' compensation benefits
    to independent contractors who are not employees under the Act.
    3
    Rather, Code § 65.2-302(A)(1) renders an owner liable for
    workers' compensation benefits to workers employed by a
    subcontractor, where the owner has contracted with the
    subcontractor for the subcontractor to perform work which is a
    part of the owner's trade, business, or occupation.   Code
    § 65.2-302 has no applicability to the facts of this case.
    For these reasons, we affirm the commission's decision.
    Affirmed.
    4