Tracy Irby v. Lifepoint Health and Safety National Casualty Corporation ( 2019 )

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, O’Brien and Russell
UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Lexington, Virginia
TRACY IRBY
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
v. Record No. 0939-18-3 JUDGE WILLIAM G. PETTY
JANUARY 15, 2019
LIFEPOINT HEALTH AND SAFETY NATIONAL
CASUALTY CORPORATION
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Cerid E. Lugar (Lugar Law, on brief), for appellant.
Jonnie L. Speight (Lucas & Kite, PLC, on brief), for appellees.
In this appeal, Tracy Irby argues that the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission
erred in vacating the award it entered on her behalf because the employer did not request a
review of the award within the time period set by the Rules of the Commission. We conclude
Irby’s appeal is premature, and, therefore, we dismiss it.
I. BACKGROUND
Because the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and this
memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, we recite only those facts and incidents of
the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of this appeal.
We view the facts in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below, granting to it the
benefit of any reasonable inferences; we review issues of law de novo. Hall v. Commonwealth,
55 Va. App. 451, 453 (2009).

Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Irby suffered an injury at work on October 20, 2017. She timely filed a claim on
November 3, 2017, which triggered the Commission’s notice to Irby’s employer, Lifepoint
Health, and its insurer, Safety National Casualty Corporation, that they must respond to the claim
within twenty days. On November 6, 2017, the claim administrator for the employer notified the
Commission that the claim was accepted as compensable and that an agreement form had been
mailed to Irby. The agreement form sent to Irby was not signed on behalf of the employer.
Nevertheless, after Irby signed the form, she sent it to the Commission, and the Commission then
entered an award on February 26, 2018, based on the agreement form. The award set out the
compensation due to Irby, the attorney’s fees, and a notice that “[i]f any party wishes to dispute
this Award Order, a Request for Review (appeal) must be filed within 30 days of the date of this
Order.” The employer did not request a review of the award within thirty days. Moreover, based
on a document submitted to the Commission by Irby, the employer apparently signed the
agreement on March 9, 2018. On April 24, 2018, Irby requested a hearing on the matter of
non-payment of attorney’s fees and medical expenses related to the February 26, 2018 award. In
response, the employer filed a motion on May 7, 2018, to vacate the award, arguing that because
it had not signed the agreement at the time the award was entered, the award was entered in error
by the Commission.
The Commission granted the motion to vacate the award and issued a May 14, 2018 order
explaining its decision. Although the Commission agreed that the employer’s request for review
was untimely, it concluded it retained jurisdiction to correct the mistake by the Commission in
entering an award not signed by both parties. The Commission acknowledged that the employer
signed the agreement on March 9, 2018, but reasoned that the belated signature established that
there was no agreement on February 26, 2018, when the Commission entered the award. The
Commission ordered that the case be removed from the review docket and “returned to the
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Commission’s Customer Assistance Department for referral to the appropriate evidentiary
hearing docket.” The order further advised the parties they “may appeal this decision to the
Court of Appeals of Virginia by filing a Notice of Appeal with the Commission and a copy of the
Notice of Appeal with the Court of Appeals of Virginia within 30 days of the date of this
Opinion.”
II. ANALYSIS
The disposition of this appeal is controlled by this Court’s limited jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction is reviewed by this Court de novo.
“This Court is a court of limited jurisdiction.” Tesla, Inc. v. Virginia Auto. Dealers
Ass’n, 68 Va. App. 509, 512 (2018). We have jurisdiction to hear “[a]ny final decision of the
Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission” or “[a]ny interlocutory decree or order entered”
by the Commission that “adjudicat[es] the principles of a cause.” Code § 17.1-405. “As defined
by the Virginia Supreme Court, a final order ‘is one which disposes of the whole subject, gives
all the relief contemplated, provides with reasonable completeness for giving effect to the
sentence, and leaves nothing to be done in the cause save to superintend ministerially the
execution of the order.’” de Haan v. de Haan, 54 Va. App. 428, 436-37 (2009) (quoting James v.
James, 263 Va. 474, 481 (2002)). If “further action of the court in the cause is necessary to give
completely the relief contemplated by the court, the decree is not final but interlocutory.” Id. at
437 (quoting Brooks v. Roanoke Cty. Sanitation Auth., 201 Va. 934, 936 (1960)).
The only interlocutory orders that this Court may consider on appeal are those that
adjudicate the principles of a cause. Code § 17.1-405(4). An order adjudicating the principles of
a cause “must be one that ‘adjudicates the underlying cause.’” de Haan, 54 Va. App. at 439
(quoting City of Richmond–Fire & Emergency v. Brandon, 32 Va. App. 787, 789 (2000)). In
other words, the “order must address ‘the chief object of the suit.’” Id. (alteration omitted)
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(quoting Erikson v. Erikson, 19 Va. App. 389, 391 (1994)). Generally, preliminary rulings “do
not address the merits and therefore cannot be orders that adjudicate the principles of the cause.”
Tesla, 68 Va. App. at 513.
Here, the Commission’s May 14, 2018 order vacating Irby’s award was neither a final
order nor an appealable interlocutory order. It was not a final order because it did not dispose of
Irby’s claim nor give or deny her the relief requested. See de Haan, 54 Va. App. at 436. To the
contrary, it placed Irby’s claim back on the hearing docket for resolution. Although the
Commission’s order advised the parties that the order was final and thus appealable to this Court,
the order’s statement that it was appealable did not make it so. Tuck v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Co., 47 Va. App. 276, 284 (2005); see Grayson (County of) Sch. Bd. v. Cornett, 39 Va. App.
279, 281 (2002) (“[T]his Court is not bound by the legal determinations made by the
[C]ommission.”). “The fact that an order is labeled as final is not dispositive of its finality; the
order must, in fact, be final.” de Haan, 54 Va. App. at 438. This order was not.
Likewise, the order was not an appealable interlocutory order. The order did not
adjudicate the underlying cause. Although the order disposed of the employer’s motion to
vacate, the order did not address “the chief object of the suit,” which was Irby’s claim for
compensation due to a compensable injury. See Tesla, 68 Va. App. at 514. Accordingly, the
interlocutory order did not fall within this Court’s jurisdiction.
Irby argues that although in some circumstances the Commission “has the implied power,
incidental to those expressly granted, to entertain and hear an application, seasonably presented,
to vacate and set aside an award procured through fraud or mistake,” Tuck, 47 Va. App. at 283
(quoting Harris v. Diamond Constr. Co., 184 Va. 711, 721 (1946)), the Commission erred in
vacating her award under the circumstances of this case. We express no opinion at this time as
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to the merits of Irby’s argument.1 “[T]he court has jurisdiction to err, as well as to correctly
adjudicate the questions before it for decision, and the remedy to correct the errors of the court is
solely by appeal.” Jackson v. Jackson, 69 Va. App. 243, 249 (2018) (quoting Erickson-Dickson
v. Erickson-Dickson, 12 Va. App. 381, 389 (1991)). Thus, even if we agreed with Irby that the
Commission erred in vacating the award under these circumstances, “we simply have no
statutory jurisdiction to review the [Commission’s] order at this point in the litigation.” Tesla,
68 Va. App. at 515.
III. CONCLUSION
The Commission’s May 14, 2018 order vacating Irby’s award was neither a final order
nor an interlocutory order adjudicating the cause.2 Thus, Irby’s appeal is premature and this
Court lacks jurisdiction to consider the merits of the case at this time. Accordingly, we dismiss
the appeal.
Dismissed.
1
The Commission’s subject matter jurisdiction is not at issue here since the Workers’
Compensation Commission clearly has subject matter jurisdiction over a workers’ compensation
claim. See Code § 65.2-201. Once the Commission “acquired jurisdiction over the parties and
the subject matter, and its continued exercise of that jurisdiction require[d] a ruling which
depend[ed] upon factual determinations, an error in deciding the facts or the failure to decide
them does not render the ruling void or a nullity.” Erickson-Dickson v. Erickson-Dickson, 12
Va. App. 381, 388-89 (1991).
2
After a final order is entered in the case, if she chooses, Irby may appeal the
Commission’s order vacating the award.
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