Othesues Delano Hairston, s/k/a Othersues Delano Hairston v. Commonwealth of Virginia ( 2012 )


Menu:
  •                                                COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
    Present: Judges Elder, Beales and Senior Judge Willis
    UNPUBLISHED
    Argued at Salem, Virginia
    OTHESUES DELANO HAIRSTON, S/K/A
    OTHERSUES DELANO HAIRSTON
    MEMORANDUM OPINION BY *
    v.       Record No. 1326-11-3                                   JUDGE JERE M.H. WILLIS, JR.
    OCTOBER 9, 2012
    COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
    FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY
    Charles J. Strauss, Judge
    William Edward Cooley for appellant.
    Robert H. Anderson, III, Senior Assistant Attorney General
    (Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General, on brief), for
    appellee.
    On appeal from his conviction in a jury trial of possession of a firearm by a convicted
    felon, Othesues Delano Hairston, s/k/a Othersues Delano Hairston contends that the trial court
    erred in admitting evidence that illegal drugs were recovered from the vehicle in which he was a
    passenger when the charge against him was not drug related. We affirm the judgment of the trial
    court.
    Background
    On September 1, 2010, Deputies Nelson and Owens stopped a vehicle in which Hairston,
    a convicted felon, was a passenger. One officer approached the driver and obtained his
    information while the other spoke with Hairston. Hairston produced no documentary
    identification, but gave the officer his name and social security number.
    *
    Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
    The officers obtained the driver’s consent to search the car. Nelson asked Hairston to
    step out of the vehicle. When the passenger side door opened, Nelson observed a bag of what
    appeared to be cocaine at Hairston’s feet. He seized the bag and handed it to Owens. The bag
    was found to contain thirty-two rocks of cocaine.
    Hairston complained he had hurt himself. He sat back down in the passenger seat and
    leaned forward. When Nelson reached for Hairston’s right hand, Hairston “tensed up and
    reached for his waistband area and then leaned all the way forward.” Ignoring repeated
    commands to give Nelson his hands, Hairston reached down behind his feet. Fearing for his
    safety, Nelson pinned Hairston’s head against the dash and told Owens to taze him.
    After Hairston was taken into custody, the officers found a pistol in the area where he had
    been reaching. They recovered a set of digital scales from the car’s glovebox.
    Analysis
    Hairston was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. He contends the
    trial court erred in admitting evidence that drugs were recovered from the car when he was not
    charged with a drug-related offense. He argues that this evidence 1 should have been excluded
    because its prejudicial impact outweighed its probative value.
    “Decisions on the admissibility of evidence lie within the trial court’s sound discretion
    and will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion.” Mitchell v. Commonwealth,
    
    25 Va. App. 81
    , 84, 
    486 S.E.2d 551
    , 552 (1997). Evidence is generally admissible if it is both
    relevant and material. See Evans-Smith v. Commonwealth, 
    5 Va. App. 188
    , 196, 
    361 S.E.2d 436
    , 441 (1987). “This standard, if nothing else, means that the trial judge’s ‘ruling will not be
    1
    As framed by the assignment of error, the question before us is whether the trial court
    erred in “allowing evidence before a jury of the presence of illegal drugs found in a car in which
    appellant was a passenger . . . .” Hairston does not assign error to all “drug-related” evidence,
    such as the digital scales and the expert testimony related to drug distribution. Accordingly, we
    address only whether the presence of cocaine in the car was properly admitted.
    -2-
    reversed simply because an appellate court disagrees.’” Thomas v. Commonwealth, 
    44 Va. App. 741
    , 753, 
    607 S.E.2d 738
    , 743, adopted upon reh’g en banc, 
    45 Va. App. 811
    , 
    613 S.E.2d 870
    (2005) (quoting Henry J. Friendly, Indiscretion about Discretion, 
    31 Emory L.J. 747
    , 754
    (1982)).
    “Evidence is relevant if it has any logical tendency, however slight, to establish a fact at
    issue in the case.” Ragland v. Commonwealth, 
    16 Va. App. 913
    , 918, 
    434 S.E.2d 675
    , 678
    (1993). “Only when reasonable jurists could not differ can we say an abuse of discretion has
    occurred.” Thomas, 
    44 Va. App. at 753
    , 
    607 S.E.2d at 743
    .
    Here, to prove Hairston had constructive possession of the firearm, the Commonwealth
    was required to show he was “‘aware of both the presence and the character of the [firearm] and
    that it was subject to his dominion and control.’” Logan v. Commonwealth, 
    19 Va. App. 437
    ,
    444, 
    452 S.E.2d 364
    , 368-69 (1994) (en banc) (quoting Powers v. Commonwealth, 
    227 Va. 474
    ,
    476, 
    316 S.E.2d 739
    , 740 (1984)). The Commonwealth presented expert testimony that persons
    involved in drug distribution frequently carry weapons for protection. The expert testified that
    the amount of cocaine found at Hairston’s feet was inconsistent with personal use and that the
    packaging of the cocaine and the presence of the digital scales were consistent with cocaine
    distribution.
    “Many courts have acknowledged the commonsense ‘relationship between the
    distribution of controlled substances . . . and the possession and use of dangerous weapons.’”
    Thomas, 
    44 Va. App. at 755
    , 
    607 S.E.2d at 744
     (quoting Logan, 19 Va. App. at 445, 
    452 S.E.2d at 369
    ). “Guns are the ‘tools of the trade’ in the underground drug world.” Id. at 755, 
    607 S.E.2d at 744-45
     (quoting United States v. White, 
    875 F.2d 427
    , 433 (4th Cir. 1989)). The
    evidence of drugs was therefore probative of whether Hairston knowingly possessed the firearm.
    It tended to prove he had a motive to do so. See id. at 756, 
    607 S.E.2d at 745
    .
    -3-
    While Hairston may have been prejudiced by the admission of the drug evidence, that
    fact, standing alone, does not compel the conclusion that the trial court abused its discretion. “In
    a sense, all ‘evidence tending to prove guilt is prejudicial’ at least from the point of view of the
    person standing trial.” 
    Id. at 757
    , 
    607 S.E.2d at 746
     (quoting Powell v. Commonwealth, 
    267 Va. 107
    , 141, 
    590 S.E.2d 537
    , 558 (2004)).
    “Where a course of criminal conduct is continuous and interwoven,
    consisting of a series of related crimes, the perpetrator has no right
    to have the evidence ‘sanitized’ so as to deny the jury knowledge
    of all but the immediate crime for which he is on trial. The
    fact-finder is entitled to all of the relevant and connected facts,
    including those which followed the commission of the crime on
    trial, as well as those which preceded it; even though they may
    show the defendant guilty of other offenses.”
    
    Id.
     at 757 n.7, 
    607 S.E.2d at
    745 n.7 (quoting Scott v Commonwealth, 
    228 Va. 519
    , 526-27, 
    323 S.E.2d 572
    , 577 (1984)).
    The trial court, in admitting the evidence of drugs, cautioned the jury to consider that
    evidence only in determining whether Hairston knowingly and intentionally possessed the
    firearm. 2 “[I]t is always to be presumed that the jury followed an explicit cautionary instruction
    promptly given, unless the record clearly shows that the jury disregarded it.” Spencer v.
    Commonwealth, 
    240 Va. 78
    , 95, 
    393 S.E.2d 609
    , 619 (1990).
    We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
    Affirmed.
    2
    The trial court instructed the jury it could “consider the evidence that the defendant
    possessed cocaine for distribution only as evidence of the defendant’s intent, motive or the
    defendant’s knowledge in connection with the offense for which he is on trial and for no other
    purpose.”
    -4-