Meyers v. Lue ( 2020 )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA ROANOKE DIVISION ANTHONY JOSE MEYERS, ) Petitioner, ) Civil Action No. 7:19-cv-00835 ) v. ) MEMORANDUM OPINION ) J.C. STREEVAL, ) By: Michael F. Urbanski Respondent. ) Chief United States District Judge MEMORANDUM OPINION On November 18, 2019, petitioner Anthony Jose Meyers, proceeding pro se, filed a petition for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, alleging that he was deprived of good time credits without due process following seven prison disciplinary hearings. This case addresses Incident Report (IR) No. 2484463, which was heard before a Disciplinary Hearing Officer (DHO) on September 26, 2013. On March 3, 2020, respondent J.C. Streeval1 filed a motion to dismiss or, alternatively, for summary judgment with accompanying memorandum, exhibit, and attachments. ECF Nos. 10, 11, 11-1. Meyers did not respond to the motion. For the reasons stated below, the court GRANTS the motion to dismiss or for summary judgment and DISMISSES Meyers’s motion for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. BACKGROUND Meyers is incarcerated at United States Penitentiary (USP), Lee in Jonesville, Virginia. He complains about procedures in a disciplinary hearing that resulted in the loss of good conduct time (GCT). 1 Warden J.C. Streeval has been substituted for Acting Warden D. Lue as respondent in this matter. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d) (allowing substitution of parties for public officers named as parties in an action). In IR No. 2484463, Meyers was charged with possession, manufacture, or introduction of a weapon. ECF No. 11-1 at 67. On August 25, 2013, while conducting a random search of Meyers’s cell, the reporting officer located a homemade weapon in the locker of the cell. Id. at 65, 67. The weapon was approximately eight inches long, sharpened to a point at one end, and bent over on the other end with a piece of string wrapped around the end as a lanyard for a handle. Id. at 67. The IR charging Meyers with possession of a weapon was reviewed by the Unit Disciplinary Committee (UDC). Id. Meyers told the UDC that “It was mine!” Id. The UDC referred the matter to the DHO for a hearing. Id. A hearing before the DHO was held on September 26, 2013. Id. at 64. Meyers waived his right to a staff member and witnesses and presented no documentary evidence. Id. During the hearing Meyers stated that “Its mine, no my cellies [sic].” Id. at 64; see also id. at 19, 65. The DHO found that Meyers committed the prohibited act of possession or introduction of a weapon. Id. at 65. The DHO considered the IR, investigation, and photograph of the weapon. Id. at 64-65. The DHO found that some facts of evidence in the statement of the reporting officer supported a finding that Meyers committed the prohibited act. Id. at 65. The DHO sanctioned Meyers to disallowance of forty-one days of GCT, thirty days of disciplinary segregation, and loss of commissary and phone privileges for 180 days. Id. at 65- 66.2 The DHO thoroughly explained his rationale for the sanctions imposed. Id. at 66. The DHO’s report was issued on October 10, 2013. Id. Although it is unclear when Meyers 2 Meyers states that the disciplinary segregation penalty was suspended pending 180 days of clear conduct. ECF No. 1 at 4. The DHO report does not indicate whether the disciplinary segregation was suspended. ECF No. 11-1 at 65. initially received a copy of the DHO report, a duplicate copy was personally delivered to Meyers on January 20, 2020. Id. 3 Meyers asserts that following the hearing he requested a copy of the DHO report, but he did not receive it. ECF No. 1 at 4. Meyers further alleges that the administrative record does not support the decision and disposition reached by the DHO. Id. at 5. In his petition brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, Meyers claims that his due process rights were violated in the disciplinary hearing proceedings. Id. at 1, 4. He seeks expungement of his disciplinary record and reinstatement of his lost GCT. Id. at 1. Respondent, in his motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for summary judgment, argues that Meyers failed to exhaust his administrative remedies; that his claim that he did not receive the DHO report is contradicted by Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) records; that he has failed to state a claim for a due process violation; and that he received the due process afforded by Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974). ECF No. 10 at 1-2; ECF No. 11 at 1-2. DISCUSSION 3 The DHO report states: [I]nmates will ORDINARILY receive a copy of the DHO report within fifteen work-days of the DHO hearing. In your case, you did not receive the DHO report within the fifteen work day time frame. An inordinate amount of hearings conducted by the DHO, coupled with the absence of the DHO from the institution, did not allow for the preparation of your report within the established time frame. The delay in you receiving your copy of the DHO report will not affect your right to appeal the decision of the DHO. You have twenty calendar days; beginning with the day you receive the DHO report, to file your appeal with the Regional Director (BP-10). ECF No. 11-1 at 66. Meyers’s disciplinary record does not indicate when he received the DHO report. See Id. at 19. According to Special Investigative Services Lieutenant Cory Davis, this does not mean that the report was not delivered but, rather, indicates that staff members neglected to input the information at the time of delivery. See Declaration of Cory Davis, ECF No. 11-1 at 4. I. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies Although § 2241 does not contain a statutory exhaustion requirement, courts require petitioners to exhaust their administrative remedies prior to bringing a habeas corpus cause of action. McClung v. Shearin, 90 F. App’x 444, 445 (4th Cir. 2004). The exhaustion requirement gives prison officials an opportunity to develop a factual record and provides prisons “an opportunity to resolve disputes concerning the exercise of their responsibilities before being haled into court.” Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 204 (2007). Failure to exhaust may be excused only on a showing of cause and prejudice. McClung, 90 F. App’x at 445 (citing Carmona v. United States Bureau of Prisons, 243 F.3d 629, 634 (2d Cir. 2001)). The BOP administrative remedy program is set out at 28 C.F.R. § 542.10 – 542.19. Inmates are directed to first attempt informal resolution of an issue to staff, and each warden establishes procedures for the informal resolution of complaints. 28 C.F.R. § 542.13. If an inmate is not satisfied with the response he receives from his attempt at informal resolution, he may file an administrative remedy request. Id. The deadline for completion of informal resolution and submission of a formal administrative remedy request is twenty days following the date on which the basis for the request occurred. 28 C.F.R. §542.14(a). Administrative remedy requests involving issues other than DHO hearings are submitted to the institution staff member designated to receive such requests. 28 C.F.R. § 542.14(c)(4). Appeals of DHO decisions are submitted initially to the Regional Director for the region where the inmate is located. 28 C.F.R. § 542.14(d)(2). An inmate who is not satisfied with the Regional Director’s response may submit an appeal to the General Counsel within thirty days of the date the Regional Director signed the response. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a). Appeal to the General Counsel is the final administrative appeal. Id. Appeals to the Regional Director are made on BP-10 forms and appeals to the General Counsel are made on BP-11 forms. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(b)(1). In his petition, Meyers does not address the administrative exhaustion requirement. See generally ECF No. 1. Respondent Streeval, with his motion to dismiss or for summary judgment, submitted a declaration from the Special Investigative Services (SIS) Lieutenant for USP Lee, who stated that he had reviewed BOP files and there was no indication that Meyers had filed any administrative remedy requests with respect to IR 2484463. See Decl. of Corey Davis, ECF No. 11-1 at 6. According to SIS Lieutenant Davis, Meyers has filed, or attempted to file, just one administrative remedy during his incarceration. Id. at 5. Therefore, Meyers failed to exhaust his administrative remedies as to IR 2484463. Id. at 6. As noted above, Meyers did not file a reply to respondent’s motion. Because Meyers did not dispute Davis’s declaration that he failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, the court finds that the claims are unexhausted. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) (“If a party fails to properly support an assertion of fact or fails to properly address another party’s assertion of fact as required by Rule 56(c), the court may … consider the fact undisputed for purposes of the motion[.]”); see also ECF No. 11-1 at 6. In addition, the court notes that, according to respondent, after BOP officials discovered that the original DHO reports were missing from Meyers’s central file, they provided him with duplicate reports in January of 2020. ECF No. 11-1 at 4; see also id. at 66 (reflecting delivery of copy of DHO report for IR 2484463 on January 20, 2020). Thus, even if Meyers did not receive a copy of the DHO report after the hearing, he has received it now and has had ample time to exhaust his administrative remedies and so inform the court.4 Accordingly, the court finds that Meyers has not exhausted his administrative remedies and DISMISSES his case for failure to exhaust. II. Merits Respondent Streeval argues in the alternative that Meyers received due process during the disciplinary hearing proceedings and is not entitled to habeas corpus relief. In order to be granted a writ of habeas corpus, a petitioner must show that he is in custody in violation of the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3). In Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995), the Supreme Court described the limited instances in which a prison inmate can make out a claim that a liberty interest has been taken without due process and acknowledged that under certain circumstances a state may create liberty interests which are protected by the Due Process Clause. Id. at 483-84 (citing Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974), and Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215 (1976)). However, the interests generally are limited to those which impose “atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Id. at 484. Meyers lost 41 days of GCT as a result of the infraction, and it is well-established that inmates have a liberty interest in the forfeiture of vested good time credits. Batra v. Smith, No. 3:13CV787, 2016 WL 4249494, at *2 (E.D. Va. Aug. 9, 2016) (citing Henson v. United States Bureau of Prisons, 213 F.3d 897, 898 (5th Cir. 2000)); Downs v. Gill, No. DKC-10-964, 4 The time limits noted above may be extended when an inmate demonstrates a valid reason for the delay. 28 C.F.R. § 542.15(a); see also id. § 542.15(b) (listing possible reasons for delay). 2011 WL 1457757, at *3 (D. Md. Apr. 15, 2011) (citing Henson, 213 F.3d at 898). Thus, GCT can only be taken from a prisoner in a manner that comports with due process. The Supreme Court described the process due a prisoner accused of a disciplinary infraction in Wolff as follows: (1) He must receive written notice of the charges; (2) He must be allowed to call witnesses and present documentary evidence in his defense when permitting him to do so will not be unduly hazardous to institutional safety or correctional goals; and (3) There must be a written statement by the fact finder as to the evidence relied on and reasons for the decision. 418 U.S. at 564, 566. Meyers received written notice of the charges and was afforded the opportunity to present witnesses and evidence. ECF No. 11-1 at 64. He acknowledged that he understood his rights before the DHO. Id. The DHO made a written record noting the evidence relied on to find petitioner guilty and the reasons for the sanctions imposed. Id. at 65-66. Further, even though Meyers did not receive the DHO report immediately after the hearing, he was notified that any delay would not affect his appeal rights, id. at 66, and, in any event, he received a duplicate copy on January 20, 2020, see id. at 4, 66. Meyers has not argued that any delay in issuance of the DHO report to him prejudiced him in his ability to file an administrative appeal. See Williams v. O’Brien, No. 7:08cv00424, 2008 WL 2943146, at *2 n.4 (W.D. Va. July 30, 2008) (noting that late delivery of DHO report to inmate did not affect right to appeal DHO decision where he had an opportunity to show that delay was not his fault); see also Orozco v. Breckon, No. 7:19cv00040, 2020 WL 1542094, at *2 (W.D. Va. Mar. 31, 2020) (“It is not the mere fact of the government’s delay that violates due process, but rather the prejudice resulting from such delay.” (quoting Consolidation Coal Co. v. Borda, 171 F.3d 175, 183 (4th Cir. 1999)). Thus, it appears that Meyers received the process he was due in accordance with Wolff. Meyers also asserts that there was insufficient evidence presented at the hearing to show that he had committed the disciplinary infraction of which he was found guilty. ECF No. 1 at 5. However, it is not the job of the courts to assess the weight of the evidence when reviewing a prison disciplinary hearing, but only to determine whether the guilty finding has support of some facts or any evidence at all. Tyler v. Hooks, 945 F.3d 159, 170 (4th Cir. 2019) (citing Superintendent, Mass. Corr. Inst., Walpole v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 455-56 (1985)). “As long as a hearing officer’s decision is supported by some evidence and the requirements of Wolff have been met, the decision cannot be disturbed on judicial review.” Massengale v. Streeval, No. 7:19cv543, 2020 WL 4227559, at *4 (W.D. Va. July 23, 2020). “[T]he relevant question is whether there is any evidence in the record that could support the conclusion reached by the disciplinary board.” Hill, 472 U.S. at 455-56; see also Tyler, 945 F.3d at 170 (quoting Hill, 472 U.S. at 455-56). Here, the DHO relied on the IR, investigation, and photograph of the weapon in concluding that some evidence supported a finding that Meyers committed the prohibited act of possession or introduction of a weapon. ECF No. 11-1 at 64-65; see also Williams, 2008 WL 2943146, at *2 (noting that “[f]ederal courts will not review the accuracy of a disciplinary committee’s finding[s] of fact” unless “they are unsupported by any evidence or are wholly arbitrary and capricious,” and finding that petitioner had “failed to make any such showing sufficient to displace the DHO’s findings of fact”); see also Moses, 2004 WL 3317657, at *9 (finding that petitioner provided vague unsupported allegations and assertions). The DHO’s finding is neither unsupported nor arbitrary and capricious. Therefore, the court GRANTS respondent’s motion for summary judgment. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the court GRANTS respondent Streeval’s motion to dismiss or, alternatively, motion for summary judgment, ECF No. 10, and DISMISSES Meyers’s motion for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. An appropriate Order will be entered. Entered: December 14, 2020 Michael F. Urbanski ygee_ Chief U.S. District Judge 2020.12.14 21:51:48 -05'00' Michael F. Urbanski Chief United States District Judge