bock v. smith ( 2023 )

STATE OF VERMONT
SUPERIOR COURT eee ty 49g CIVIL DIVISION
Washington Unit PT SR TH FP £9 Docket No. 739-12-16 Wnev
GORDON BOCK
Plaintiff
Vv.
WILLIAM S. SMITH and
NORTHFIELD NEWS PUBLISHING LLC
Defendants
DECISION
Defendants’ Motions to Strike
Plaintiff Gordon Bock has filed suit claiming defamation based on two representations in
a letter to the editor of a newspaper. The letter was written by Defendant William Smith and
published by Defendant Northfield News Publishing. In the letter, Mr. Smith opposed Mr.
Bock’s bid for election to the Vermont House of Representatives.!
Both defendants promptly filed special motions to strike the complaint pursuant to 12
V.S.A. § 1041, Vermont’s anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) statute
and requested statutory awards of attorney fees and costs. Discovery was stayed, 12 V.S.A. §
1041(c)(1), and a hearing was held on the motion on March 6, 2017, id. § 1041(d). The court
now concludes as follows.
The disputed letter to the editor
On the day that Mr. Smith’s letter ran in the Northfield newspaper, another letter critical
of Mr. Bock was also published. It suggested that he was unfit for office due to his violent,
criminal past. Below it was a response from Mr. Bock to the effect that he has learned from his
past mistakes, regrets them, and now works for the public good. Mr. Smith’s letter was placed
below Mr. Bock’s response.
In Mr, Smith’s letter, he supports competing candidates and suggests that while Mr.
Bock’s unflattering past may be “ancient history,” he remains unfit for office. Mr. Bock claims
that two specific representations in Mr. Smith’s letter are defamatory. They are: (1) “A previous
Washington County State’s Attorney told the Free Press that in 1992 Gordon had been kicked
out of my alma mater, Vermont Law School, for cheating.” (2) “But this year he has been
removed from local businesses for disruptive behavior... .”
' Along with the defamation claim, Mr. Bock asks the court to order disciplinary counsel of the Professional
Responsibility Program to investigate Mr. Smith, who is a licensed attorney. There is a separate process for
addressing such requests. The court does not have a role in that process, and this portion of the suit will not be
addressed by this court.
Mr. Bock appears to object to the first statement on the grounds that “kicked out”
overstates what he claims happened. He does not assert that there was no cheating incident, no
action taken by the school, or that the State’s Attorney was not reported to have said that he was
kicked out. He appears to object to the second statement based on nuances implied by the words
“removed” and “disruptive.” He does not state that the incidents referred to did not occur.
The Anti-SLAPP Motion to Strike
Vermont’s anti-SLAPP statute is intended to provide protection against “lawsuits brought
primarily to chill the valid exercise of the constitutional rights of freedom of speech and freedom
to petition government for the redress of grievances.” 2005, No. 134 (Adj. Sess.), § 1(1). The
statute broadly protects:
(1) any written or oral statement made before a legislative, executive, or judicial
proceeding, or any other official proceeding authorized by law;
(2) any written or oral statement made in connection with an issue under
consideration.or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or any other
official proceeding authorized by law;
(3) any written or oral statement concerning an issue of public interest made in a
public forum or a place open to the public; or
(4) any other statement or conduct concerning a public issue or an issue of public
interest which furthers the exercise of the constitutional right of freedom of
speech or the constitutional right to petition the government for redress of
grievances.
12 V.S.A. § 1041(i).
The statute authorizes a defendant who was sued due to, or in anticipation of, the exercise
of those rights to file a special motion to strike the lawsuit at the outset of the case. 12 V.S.A. §
1041(a). If such a motion is filed and the preliminary requisites of applicability are met, then the
burden shifts to the plaintiff to prove that:
(A) the defendant’s exercise of his or her right to freedom of speech and to
petition was devoid of any reasonable factual support and any arguable basis in
law; and
(B) the defendant’s acts caused actual injury to the plaintiff.
Id. § 1041(e)(1). If the plaintiff cannot make such a showing, the court grants the motion to
strike and the defendant is entitled to attorney fees and costs. /d. § 1041(f)(1). Ifthe motion was
frivolous, the plaintiff is entitled to fees and costs. Jd.
The disputed letter in this case plainly is a “written . . . statement concerning an issue of
public interest made in a public forum”: a letter to the editor of a local newspaper expressing
support for and opposition to specific candidates for office. Id. § 1041(i)(3); see also Felis v.
Downs Rachlin Martin PLLC, 2015 VT 129, § 35, 200 Vt. 465 (holding that “the statute requires
all actions to be ‘in connection with a public issue’”). The motions thus fall within the proper
scope of § 1041 and the question turns to whether Mr. Bock has demonstrated that the
representations at issue are “devoid of any reasonable factual support and any arguable basis in
law” and have caused him actual injury.
_ Mr. Bock filed no affidavit or other papers in opposition to the motions to strike. With
his complaint, he attached a police report documenting an exchange between the Northfield
police chief and Mr. Smith, At the hearing, Mr. Bock repeatedly asserted that the disputed
representations are false and clarified that his proof that they are “devoid of any reasonable
factual support” is the police chief’s report attached to his complaint.
Mr. Bock represented at the hearing that Mr. Smith had consulted the police chief prior to
submitting his letter to the editor so the chief could vet the factual allegations of the letter.
According to Mr. Bock, the police chief told Mr. Smith that the removal allegations were false,
advised him not to submit the letter, and told him that if he did he could be sued for defamation.
According to Mr. Bock, Mr. Smith was well aware that his allegations were false but submitted
the letter anyway.
The problem with this argument is that the police chief’s report does not substantiate it.
The report clearly explains that Mr. Smith approached the chief because he was worried about
his personal safety if he submitted the letter, realizing that Mr. Bock would not appreciate it. Mr.
Smith did not consult him to corroborate the facts.. The chief opined that Mr. Bock can be
abnormally loud and demonstrative but does not present a risk of violence “outside of his
intimate circle.” The chief also explained that, to the extent Mr. Smith may have thought that
certain incidents involved Mr. Bock acting violently (these were the incidents that Mr. Smith
referred to as Mr. Bock being removed from local businesses for disruptive behavior), they
generally did not involve violence. Mr. Smith did not allege in the letter that the incidents
involved violence. The police chief did not write in his report that Mr. Bock was nor removed
from local businesses. The police chief did write in his report that the letter might cause a
lawsuit “as anyone can file a complaint with the court for anything.” The report itself does not
support Mr. Bock’s representation of it at the hearing,
With regard to the statement of Mr. Bock being “kicked out” of law school, Mr. Bock did
not show that the State’s Attorney in fact had not been reported to have said that. He further
disputed that “kicked out” is the most accurate way to portray what happened. He did not show,
however, that the assertion completely lacked any reasonable support.
Mr. Bock had the burden of demonstrating that the disputed representations are “devoid
of any reasonable factual support.” He has not done so. What he has done is attempt to portray
the occurrences referred to in a different light, but he has not shown that reasonable factual
‘ oN
support for the statements is lacking. The motions to strike thus must be granted.
Mr. Smith, in support of his motion to strike, affirmatively came forward with
“reasonable factual support” to show that his representations were not devoid of such support.
The court has reviewed that evidence and agrees that it is sufficient to satisfy the statutory
requirement for reasonable factual support. The court declines to reiterate all that evidence here
as the burden was on Mr. Bock to prove the absence of that support—it was not up to Mr. Smith
to prove supporting facts. Mr. Bock did not meet his burden.
Because the first of the two requirements is not met, there is no need to address
Defendants’ argument that Mr. Bock would be unable to show any actual injury.
ORDER
Because the motions to strike are granted, the complaint is hereby stricken.
Defendants are entitled to an award of attorney fees and costs. Jd. § 1041(f)(1).
Defendants shall have 15 days to submit a request for reasonable attorneys’ fees, supported by
specific time and billing records. Plaintiff shall then have 15 days to file any objections to the
reasonableness of the fees requested.
est.
Dated at Montpelier, Vermont this _/4" day of April 2017.
Whew Wb feat
Mary Milgs|Teachout
Superior Judge