State Of Washington, V. G.W.W. ( 2022 )

Filed
Washington State
Court of Appeals
Division Two
February 23, 2022
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 55537-9-II
Respondent,
v.
G.W.W. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant.
LEE, C.J. — G.W.W. appeals the juvenile court’s adjudication of guilt for second degree
theft, arguing that there was insufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s adjudication of
guilt. We agree. Accordingly, we reverse the juvenile court’s order adjudicating G.W.W. guilty
of second degree theft.
FACTS
The State charged G.W.W. with second degree theft by Amended Information on
November 5, 2020. The case proceeded to an adjudication hearing.
Deputy Jared Berken of the Grays Harbor County Sheriff’s Office testified that on October
26, 2020, he responded to a call for a possible theft. Deputy Berken met with G.W.W.’s mother
and G.W.W. Deputy Berken testified that G.W.W. admitted to taking a ring from his mother’s
jewelry box.
Michael Giron, a jeweler, appraised the ring. Giron testified that the replacement cost of
the ring was $1,200. The replacement cost was based on the cost of making a new ring.
No. 55537-9-II
However, Giron explained that used jewelry would not sell for the same as new jewelry.
Giron testified that if the ring was sold to a jeweler, it would be worth approximately $340. And
Giron estimated that a dealer might sell the used ring for $600 or $700.
Following the adjudication hearing, the juvenile court entered the following findings of
fact relevant to this appeal:
7. The retail replacement for the ring is $1,200.00.
8. Defense argument that the value of the ring should be based on what a willing
seller and buyer would agree on, which wouldn’t be $1,200.00, but more likely
$300-$400 did not make sense. The value of the ring is what it would cost if it were
never returned, and it had to be replaced.
Clerk’s Paper’s at 13.
Based on the relevant findings, the juvenile court concluded that the ring was valued at
$1,200. Accordingly, the juvenile court found G.W.W. guilty of second degree theft.
G.W.W. appeals.
ANALYSIS
G.W.W. argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s
adjudication that he was guilty of second degree theft because the evidence showed the market
value of the stolen ring was less than $750. We agree.
We review the juvenile court’s findings of fact for substantial evidence. State v. A.N.J.,
168 Wn.2d 91, 107, 225 P.3d 956 (2010). “‘Substantial evidence’ is evidence sufficient to
persuade a fair-minded person of the truth” of the finding. State v. Homan, 181 Wn.2d 102, 106,
330 P.3d 182 (2014). A juvenile appellant challenging the sufficiency of the evidence admits the
truth of the State’s evidence and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom. State v.
Houston-Sconiers, 188 Wn.2d 1, 15, 391 P.3d 409 (2017). We defer to the juvenile court on issues
2
No. 55537-9-II
of conflicting testimony, witness credibility, and the persuasiveness of the evidence. Homan, 181
Wn.2d at 106. The juvenile court’s findings of fact must support its conclusions of law. Id.A person is guilty of second degree theft if he commits theft of property exceeding $750
but less than $5,000. RCW 9A.56.040. “‘Value’ means the market value of the property or
services at the time and in the approximate area of the criminal act.” RCW 9A.56.010(21)(a).
“Market value is the price a well-informed buyer would pay to a well-informed seller, when neither
is obliged to enter the transaction.” State v. Jussila, 197 Wn. App. 908, 934, 392 P.3d 1108 (2017).
Evidence of retail price or the price paid for an item may be sufficient to establish market
value and is entitled to great weight. State v. Ehrhardt, 167 Wn. App. 934, 944, 276 P.3d 332(2012). However, such evidence may not be too remote in time and must allow the fact finder to
draw reasonable inferences as to the actual market value, including changes to the property
affecting its value. Id. “Evidence other than market value, such as replacement cost, is
inadmissible unless it is first shown that the property has no market value.” Id. at 944-45.
Here, the evidence shows that a jeweler might buy the ring for $340 and sell the used ring
for $600 or $700. Therefore, there is evidence that the market value of the ring is between $340
and $700. Because there was evidence of the ring’s market value, the juvenile court improperly
relied on evidence of the replacement cost of the ring in concluding that the ring was valued at
$1,200.
Although the juvenile court found that the replacement cost of the ring was $1,200, the
juvenile court made no finding establishing the market value of the ring. And because the juvenile
court did not make a finding establishing the market value of the ring, the juvenile court’s findings
do not support its conclusion that the ring was valued at $1,200. Therefore, there was insufficient
evidence to support the juvenile court’s order adjudicating G.W.W. guilty of second degree theft.
3
No. 55537-9-II
Accordingly, we reverse the juvenile court’s order adjudicating G.W.W. guilty of second
degree theft.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,
it is so ordered.
Lee, C.J.
We concur:
Worswick, J.
Maxa, J.
4