State of Washington v. Corey Dean Fawver ( 2015 )

FILED
JUNE 9,2015
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, )
) No. 32271-8-III
Respondent, )
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v. )
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COREYD. FAWVER, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
Appellant. )
KORSMO, J. - Corey Fawver challenges his convictions for first degree burglary
and second degree assault, alleging both that his counsel's performance was flawed and
the evidence did not support the assault conviction. We disagree and affirm.
FACTS
The incident in question arose after Mr. Fawver was forcefully thrown out of a
New Year's Party at the residence of Christopher Pierce in Deer Park. Pierce punched
and pushed Fawver out of the event in the early hours of January 1,2013. Fawver left on
foot and texted a friend that he had been 'jumped" at the party.
Three friends arrived in a truck to pick up Fawver; they were followed in another
car by two other men. The six ~en drove in the two vehicles back to Pierce's residence,
arriving around 3 :00 a.m. Several ofthe men, armed with baseball bats, entered the
No. 32271-8-II1
State v. Fawver
residence and a melee ensued. Many of the partygoers fought back against the invaders.
Two of them identified Fawver as being among the group wielding baseball bats.
Pierce eventually was discovered outside, bleeding from head and face injuries.
Among his injuries, he was discovered to have subdural hematomas and star-shaped skull
fracture consistent with a blunt force injury. Pierce, who did not want to cooperate with
investigators, was found to have a blood a1cohollevel of .17. Fawver, who was
interviewed by police three months after the incident, told them that he also had been
very intoxicated that evening.
Mr. Fawver and another man eventually were jointly charged with first degree
burglary and second degree assault; each charge also was alleged to have been committed
with a deadly weapon other than a firearm. The charging theory on the assault count was
that the two men had assaulted Pierce "with a deadly weapon, to-wit: a baseball bat." I
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Clerk's Papers (CP) at 1-2. Mr. Fawver's matter proceeded to a separate jury trial ,
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without the co-defendant.
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Detective Michael Drapeau testified that he "screen grabbed" images from the
Facebook page of Mr. Corey Fawver. One posting, shared with the jury, was from I
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January 1,2013. Mr. Fawver's name and picture accompanied the post. The post was
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admitted as an exhibit without objection. It read: "Wow What a fun Night ppl [people] in
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dp [Deer Park] are not bad as they think they are." Exhibit 1, see Report of Proceedings
(RP) at 140.
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No. 32271-8-III
State v. Fawver
The defense presented evidence that Mr. Fawver had not wanted to return to the
scene with his friends and had not wielded a weapon. Mr. Fawver did not testifY.
Defense counsel argued the case to the jury on a theory that his client reluctantly had
been present but had not taken part in the fight. The jury was instructed, in relevant part,
that to convict Mr. Fawver of second degree assault, it had to find beyond a reasonable
doubt that he "assaulted Christopher Pierce with a deadly weapon." CP at 63. The jury
also was instructed on the definition of a "deadly weapon" and on accomplice liability.
CP at 67,69.
The jury convicted Mr. Fawver on both counts and also concluded that the crimes
were committed with a deadly weapon. Given Mr. Pierce's active participation in the
offense, the court imposed an exceptional sentence below the standard range of 3 months
to be served consecutively to the 36 months required by the deadly weapon
enhancements. Mr. Fawver then timely appealed to this court. The State did not cross
appeal the exceptional sentence.
ANALYSIS
Mr. Fawver's appeal challenges both his counsel's performance and the evidence
supporting the assault conviction. We address the two issues in the order noted.
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No. 32271-8-III
State v. Fawver
Ineffective Assistance o/Counsel
Mr. Fawver first alleges that his trial counsel performed ineffectively by not
objecting to the Facebook post and by not seeking an intoxication instruction. He fails to
establish any error by his counsel.
The standards governing this argument have been settled for a generation. The
United States Constitution Sixth Amendment guarantee of the right to counsel requires
more than the mere presence of an attorney. The attorney must perform to the standards
of the profession. Counsel's failure to live up to those standards will require a new trial
when the client has been prejudiced by counsel's failure. State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d
322,334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). In evaluating ineffectiveness claims, courts must be I
highly deferential to counsel's decisions. A strategic or tactical decision is not a basis for
finding error. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689-91, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed.
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2d 674 (1984). To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance, the defendant must show
both that his counsel erred and that the error was so significant, in light of the entire trial
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record, that it deprived him of a fair trial. Id. at 690-92. If the defendant fails to establish I
one of the Strickland prongs, the other need not be reviewed. Id. at 697. II
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Mr. Fawver's initial challenge to counsel's performance takes issue with the failure
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to object to Exhibit 1, the Facebook posting. He contends that it was not properly
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authenticated. The premise of this argument is questionable. There are at least as many If
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ways to try a case as there are trial attorneys. Skilled counsel often do not raise objections
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No. 32271-8-III
State v. Fawver
to the fonn in which otherwise admissible evidence is entered. In most instances, it will
be nigh impossible to establish that counsel erred by failing to make an objection that, if
successfully lodged, would simply require the opposing party to offer the evidence in a
different manner. That is the situation here. Mr. Fawver does not argue that the posting
could never be authenticated; he only argues that this authentication was inadequate.
Under the circumstances, it is doubtful that counsel's decision to not object was such an
egregious decision that it constitutes a failure to live up to the standards of the profession.
Nonetheless, even if this type of behavior could constitute error under Strickland, it
does not do so here. Mr. Fawver has identified no Washington authority, nor have we,
that sets forth authentication requirements for Facebook postings. On that basis alone, it is
difficult to conclude that counsel erred since there is no governing authority to establish a
failure to adhere to professional norms. We also reach the same result by consideration of
the rule. ER 901 provides:
(a) General Provision. The requirement of authentication or
identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by
evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what
its proponent claims.
(b) Illustrations. By way of illustration only, and not by way of
limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification
confonning with the requirements of this Rule:
(1) Testimony o/Witness with Knowledge. Testimony that a matter is
what it is claimed to be.
(4) Distinctive Characteristics and the Like. Appearance, contents,
substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive characteristics, taken in
conjunction with circumstances.
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No. 32271-8-III
State v. Fawver
(10) Electronic Mail (E-mail). Testimony by a person with knowledge
that (i) the email purports to be authored or created by the particular sender
or the sender's agent; (ii) the email purports to be sent from an e-mail
address associated with the particular sender or the sender's agent; and (iii)
the appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive
characteristics of the e-mail, taken in conjunction with the circumstances,
are sufficient to support a finding that the e-mail in question is what the
proponent claims.
In the present case the Facebook "screen-grab"1 was offered by the State.
Detective Drapeau testified that he found the post ofMr. Fawver's Facebook page after
Mr. Pierce provided a tip that the post existed. Accompanying the post was the name
"Corey Fawver" and a picture identified by Detective Drapeau ofMr. Fawver. Christy
Fair, a friend of Mr. Fawver, testified that she recognized the page containing the post as
Mr. Fawver's Facebook page.
Detective Drapeau testified that the post was posted on January 1, 2013.
Additionally, the post read-in essence-Wow, what a fun night. People in Deer Park
are not as bad as they think they are. Given the unique comment posted so close in time
to the assault, the fact that a friend of Mr. Fawver recognized it as his Facebook page, the
name on the post matched Mr. Corey Fawver's name, the picture was identified as the
picture of Mr. Fawver, and the fact that Facebook is widely known to generally be
1 A "screen-grab" is a digital photographic capture of what one computer was
displaying at the time.
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No. 32271-8-111
State v. Fawver
password protected, the Facebook post appears to have been properly authenticated. At a
minimum, we cannot say that counsel erred in failing to object to the exhibit.
Mr. Fawver also faults counsel for not pursuing an intoxication instruction. It
does not appear that there was a factual basis for the instruction. It also would have been
contrary to the defense theory of the case.
By statute, Washington recognizes an intoxication defense. RCW 9A.16.090. The
statute recognizes that whenever a crime has a "particular mental state," voluntary
intoxication "may be taken into consideration in determining such mental state." Id. The
instruction addressing this statute is found in 11 Washington Practice: Washington
Pattern Jury Instructions: Criminal 18.1 0, at 282 (3d ed. 2008). A criminal defendant
has a right to have the jury instructed on a defense that is supported by substantial
evidence. State v. Powell, 150 Wash. App. 139, 154,206 P.3d 703 (2009). To receive a
voluntary intoxication instruction regarding alcohol, a defendant must show "(1) the
crime charged has as an element a particular mental state, (2) there is substantial evidence
of drinking, and (3) the defendant presents evidence that the drinking affected [the
defendant's] ability to acquire the required mental state." State v. Everybodytalksabout,
145 Wn.2d 456,479, 39 P.3d 294 (2002).
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No. 32271-8-111
State v. Fawver
Mr. Fawver's argument founders on the third prong of the test. 2 While both the
assault and burglary charges required intentional conduct, there is absolutely no evidence
presented that Mr. Fawver's intoxication prevented him from acting intentionally.
Indeed, the evidence presented-that he left the party and contacted his friends for a ride,
then resisted their desire to return him to the party-showed purposeful, intentional
conduct. This was not the behavior of an unthinking man or one whose ability to reason ,
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was diminished. This evidence was quite the contrary. I
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Accordingly, counsel understandably did not pursue an intoxication instruction I
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under these facts-there was no basis for giving the instruction. Moreover, as counsel i
tried the case, it appears that the decision not to seek the instruction was a tactical one.
Defense counsel spent much of his closing argument attacking the testimony of the
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State's witnesses from the party-particularly the ones who painted his client as an active
participant in the melee-as unreliable due to their intoxication. An intoxication I
instruction would simply have tarred his client with the same brush and undermined the I
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defense theory of the case. For both reasons, we conclude that Mr. Fawver has not I
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established that his counsel erred by not seeking the intoxication instruction.
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2It is debatable whether there was substantial evidence ofMr. Fawver's drinking.
There was ample evidence that most of the partygoers had consumed alcohol in
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substantial quantities, but the only evidence that Mr. Fawver did so were his statements f
three months after the incident in which he claimed to have limited recall of events due to f
drinking. J
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No. 32271-8-III
State v. Fawver
Neither of Mr. Fawver's contentions meet his heavy burden of establishing that
counsel failed to live up the standards of the profession. At most he has suggested that
there were different approaches to trying this case-something that can be said of any
trial. As he has not established error by his attorney, we need not consider whether he
suffered prejudice from the alleged errors.
The ineffective assistance argument is without merit.
Sufficiency ofthe Evidence
Mr. Fawver also contends that the evidence was insufficient to support the assault
conviction. He contends that the jury did not find that he assaulted Mr. Pierce with a
baseball bat as alleged in the charging document. His argument confuses the law of the
case doctrine as applied to this challenge.
Properly understood, the standards governing sufficiency of the evidence review
are also well settled. We review such challenges to see if there was evidence from which
the trier of fact could find each element of the offense proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); State v.
Green, 94 Wash. 2d 216, 221-22, 616 P .2d 628 (1980). The reviewing court will consider
the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution. Id. If the State undertakes to
prove a specific fact by way of the elements instruction, the evidence also must support
that factual determination even if the fact is not an element of the offense. State v.
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No. 32271-8-III
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Hickman, 135 Wash. 2d 97, 101-05,954 P.2d 900 (1998). This is a specific application of
the law of the case doctrine. Id.
Mr. Fawver argues that the evidence is insufficient because the jury did not find
that Mr. Pierce was assaulted with a baseball bat. However, since the court did not ask
the jury to find that Mr. Fawver (or his accomplice) assaulted Mr. Pierce with a baseball
bat, the Hickman application of the law of the case doctrine is inapplicable here. The
State did not undertake to prove an extraneous element.
Mr. Fawver cites no relevant authority to support his argument that the State must
prove every fact alleged in the charging document. The purpose of a charging document
is to provide notice to the defendant of the charge against him and its factual basis. State
v. Pelkey, 109 Wn.2d 484,491,745 P.2d 854 (1987). "Jury instructions and charging
documents serve different functions." State v. Vangerpen, 125 Wash. 2d 782, 788, 888 P.2d
1177 (1995). The charging document is not a concern for the jury. Its primary purpose is
to alert the defendant to the charge and underlying conduct at issue. Pelkey, 109 Wash. 2d
at 491. From the jury's perspective, the case is contained in the elements instruction and
any accompanying definitional instructions.
Since the weapon was not specified in the elements instruction, the State had no
need to prove that extraneous element. Instead, our review need only assess the evidence
that Mr. Pierce was assaulted with a deadly weapon. The evidence did support that
determination. Partygoers testified that Mr. Fawver's friends showed up armed with
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No. 32271-8-II1
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baseball bats and at least two witnesses recalled Mr. Fawver himself with a baseball bat.
Mr. Pierce was found laying outside of his home after the attack. He had sustained a
skull fracture from a blunt force strike. That evidence supported the jury's determination
that Mr. Fawver or an associate took a baseball bat to Mr. Pierce's head, thus assaulting
him with a deadly weapon. The evidence was sufficient.
The convictions are affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
WE CONCUR:
Lawrence-Berrey, 1.
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