State of Washington v. Josephine L. Guernsey ( 2019 )

FILED
OCTOBER 22, 2019
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 36146-2-III
)
Respondent, )
)
v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
JOSEPHINE L. GUERNSEY, )
)
Appellant. )
PENNELL, A.C.J. — Josephine Guernsey appeals several legal financial obligations
imposed at sentencing. Based on recent changes to Washington’s LFO laws, we agree
with many of Ms. Guernsey’s contentions and remand for correction of her judgment
and sentence.
FACTS
Josephine Guernsey was convicted of felony possession of controlled substances.
At sentencing, the trial court imposed several legal financial obligations (LFOs),
including a $200 criminal filing fee, $165 sheriff’s fee, and $750 court-appointed attorney
fee. The court also ordered payment of a $1,000 violation of the Uniform Controlled
Substances Act 1 (VUCSA) fine. Ms. Guernsey did not object to any of the assessments at
sentencing.
1
Chapter 69.50 RCW.
No. 36146-2-III
State v. Guernsey
ANALYSIS
Citing 2018 amendments to Washington’s LFO laws 2 and State v. Ramirez,
191 Wn.2d 732, 426 P.3d 714 (2018), Ms. Guernsey requests we strike the $200 criminal
filing fee, $165 sheriff’s fee, and $750 court-appointed attorney fee from her judgment
and sentence. The 2018 amendments came into effect several days after imposition of
Ms. Guerney’s sentence. Ramirez was decided after that.
The 2018 amendments declare certain LFOs “may not” be imposed against
a defendant who is “indigent” at the time of sentencing as that term is defined by
RCW 10.101.010(3)(a)-(c). RCW 9.94A.760(1); see also RCW 10.01.160(3);
RCW 36.18.020(2)(h). Covered LFOs include filing fees (RCW 36.18.020(2)(h))
and costs of prosecution, such as sheriff’s fees and attorney fees (RCW 10.01.160).
State v. Smith, 9 Wn. App. 2d 122, 126-27, 442 P.3d 265 (2019).
In Ramirez, our Supreme Court held the 2018 LFO amendments apply
prospectively to cases on direct review at the time of enactment. 191 Wn.2d at 747-48.
That means defendants are entitled to claim benefit under Ramirez as long as their
cases had begun—but not completed—the direct appeal process at the time of the 2018
amendments’ effective date. A defendant whose case falls within the requisite time period
2
LAWS OF 2018, ch. 269.
2
No. 36146-2-III
State v. Guernsey
and who also meets the statutory definition of indigence is entitled to have LFOs
impacted by the 2018 amendments struck from the judgment and sentence. See, e.g.,
Smith, 9 Wn. App. 2d at 126-27. 3
Ms. Guernsey is eligible to seek relief under the 2018 amendments because, at the
time the amended LFO laws became effective, her case was on direct review. In addition,
an affidavit submitted within one month of sentencing reveals Ms. Guernsey’s income
fell below 125 percent of the federal poverty level for a family of four. 4 Ms. Guernsey
thus meets the statutory definition of indigence under RCW 10.101.010(3)(c). Given
these circumstances, the criminal filing fee, sheriff’s fee, and court-appointed attorney
fee must be struck from the judgment and sentence.
The VUCSA fine is different. This fine was not impacted by LFO reform and
remains mandatory under RCW 69.50.430. Although the VUCSA fine may be
“suspended or deferred” based on a finding of indigence, the trial court is not obligated
3
A defendant sentenced before the effective date of the 2018 amendments would
have no basis to object to a trial court’s failure to apply the 2018 amendments. Thus,
issues of error preservation are not relevant to a claim for relief.
4
Ms. Guernsey listed the monthly income for her family of four as $1,800, or
approximately $21,600 annually. Clerk’s Papers at 51. In 2018, the federal poverty level
for a family of four was $25,100. Annual Update of the HHS [U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services] Poverty Guidelines, 83 Fed. Reg. 2643 (Jan. 18, 2018). This would
place the corresponding 125 percent poverty threshold at $31,375.
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No. 36146-2-III
State v. Guernsey
to inquire into a defendant's ability to pay prior to imposition. RCW 69.50.430(1).
Instead, the burden falls on the defendant to request relief. Ms. Guernsey failed to object
to the fine at sentencing. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in imposing the fine and
remand for resentencing is unwarranted.
CONCLUSION
This matter is remanded with instructions to strike the $200 criminal filing fee,
$165 sheriffs fee, and $750 court-appointed attorney fee from Ms. Guernsey's judgment
and sentence. The imposition of the VU CSA fine is affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Q.
Pennell, A.CJ.
WE CONCUR:
Maxa, J. 5
5 The Honorable Bradley Maxa is a Court of Appeals, Division Two, judge sitting
in Division Three under CAR 2l(a).
4