Quang Nguyen v. Port Of Seattle Police Department, Resp., Et Ano. ( 2015 )

'STAOTOF VIASHi^i-^
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
QUANG NGUYEN,
DIVISION ONE
Petitioner,
No. 70841-4-1
v.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
PORT OF SEATTLE POLICE
DEPARTMENT,
Respondent. FILED: April 20, 2015
Dwyer, J. — Quang Nguyen appeals the civil forfeiture of $80,000 under
the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, chapter 69.50 RCW, to the Port of
Seattle Police Department. Nguyen contends that the hearing examiner erred by
denying his motion to suppress evidence of a dog sniff that violated his
constitutional rights against warrantless searches. We affirm.
Around 5:00 a.m. on August 3, 2011, SeaTac airport security agents
stopped Quang Nguyen to investigate numerous bulges in his clothing. Upon
determining that the bulges were bundles of money, the agents referred the
matter to the Port of Seattle Police. After repeatedly advising Nguyen that he
was not under arrest and was free to leave, officers asked him whether he would
No. 70841-4-1/2
answer their questions and consent to a search of his carry-on bag. Nguyen
spoke with the officers and allowed them to search his bag. The officers
determined that Nguyen had a total of $80,000 concealed on his person and in
his bag. They also discovered "pay and owe sheets," receipts for wire transfers
to Vietnam totaling $25,000, and a receipt indicating that Nguyen had paid
$4,000 cash on his credit card in Dutch Harbor, Alaska the previous day.
Nguyen admitted that he had been convicted of distributing narcotics in 1996.
Officers put the bundles of cash in a plastic bag and then placed the bag
in a public lobby area. Detective Matthew Bruch and his narcotics detection dog,
Lilly, then entered the lobby. Lilly indicated to Detective Bruch that she had
detected the odor of narcotics near a garbage can, where the Detective found the
bag of money. The officers then seized the money and provided Nguyen with a
written notice of seizure pursuant to RCW 69.50.505.
Nguyen filed a timely claim for the money. Prior to the administrative
hearing, Nguyen filed a motion to suppress evidence of the dog sniff, arguing that
it was a "second and distinct search," after the money was seized, and therefore
"not allowed under article 1, section 7 of the Washington State Constitution and
the Fourth Amendment." The hearing examinerdenied the motion to suppress
evidence of the dog sniff. After the hearing, the hearing examiner entered written
findings of fact and conclusions of law forfeiting Nguyen's interest in the $80,000
to the Port ofSeattle Police Department. Nguyen appealed to King County
Superior Court, which affirmed the hearing examiner's decision.
Nguyen again appeals.
No. 70841-4-1/3
We apply the standards of the Washington Administrative Procedure Act
(APA), chapter 34.05 RCW, directly to the agency record in reviewing agency
adjudicative proceedings. William Dickson Co. v. Puqet Sound Air Pollution
Control Agency, 81 Wn. App. 403, 407, 914 P.2d 750 (1996). Nguyen has not
assigned error to any findings of fact, so they are verities on appeal. Tapper v.
Emp't Sec. Dep't, 122 Wn.2d 397, 407, 858 P.2d 494 (1993). On questions of
law, our review is de novo. Franklin County Sheriffs Office v. Sellers, 97 Wn.2d
317, 325, 646 P.2d 113 (1982).
As below, Nguyen argues on appeal that after the police found the money
during a consensual search of his person and bag, the Fourth Amendment and
Washington's constitution required them to obtain a search warrant or request his
specific or additional consent before taking the money into another room to
perform a "second and separate search" with the dog. Contrary to Nguyen's
assertions, however, the dog sniff did not constitute an unlawful search under
either the Fourth Amendment or Washington's constitution. "A 'canine sniff by a
well-trained narcotics detection dog" "in a public place," does "not constitute a
'search' within the meaning ofthe Fourth Amendment." United States v. Place,
462 U.S. 696, 706-07, 103 S. Ct. 2637, 77 L. Ed.2d 110 (1983); see ajso, Illinois
v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405, 410, 125 S. Ct. 834, 160 L. Ed. 2d 842 (2005) ("A dog
sniff conducted during a concededly lawful traffic stop that reveals no information
other than the location of a substance that no individual has any right to possess
does not violate the Fourth Amendment.").
No. 70841-4-1/4
Under Washington's constitution, whether a "canine sniff is a search
depends on the circumstances of the sniff itself." State v. Hartzell, 156 Wn. App.
918, 929, 237 P.3d 928 (2010) (citing State v. Bovce, 44 Wn. App. 724, 729, 723
P.2d 28 (1986)). "[A]s long as the canine 'sniffs the object from an area where
the defendant does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy, and the canine
sniff itself is minimally intrusive, then no search has occurred.'" Hartzell, 156 Wn.
App. at 929 (quoting Bovce, 44 Wn. App. at 730). As the dog herein sniffed the
plastic bag containing the money in a public lobby area, the sniffing did not
intrude into an area where Nguyen had a reasonable expectation of privacy. No
violation of article I, section 7 occurred during the dog sniff. Thus, the hearing
examiner properly denied Nguyen's motion to suppress.
Affirmed.
We concur: