State Of Washington v. Tina E. Rich ( 2013 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
r- ~> cO .
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
No. 68767-1-1
Respondent,
DIVISION ONE K
v.
o
TINA RICH, UNPUBLISHED OPINION XT
o
Appellant. FILED: July 22. 2013
Spearman, A.C.J. — Tina Rich pleaded guilty to multiple counts of first and
second degree theft. At sentencing, the trial court orally advised Rich of the
revocation of her right to possess a firearm. We reject Rich's contentions that the
court's oral advisement misstated Washington's law on constructive possession.
Because the trial court's oral remarks are not appealable as a matter of right and do
not warrant discretionary review, we dismiss.
FACTS
On March 2, 2012, Tina Rich pleaded guilty to four counts of first degree theft
and nine counts of second degree theft. The plea agreement also included a
finding that 12 of the 13 counts involved a vulnerable victim aggravating factor.
Rich's statement of defendant on plea of guilty acknowledged that her guilty plea
No. 68767-1-1/2
would result in the revocation of her right to own or possess a firearm until a court
restored the right.
At sentencing on April 13, 2012, Rich received and signed a written notice of
her ineligibility to possess a firearm. The court then orally advised her as follows:
COURT: I don't think that you're a person who carries a gun. But,
you need to be alert that from here forward in Washington you're not
allowed to have any kind of firearm because you could be convicted of
a felony from everybody's point of view. That means that if you have
a gun that's yours or if you are in a position to control or possess
somebody else's gun, okay, and the State can prove that beyond a
reasonable doubt, you're subject to being charged for being a felon in
possession, which would put you back in prison because your
offender score is really high. At this point it's not going to go down. Be
really careful to stay away from guns. I think you will be eligible in the
future to have your right to carry a firearm—
MS. RICH: I don't want a gun.
COURT: I know. But, it's safer, frankly, to get back your right if
you can. So, you'll be eligible in the future to petition to have that right
restored. But, until that day comes and you have an order saying you
can have a gun, be really careful to stay away from guns or people
that vou know are in possession of them.
Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) at 51-52 (emphasis added). The court
accepted the State's recommendation and imposed an exceptional sentence
totaling 68 months.
DISCUSSION
Relying on our decision in State v. Lee, 158 Wn. App. 513, 243 P.3d 929(2010), Rich contends that the trial court's oral admonishment "to stay away from
guns or people that you know are in possession of them" misadvised Rich of
-2-
No. 68767-1-1/3
Washington law on constructive possession. VRP at 52. She argues that the trial
court's comments suggested she would be guilty of unlawful possession of a firearm
merely by being near guns or near a person possessing a gun. We disagree.
After a conviction for certain offenses, the trial court must notify the
defendant, both in writing and orally, that he or she may not possess a firearm until
a court restores that right. RCW 9.41.040; 9.41.47(1). Possession of a firearm can
be actual or constructive. "[Constructive possession can be established by
showing the defendant had dominion and control over the firearm or over the
premises where the firearm was found." State v. Echeverria, 85 Wn. App. 777, 783,
934 P.2d 1214(1997). But mere proximity to or knowledge of a firearm is
insufficient to establish constructive possession. State v. Raleigh, 123 Wn. App.
728, 737, 238 P.3d 1211 (2010). rev, denied. 170Wn.2d 1029, 249 P.3d 624(2011).
In State v. Lee, after orally advising the defendant of his ineligibility "to
possess a firearm," the trial court continued:
When we say, 'possess a firearm/ we don't just mean own a
firearm, we mean be anywhere near a firearm. So vou cannot be in
the same house or the same car with a firearm-
Lee, 158 Wn. App. at 577. On appeal, we concluded that the comments erroneously
informed the defendant that he would be in violation of the law simply by being near
a firearm, even if he had "not exercised dominion or control over the weapon or
premises where the weapon is found." Jd. at 517. Although the trial court's oral
advisement was not a final judgment appealable as a matter of right, the court's
-3-
No. 68767-1-1/4
remarks constituted probable error implicating the defendant's constitutional rights
to travel and associate. ]g\ at 516. We therefore granted discretionary review and
struck "the court's oral advisement in favor of the accurately worded written
advisement." Id at 517.
Contrary to Rich's contentions, the trial court's oral comments here were not
comparable to those in Lee. In Lee, the court expressly informed the defendant that
simply being "anywhere near a firearm," including being "in the same house or the
same car with a firearm," constituted being in possession of a firearm. Lee, 158
Wn. App. at 515. Because mere proximity does not establish constructive
possession, the court's explanation mischaracterized Washington law. Lee, 158
Wn. App. at 517.
Here, however, the trial court informed Rich that if she was "in a position to
control or possess somebody else's gun," she was "subject" to being charged with
unlawful possession. The court's description accurately summarized the
circumstantial nature of evidence that may establish constructive possession. See
Echeverria, 85 Wn. App. at 783 ("The ability to reduce an object to actual
possession is an aspect of dominion and control") (quoting, State v. Hagen, 55 Wn.
App. 494, 499, 781 P.2d 892 (1989)). Viewed in context, the court's repeated
suggestions to Rich to be "really careful to stay away from guns" was nothing more
than reasonable advice to avoid completely the ambiguous circumstances that
might result in prosecution for unlawful possession of a firearm. Unlike Lee, the
-4-
No. 68767-1-1/5
court here did not misadvise or mislead Rich about the specific elements of the
offense.
Because the trial court's comments were not erroneous, discretionary review
is not warranted. We also decline Rich's invitation to revisit our determination in
Lee that the court's oral advisement is not a final judgment appealable as a matter
ofright. See Lee, 158 Wn. App. at 516. Accordingly, review is dismissed.
T 7 \
-5-