Office of Lawyer Regulation v. Bridget E. Boyle ( 2013 )


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    2013 WI 103
    SUPREME COURT             OF   WISCONSIN
    CASE NO.:               2011AP1767-D
    COMPLETE TITLE:         In the Matter of Disciplinary Proceedings
    Against
    Bridget E. Boyle, Attorney at Law:
    Office of Lawyer Regulation,
    Complainant-Respondent,
    v.
    Bridget E. Boyle,
    Respondent-Appellant.
    DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS AGAINST BOYLE
    OPINION FILED:          December 26, 2013
    SUBMITTED ON BRIEFS:
    ORAL ARGUMENT:
    SOURCE OF APPEAL:
    COURT:
    COUNTY:
    JUDGE:
    JUSTICES:
    CONCURRED:
    DISSENTED:
    NOT PARTICIPATING:
    ATTORNEYS:
    For the respondent-appellant, there were briefs by Bridget
    E. Boyle and Boyle, Boyle & Boyle, S.C., Milwaukee.
    For the Office of Lawyer Regulation, there was a brief by
    Robert G. Krohn, Edgerton.
    
    2013 WI 103
    NOTICE
    This opinion is subject to further
    editing and modification.   The final
    version will appear in the bound
    volume of the official reports.
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    STATE OF WISCONSIN                        :            IN SUPREME COURT
    In the Matter of Disciplinary Proceedings
    Against Bridget E. Boyle, Attorney at Law:
    Office of Lawyer Regulation,                                     FILED
    Complainant-Respondent,
    DEC 26, 2013
    v.
    Diane M. Fremgen
    Clerk of Supreme Court
    Bridget E. Boyle,
    Respondent-Appellant.
    ATTORNEY     disciplinary   proceeding.        Attorney's          license
    suspended.
    ¶1   PER CURIAM.     Attorney Bridget E. Boyle appeals the
    report of James J. Winiarski, referee, recommending discipline
    of a four-month license suspension, the imposition of costs, and
    restitution to a client in the amount of $2,500.                  The referee
    found that Attorney Boyle committed nine of the ten charged
    counts of misconduct that were tried at a hearing before the
    referee.     The ethical violations which the referee determined
    Attorney   Boyle   committed   included   failing      to    keep    a    client
    No.   2011AP1767-D
    reasonably informed about the status of a matter; failing to
    promptly    comply          with    reasonable     requests     by    the   client       for
    information; failing to communicate the basis for her fees and
    expenses; failing to promptly respond to a client's request for
    information       concerning         fees    and   expenses;      failing    to    timely
    return a client's file after the client's request; charging an
    unreasonable fee; failing to hold unearned fees and advanced
    payments of fees in trust until earned; and failing to return
    unearned       fees     to         her    client      upon    termination         of     her
    representation.
    ¶2     After our independent review of the record, we approve
    the referee's findings of fact and conclusions of law and adopt
    them.      We agree that Attorney Boyle should pay restitution in
    the   amount      of   $2,500       as    described    below,   and    we   agree       that
    Attorney Boyle should pay the full costs of this disciplinary
    proceeding.
    ¶3     We        do      not,        however,      accept       the    referee's
    recommendation that Attorney Boyle's misconduct be sanctioned by
    a four-month suspension.                 The serious nature of Attorney Boyle's
    misconduct, combined with her substantial disciplinary history,
    render a four-month suspension an insufficient response.                               It is
    imperative that to resume the practice of law in Wisconsin,
    Attorney Boyle must show this court that she has taken steps to
    avoid similar misconduct in the future.                      We therefore impose a
    2
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    six-month suspension of Attorney Boyle's Wisconsin law license.
    See SCR 22.28(3).1
    ¶4     Attorney       Boyle   was      licensed      to      practice        law    in
    Wisconsin in 1995 and practices in Milwaukee.                       In 2008 Attorney
    Boyle      was   privately     reprimanded       for    failing          to       act    with
    reasonable diligence and promptness in representing a client;
    failing to keep the client reasonably informed about the status
    of a matter; failing to promptly comply with reasonable requests
    for information; and failing to explain a matter to the extent
    reasonably       necessary    to    permit     the   client       to     make      informed
    decisions regarding the representation.
    ¶5     In 2012 Attorney Boyle was suspended for 60 days for
    failing     to   act   with    reasonable      diligence        and      promptness       in
    representing a client; failing to communicate appropriately with
    a client; failing to promptly respond to a client's request for
    information concerning fees and expenses; failing to take steps
    to   the    extent     reasonably      practicable      to      protect       a    client's
    interest; failing to cooperate with an OLR investigation into
    her conduct; willfully failing to provide relevant information,
    fully answer questions, or furnish documents in the course of an
    OLR investigation; and engaging in conduct involving dishonesty,
    fraud,      deceit,    or     misrepresentation.             In     re       Disciplinary
    Proceedings      Against      Boyle,    
    2012 WI 54
    ,     
    341 Wis. 2d 92
    ,           813
    1
    SCR 22.28(3) states, "The license of an attorney that is
    revoked or suspended for misconduct for six months or more shall
    be reinstated pursuant to the procedure set forth in SCR 22.29
    to 22.33 and only by order of the supreme court."
    3
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    N.W.2d 215.       Also in 2012, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals
    disbarred Attorney Boyle from further practice in that court for
    her abandonment of her client in a criminal case.                  In re Bridget
    Boyle-Saxton, 
    668 F.3d 471
     (7th Cir. 2012).
    ¶6      This disciplinary matter began with 13 counts, three
    of which the referee dismissed during the disciplinary hearing
    at the OLR's request.          The remaining ten counts concern Attorney
    Boyle's    work    for   two    clients,     C.M.   and   C.P.     We    take   the
    following facts from the referee's report.
    CLIENT C.M.
    ¶7      Counts Four through Nine arise out of Attorney Boyle's
    representation of an individual, C.M., who had been convicted of
    one count of possessing firearms after having been previously
    convicted of a felony, in violation of 
    18 U.S.C. § 922
    (g)(l),
    and five counts of violating 
    26 U.S.C. § 5861
    (d) for possessing
    firearms not registered in the National Firearms Registration
    and Transfer Record.           The United States District Court for the
    Eastern District of Wisconsin sentenced C.M. to six concurrent
    terms of 84 months imprisonment, with two years of supervised
    release.
    ¶8      In early 2007 C.M. asked Attorney Boyle, who had not
    previously represented him, to appeal his conviction.                     Attorney
    Boyle offered to represent C.M. for a total of $20,000.                         C.M.
    agreed and paid Attorney Boyle that amount of money.
    ¶9      No    written      fee   agreement      existed   between     Attorney
    Boyle and C.M.       Attorney Boyle did not communicate to C.M. the
    4
    No.       2011AP1767-D
    basis or rate for her fee or the precise legal services covered
    by the fee.
    ¶10    C.M. and Attorney Boyle did not reach agreement on
    what services the $20,000 fee would cover.                              C.M. believed the
    fee    covered     a    direct      appeal    to     the       United    States       Court     of
    Appeals      for     the      Seventh    Circuit,          including       a     motion       for
    rehearing, a motion for rehearing en banc, a petition for writ
    of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, a petition
    pursuant to 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     to vacate the sentence, a motion
    pursuant      to   
    18 U.S.C. § 3143
            for    bail    pending        appeal,      and
    various filings with the department of probation to correct the
    presentence        report.          Attorney       Boyle       maintains       she     did    not
    promise any particular legal services for the agreed upon fee of
    $20,000      other     than    an    appeal    to        the    Seventh    Circuit        and   a
    possible 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     petition, and that the precise nature
    of services she would render for the $20,000 fee was dependent
    upon her review of the file.                  However, even after reviewing the
    file, Attorney Boyle never stated the precise nature of the
    legal services that she would provide for C.M.
    ¶11    Although C.M. requested that Attorney Boyle seek bail
    pending appeal, Attorney Boyle never filed a motion asking for
    this   relief.          On    numerous      occasions,          C.M.    wrote     and    called
    Attorney Boyle concerning his requested motion for bail, but
    Attorney Boyle did not respond to his inquiries.
    ¶12    On numerous occasions, C.M. wrote Attorney Boyle to
    inquire about issues he wanted Attorney Boyle to raise in his
    Seventh      Circuit       appeal,    and     to    request       that     Attorney       Boyle
    5
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    schedule a telephone conference with him.                             Attorney Boyle did
    not respond to these letters.
    ¶13    During       a     two-month             period     surrounding          the       oral
    argument    of    his    case        in    the       Seventh     Circuit,         C.M.     called
    Attorney    Boyle       84    times       from       prison.         Attorney       Boyle      was
    consistently     unavailable          to     speak      with     C.M.      and     answer      his
    questions     concerning        the       appeal.           C.M.'s   friend,       C.S.,       also
    called and e-mailed Attorney Boyle regularly in an attempt to
    assist C.M. in obtaining the status of his case, but was unable
    to reach Attorney Boyle.
    ¶14    In   an     opinion       dated      January       22,    2008,       the    Seventh
    Circuit    affirmed      C.M.'s       conviction.              Attorney      Boyle       did    not
    advise C.M. of the unsuccessful outcome of his appeal, nor did
    she respond to his telephone calls during the months following
    the Seventh Circuit's decision.                        C.M. finally learned of the
    Seventh    Circuit's         decision       in       July    2008    from    an     individual
    within the prison where he resided.
    ¶15    On December 30, 2008, Attorney Boyle filed a motion
    with the United States District Court for the Eastern District
    of Wisconsin to vacate C.M.'s sentences pursuant to 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
    .       Relief         under    
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
        is     considered          an
    extraordinary remedy, appropriate only for an error of law that
    is jurisdictional, constitutional, or constitutes a fundamental
    defect resulting in a complete miscarriage of justice.                                     Harris
    v.   United      States,        
    366 F.3d 593
    ,     594     (7th        Cir.     2004).
    Notwithstanding this high burden, Attorney Boyle did not attach
    6
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    any    affidavits       to    support     her       position,      and    her    supporting
    arguments were minimal.
    ¶16     On January 9, 2009, the district court denied the 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
         motion,        noting       the   motion     lacked      legal     or
    evidentiary support.            Attorney Boyle did not advise C.M. of the
    unsuccessful outcome of this motion.                      Attorney Boyle claims she
    did not see the decision because the district court sent her the
    decision       via    e-mail    only;     she       surmises      that    she    must     have
    accidently deleted the decision from her computer.
    ¶17     On January 29, 2009, Attorney Boyle sent C.M. a copy
    of    the    
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
         motion,      despite      the    fact    that     the
    district court had already denied the motion.
    ¶18     On February 5, 2009, C.M. wrote Attorney Boyle and
    asked about the 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion.                          He also asked for a
    copy of his retainer agreement or engagement letter and "a full
    written accounting of the time you have spent on my matter."
    Attorney Boyle did not respond to this letter.
    ¶19     On May 13, 2009, C.M. wrote Attorney Boyle and noted
    she had not responded to his last several letters.
    ¶20     On    August     8,     2009,    C.M.      wrote    Attorney       Boyle    to
    request information on his case.                    He stated that he had not been
    able to speak with her despite his numerous requests to do so.
    He further stated that he had heard from a third party that the
    district court had denied his 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion.
    ¶21     From June 2009 through September 2009, C.M. made many
    unsuccessful attempts to call Attorney Boyle.                             C.M.'s friend,
    C.S.,       also    attempted     to    reach       Attorney      Boyle    by    telephone.
    7
    No.   2011AP1767-D
    Attorney Boyle's staff repeatedly told C.M. and C.S. that the
    district court had not ruled on the 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion.
    ¶22     On September 3, 2009, C.M. wrote Attorney Boyle again
    and asked about the status of the 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion.
    ¶23     On September 30, 2009, C.M. wrote the clerk of court
    for the Seventh Circuit, asking the Chief Judge of that court to
    order Attorney Boyle to communicate with him.
    ¶24     By early 2010 C.M. learned, from a source other than
    Attorney Boyle, that the district court had denied his 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion.      C.M. filed a pro se motion with the district
    court to reopen the time for appealing the denial of the 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion, claiming that he did not receive timely
    notice of the denial.       The district court denied C.M.'s motion.
    ¶25     On February 12, 2010, C.M. wrote Attorney Boyle and
    requested a copy of his file and a refund of fees.
    ¶26     On February 24, 2010, C.M. again wrote Attorney Boyle,
    terminating his relationship with her and requesting a copy of
    his file, a return of unearned fees, and an accounting of her
    time.
    ¶27     By   mid-2010   Attorney       Boyle   had   not   returned   C.M.'s
    file, returned any unearned fees, or provided an accounting of
    her time.    After C.M. alerted the OLR of these facts, the OLR
    wrote to Attorney Boyle and advised her to provide C.M. with a
    copy of the file.
    ¶28     In July 2010 the OLR issued a notice to appear to
    Attorney Boyle for an investigative interview.                  Attorney Boyle
    complied with the notice and appeared and answered questions
    8
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    posed by the OLR.         Attorney Boyle also gave the OLR a complete
    copy of C.M.'s file, which the OLR copied and forwarded to C.M.
    Attorney Boyle did not furnish any accounting for her fees or
    return any portion of the $20,000 paid by C.M.
    ¶29     The OLR's complaint alleges that, by virtue of her
    conduct while representing C.M., Attorney Boyle:
       failed to keep her client reasonably informed about
    the status of his 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     motion and his
    Seventh Circuit appeal, and failed to promptly comply
    with her client's reasonable requests for information
    about    these     matters,    in    violation          of    former
    SCR 20:1.4(a)2 and     SCRs 20:1.4(a)(3) and (4)3 (Counts
    Four, Five, and Six);
       failed   to    communicate    the   basis   for     her      fee,   in
    violation of former SCR 20:1.5(b)4 (Count Seven);
    2
    Former SCR 20:1.4(a) (effective prior to July 1, 2007),
    provided, "A lawyer shall keep a client reasonably informed
    about the status of a matter and promptly comply with reasonable
    requests for information."
    3
    SCRs 20:1.4(a)(3) and (4) state that a lawyer shall "(3)
    keep the client reasonably informed about the status of the
    matter;" and "(4) promptly comply with reasonable requests by
    the client for information; . . . ."
    4
    Former SCR 20:1.5(b) (effective prior to July 1, 2007)
    provided as follows:      "When the lawyer has not regularly
    represented the client, the basis or rate of the fee shall be
    communicated to the client, preferably in writing, before or
    within a reasonable time after commencing the representation."
    9
    No.    2011AP1767-D
       failed to promptly respond to a client's request for
    information concerning fees and expenses, in violation
    of SCR 20:1.5(b)(3)5 (Count Eight); and
       failed to return a client's file upon termination of
    representation, in violation of SCR 20:1.16(d)6 (Count
    Nine).
    CLIENT C.P.
    ¶30     Counts   Ten   through   Thirteen   arise   out    of   Attorney
    Boyle's representation of an individual, C.P., who in 2008 was
    convicted after a jury trial of one count of burglary—armed with
    a dangerous weapon, and one count of second-degree endangering
    safety while armed.        The circuit court sentenced C.P. to five
    years of imprisonment and five years of extended supervision on
    each count, with the sentences to run consecutively to each
    other and to any other sentence C.P. might be serving.
    5
    SCR 20:1.5(b)(3) states, "A lawyer shall promptly respond
    to a client's request for information concerning fees and
    expenses."
    6
    SCR 20:1.16(d) states as follows:
    Upon termination of representation, a lawyer
    shall take steps to the extent reasonably practicable
    to protect a client's interests, such as giving
    reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for
    employment of other counsel, surrendering papers and
    property to which the client is entitled and refunding
    any advance payment of fee or expense that has not
    been earned or incurred. The lawyer may retain papers
    relating to the client to the extent permitted by
    other law.
    10
    No.   2011AP1767-D
    ¶31    In   August      2010,    after    his   deadline      for   pursuing   a
    direct appeal had expired, C.P. filed multiple pro se motions
    with    the   circuit       court      seeking     postconviction      relief.        On
    August 25,       2010,    the    circuit    court      issued   an    order      denying
    C.P.'s postconviction motions.
    ¶32    C.P.'s longtime companion, B.T., asked Attorney Boyle
    to file an appeal following the denial of C.P.'s postconviction
    motions.      B.T. mistakenly believed that any such filing was due
    within 20 days of the circuit court's August 25, 2010 denial
    order; i.e., by September 14, 2010.                    B.T. paid Attorney Boyle
    $2,500 with the understanding that Attorney Boyle would file an
    appeal by September 14, 2010.                    Attorney Boyle deposited the
    $2,500 into the firm's operating account and not the firm's
    trust account.
    ¶33    By   September        14,   2010,     Attorney    Boyle      had    taken
    minimal action on C.P.'s case.              She filed nothing with the court
    of     appeals     or    any    other     court.       Although      Attorney     Boyle
    determined that C.P. and B.T. were mistaken in believing that a
    September 14, 2010 filing deadline was in effect, she did not
    inform either C.P. or B.T. that no such deadline applied to
    C.P.'s case.
    ¶34    Between September 15, 2010, and September 27, 2010,
    after learning that Attorney Boyle had filed nothing in the
    courts, B.T. called Attorney Boyle multiple times and informed
    her that she wished to terminate the representation and recover
    the $2,500 advanced fee.             Attorney Boyle returned C.P.'s file to
    11
    No.   2011AP1767-D
    B.T.       Attorney Boyle did not account for or refund any advanced
    fees.
    ¶35      The OLR's complaint alleges that, by virtue of her
    conduct while representing C.P., Attorney Boyle:
       failed to act with reasonable diligence and promptness
    in representing a client, in violation of SCR 20:1.37
    (Count Ten);
       charged   an   unreasonable      fee     in     violation     of
    SCR 20:1.5(a)8 (Count Eleven);
    7
    SCR 20:1.3 states, "A lawyer shall act with reasonable
    diligence and promptness in representing a client."
    8
    SCR 20:1.5(a) provides as follows:
    A lawyer shall not make an agreement for, charge,
    or collect an unreasonable fee or an unreasonable
    amount for expenses. The factors to be considered in
    determining the reasonableness of a fee include the
    following:
    (1) the time and labor required, the novelty and
    difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill
    requisite to perform the legal service properly;
    (2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client,
    that the acceptance of the particular employment will
    preclude other employment by the lawyer;
    (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality
    for similar legal services;
    (4) the amount involved and the results obtained;
    (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or
    by the circumstances;
    (6) the nature and length         of       the   professional
    relationship with the client;
    12
    No.    2011AP1767-D
       failed to hold unearned fees and advanced payments of
    fees     in     trust        until       earned,        in        violation     of
    SCR 20:1.15(b)(4)9 (Count Twelve); and
       failed    to    refund        unearned         fees,     in       violation     of
    SCR 20:1.16(d) (Count Thirteen).
    ¶36      After a hearing on Counts Four through Thirteen, the
    referee determined that the OLR had proven misconduct in all
    counts except Count Ten, which, as mentioned above, alleged that
    Attorney     Boyle    failed       to   act    with        reasonable       diligence       and
    promptness during her representation of C.P.10                            See SCR 20:1.3.
    The referee recommended that Attorney Boyle receive a four-month
    suspension,     as    the    OLR    had    requested.           In    support       of     this
    recommendation,        the     referee             noted     that,        in     both      this
    disciplinary        matter     and        Attorney         Boyle's        earlier       60-day
    suspension, Attorney Boyle displayed a pattern of failing to
    communicate appropriately with her clients.                           The referee also
    noted    that   throughout         this    disciplinary         proceeding,         Attorney
    (7) the experience, reputation, and ability                                 of
    the lawyer or lawyers performing the services; and
    (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
    9
    SCR 20:1.15(b)(4) state:              Unearned fees and cost advances.
    Except as provided in par. (4m), unearned fees
    and advanced payments of fees shall be held in trust
    until earned by the lawyer, and withdrawn pursuant to
    sub. (g). Funds advanced by a client or 3rd party for
    payment of costs shall be held in trust until the
    costs are incurred.
    10
    The OLR does not challenge the referee's determination on
    Count Ten.
    13
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    Boyle did not express any remorse over her conduct, was quick to
    blame her own clients for communication problems, and offered
    the "greatly exaggerated" defense that it was too dangerous for
    her to engage in meaningful written communications with clients
    in federal prison.            The referee also expressed concern over
    whether     Attorney      Boyle    appreciated        the   error      in   her   ways,
    writing:
    I am not sure this disciplinary case or the prior
    disciplinary cases have impressed upon [Attorney]
    Boyle the need to communicate with her clients from
    the beginning to the end of her representation.       I
    also do not believe she accepts the need to have a
    clear understanding of what legal services she will
    perform for criminal clients, both at the beginning of
    her representation and as the case develops. I sense
    she remains most reluctant to put anything in writing.
    ¶37    As to the appropriate monetary sanctions, the referee
    recommended that Attorney Boyle should be assessed the entire
    costs of the disciplinary proceeding, which total $22,989.06 as
    of   March    11,     2013.       The    referee      further    recommended       that
    Attorney Boyle be ordered to refund the $2,500 retainer in the
    C.P. matter.         In making this restitution recommendation, the
    referee dismissed as "not credible" Attorney Boyle's insistence
    that she had earned the $2,500 by reading transcripts in C.P.'s
    case.       The    referee    found     that    Attorney      Boyle     performed    no
    meaningful        legal   services      for    C.P.   other     than    checking    the
    state's Consolidated Court Automation Programs (CCAP) system to
    determine the status of C.P.'s case.                    As to C.M.'s case, the
    referee recommended that no restitution is owed, as Attorney
    Boyle spent significant time on the case, and "[w]hile [C.M.]
    14
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    may not be happy with the result . . . , OLR has not requested
    and has not proven . . . that any portion of the [$20,000] fee
    should be returned."
    ¶38    Attorney Boyle appeals.                   In conducting our review, we
    will affirm the referee's findings of fact unless they are found
    to    be   clearly        erroneous,       but     we    will   review       the     referee's
    conclusions of law on a de novo basis.                          See In re Disciplinary
    Proceedings Against Inglimo, 
    2007 WI 126
    , ¶5, 
    305 Wis. 2d 71
    ,
    
    740 N.W.2d 125
    .           The court may impose whatever sanction it sees
    fit    regardless         of    the    referee's        recommendation.            See   In    re
    Disciplinary Proceedings Against Widule, 
    2003 WI 34
    , ¶44, 
    261 Wis. 2d 45
    , 
    660 N.W.2d 686
    .
    ¶39    Although Attorney Boyle identifies only a single issue
    for our review——whether the referee's recommended sanction is
    appropriate——she           devotes     considerable         time      in    her     briefs    to
    challenging         the    factual         bases    for     many      of     the     referee's
    determinations        of       misconduct.          For     example,        Attorney     Boyle
    argues       that    the       referee      undercounted         or        undervalued        the
    communications        she       had    with      C.M.,     which,     she     claims,      were
    sufficient      to    ward       off   a    determination          that     she     failed     to
    appropriately communicate with him.                        Similarly, Attorney Boyle
    argues that the referee failed to account for all of the legal
    work she performed on C.P.'s case, which, she claims, justified
    the $2,500 she was paid.
    ¶40    Tellingly,         Attorney        Boyle's    briefs     barely        mention——
    much less apply——the standard of review relevant to a referee's
    factual findings:              the clearly erroneous standard.                    See Inglimo,
    15
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    
    305 Wis. 2d 71
    ,       ¶5.      This    omission         leads     Attorney       Boyle    to
    overlook     the    fact    that    our    review       of    the    referee's       factual
    findings is deferential rather than plenary.                          Thus, instead of
    leaving us with a definite and firm conviction that the referee
    has made a factual mistake, Attorney Boyle leaves us with the
    impression        that   she     would    rather       not     confront       the    damning
    evidence against her.
    ¶41   The record overwhelmingly shows that in the matters
    under    review,         Attorney       Boyle        failed     to     carry        out     her
    responsibilities to her clients.                     She habitually neglected her
    duty    to   communicate        with    clients,       often    leaving       her    clients
    entirely     in    the   dark.         There    is    no   justifiable        reason,       for
    example, for a client to have to discover the outcome of an
    important motion or an appeal from someone other than his or her
    lawyer, months after the relevant court issued its decision——as
    C.M. did, twice.           There is no justifiable reason for a client's
    reasonable requests——for progress updates, for information on
    fees, for the case file, for news of the very outcome of their
    case——to be wholly ignored by their lawyer for vast expanses of
    time.
    ¶42   Perhaps most troubling is the fact that, throughout
    this    disciplinary           hearing,    Attorney          Boyle     has     strenuously
    16
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    avoided taking responsibility for the bulk of the conduct at
    issue,11 instead offering a variety of excuses.                    They include:
       C.M. wrote and called her too frequently.
       Telephone     calls      from     prisons         are     not       clearly
    identified on telephone systems.
       She was out of the office or busy when C.M. called.
       Her failure to respond to C.M.'s communications was
    reasonable given that there was no ongoing activity in
    his case at that time.
       C.M. could relay messages to her through his family
    and friends.
       Written    communications        to    a    client   in       the   federal
    prison    system   are    risky       because     other       inmates   may
    steal them.
       Keeping    memos   or    notes    of       her   communications         with
    clients is dangerous for her clients.
       Setting up telephone conferences through the prison
    system is difficult.
       She is too busy to document all communications with
    clients.
       She could not send C.M. his file because it was too
    large to transmit to the prison.
    11
    We note that Attorney Boyle admits the facts and
    misconduct alleged by the OLR in Count Eight (failure to
    promptly respond to C.M.'s request for information concerning
    fees and expenses, in violation of SCR 20:1.5(b)(3)), and Count
    Nine (failure to return C.M.'s file upon termination of
    representation, in violation of SCR 20:1.16(d)).
    17
    No.    2011AP1767-D
        The    precise       nature      of     services       to     be     rendered    in
    criminal matters is difficult to state in writing at
    the commencement of representation.
        She was unaware and therefore did not inform C.M. of
    the district court's denial of relief under 
    28 U.S.C. § 2255
     because of the "unique nature" of the federal
    court's electronic filing system.
    ¶43        The    referee       was    not     persuaded         by     these    and     other
    excuses.       We are similarly unpersuaded.                       We therefore affirm the
    referee's findings of fact and agree with the referee that those
    factual findings demonstrate that Attorney Boyle committed the
    misconduct          alleged    in    Counts       Four       through        Nine    and     Eleven
    through Thirteen.
    ¶44        With    respect      to     the     discipline         to     be     imposed,    we
    depart    from       the    referee's       recommendation            and    from     the    OLR's
    suggestion that a four-month suspension is sufficient.                                      We are
    particularly          concerned       by    the        blame-shifting         strategy        that
    Attorney       Boyle       frequently      uses        to    try    minimize        her   ethical
    missteps.          This strategy demonstrates that Attorney Boyle does
    not fully understand her ethical obligations as a lawyer.                                      The
    purpose       of    lawyer    discipline          is    to    protect       the     public,    the
    courts, and the legal profession in Wisconsin from incompetent
    and unfit attorneys.            See In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against
    Hankel,       
    126 Wis. 2d 390
    ,          394,      
    376 N.W.2d 848
            (1985).         The
    public,       the    courts,    and       the    Wisconsin         legal     profession       need
    protection from Attorney Boyle until she demonstrates to this
    court, before she resumes practice, that she has made efforts to
    18
    No.     2011AP1767-D
    remedy the causes of her repeated failures to serve her clients
    ethically.       A six-month suspension is therefore necessary.                             See
    SCR     22.28(3).         It    is    also       consistent       with      the    range    of
    discipline this court has imposed for similar misconduct.                                  See,
    e.g., In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Joset, 
    2008 WI 41
    ,
    
    309 Wis. 2d 5
    , 
    748 N.W.2d 778
     (six-month suspension for failing
    to act with reasonable diligence and promptness in representing
    clients, failing to keep clients reasonably informed about the
    status of a matter and promptly comply with reasonable requests
    for    information,        failing     to    comply        with     court       orders,     and
    failing to cooperate with the investigation into misconduct); In
    re    Disciplinary       Proceedings        Against       Glynn,     
    2000 WI 117
    ,     
    238 Wis. 2d 860
    , 
    618 N.W.2d 740
     (nine-month suspension for failing
    to act with reasonable diligence and promptness in representing
    clients,       failing    to    explain      matters       reasonably        necessary      to
    permit       clients     to    make    informed          decisions       regarding        their
    representation, and failing to cooperate with the investigation
    into misconduct).
    ¶45     We further conclude that full costs are to be imposed
    on Attorney Boyle.             Neither the OLR nor Attorney Boyle disputes
    the appropriateness of assessing Attorney Boyle with the full
    costs of this disciplinary proceeding.
    ¶46     Finally,        we    conclude       that      Attorney          Boyle      must
    reimburse C.P.'s companion, B.T., for the $2,500 B.T. paid to
    Attorney Boyle.           Attorney Boyle asks this court to send the
    issue     of    her      entitlement        to     the     $2,500     fee       payment      to
    arbitration.           However, Attorney Boyle surely knew, or should
    19
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    have known, that professional discipline may include restitution
    "to the person whose money or property was misappropriated or
    misapplied in the amount or value of such money or property as
    found in the disciplinary proceedings."                  See SCRs 21.16(1m)(em)
    and (2m)(a)1.          Attorney Boyle had ample opportunity to verify
    the amounts she earned or expended while working on C.P.'s case.
    She has failed to do so.              The referee found Attorney Boyle's
    justification for the $2,500 fee to be incredible.                          This is not
    the forum for reweighing Attorney Boyle's credibility.
    ¶47     IT IS ORDERED that the license of Bridget E. Boyle to
    practice    law   in    Wisconsin     is   suspended      for     a    period       of   six
    months, effective January 30, 2014.
    ¶48     IT    IS    FURTHER   ORDERED       that    Bridget       E.    Boyle    shall
    comply with the provisions of SCR 22.26 concerning the duties of
    a person whose license to practice law in Wisconsin has been
    suspended.
    ¶49     IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that within 60 days of the date
    of this order, Bridget E. Boyle shall pay restitution in the
    amount of $2,500 to B.T.
    ¶50     IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that within 60 days of the date
    of this order, Bridget E. Boyle shall pay to the Office of
    Lawyer Regulation the costs of this proceeding.
    ¶51     IT    IS    FURTHER   ORDERED        that    restitution         is     to   be
    completed     prior     to   paying    costs      to    the     Office       of     Lawyer
    Regulation.
    20
    No.    2011AP1767-D
    ¶52   IT   IS   FURTHER   ORDERED   that   compliance   with    all
    conditions of this decision is required for reinstatement.          See
    SCR 22.29(4)(c).
    21
    No.   2011AP1767-D
    1