Kollock v. Parcher , 1881 Wisc. LEXIS 152 ( 1881 )

Taylor, J.

The evidence shows that the plaintiff kept a hotel in the city of Wausau, several miles from the place where the men were at work on the ties at the time he furnished them hoard. There is no claim made that the charges for board were unreasonably largo for men laboring as they were at the time. It is claimed by the appellants that board furnished laboring men at a hotel in the city, at a considerable distance from the place where they were at work, is not within the meaning of the statute which gives a lien for supplies. We are not disposed to hold that a hotel-keeper would have alien for such board if his charges were unreasonably large considering the employment the men were engaged in, and out of proportion when compared with the usual charges for board furnished men in like employments. We are not prepared to say that a man who was at work in getting out logs or timber of any kind could board at a hotel, where his daily charge for board would be more than his daily earnings, and make such charge for his board a lien upon the timber as against the owner thereof. We think, however, that under the statute as it was when these board bills were made, the fact that the board was furnished by a hotel-keeper does not of itself defeat a lien therefor, when the charges for the same are reasonable under all the circumstances. In this ease there is, in fact, no evidence which shows that the charges of the plaintiff were unnecessary or out of proportion, when considered with reference to the earnings of the men; and the objection to the board being supplies is, as we understand it, rested solely upon the fact that it was furnished by a hotel-keeper in the city, and at a considerable distance from the place where the work was done. We think these facts alone do not affect the rights of the plaintiff, and that if as a boarding-house-keeper he would have been entitled to a lien, he was entitled to it as a hotel-keeper.

Section 3330, R. S., as amended by section 1, ch. 167, Laws of 1879, declares that the word “supplies,” as applicable to tbe comities named in section 3329, except the county of Marathon and other counties named in the section, shall be construed to mean feed used for teams, and the food necessarily used.m camp to support the men, and no other thing; and that, in the county of Marathon and several others named, the words “ supplies, rafting or other materials ” shall be construed to mean and include all rafting or other materials used by the men and teams in and about the cutting, felling, hauling, driving, running, rafting, cribbing or towing any such logs or timber which are usually used Toy men or teams when so employed, including food for both, and all materials and articles usually or necessarily used in rafting, booming or cribbing logs or timber, and all groceries and provisions, clothing and other ordinary articles used by a laboring man or his family while doing any such labor or services upon any such logs or timber, when the same is furnished to and does apply in payment for the labor and services on such logs and timber, and does riot exceed the value of such services and labor.”

It is not disputed that board furnished to the men employed is covered by both definitions of the word “ supplies,” above given in the statute; and if the first definition were applicable to Marathon county, it would be quite certain that the charge for board of men at a hotel in the city would not come within the definition of “supplies” as including only food for men necessarily used in camp; but the second definition is, by chapter 167, Laws of 1879, made applicable to Marathon county. This definition of the word “ supplies ” is much more liberal and broad, and includes food for the men whilst employed, and does not restrict it to food necessarily used in camp. If the words “which are usually used by men and teams when so employed, including food for both,” restrict the food for men to such board as is usually furnished to men in such employments, still we think there is nothing in the evidence in this case which takes the claim of the plaintiff out of the statute.

It was suggested on the argument that, in order to have a claim for board of men under the statute, it could only be for such board as is furnished to the men whilst in camp. We think it is clear from the language of the statute,. that the word “ supplies,” as defined by the second clause of the statute, was not intended to limit it to the board or food furnished' in' camp. In the counties where the legislature so intended to limit it, it was done by express words in the first definition given. There is no limit as to the place where the board for the men shall be furnished in the second definition; and if there be any restriction, it is that it shall be such board as is' usually furnished to men in such employment. Upon this point we think the plaintiff produced sufficient evidence that his bill for board was a claim which would under the statute be a lien upon the ties manufactured by Waller under his contract with Cash.

It is further insisted by the learned counsel for the appel» lants, that ties are not “logs or lumber” within the meaning of the statute, and that, therefore, the plaintiff had no lien upon them, even though, his board bills were “ supplies ” within the definition given by the act above referred to. We think the word “timber,” as used in the statute, includes railroad ties. The statute uses but two words descriptive of the materials upon which the lien can attach, viz., “ logs and timber.” The word “logs,” as used in the statute, clearly means the stems or trunks of trees cut into convenient lengths for the purpose of being afterwards manufactured into lumber of various kinds, to supply the manifold wants of a civilized community, and does not include manufactured lumber of any kind, nor timber which is squared or otherwise shaped for use, without further change in form; and the word “timber” was clearly intended to include the same stems or trunks of trees when cut and shaped for use in the erection of buildings or other structures, and not to be manufactured into lumber within the ordinary meaning of the word “lumber.” Railroad ties are usually made from the stems of small trees, and shaped for use in the construction of .a railroad track, and we think are as clearly timber, within the meaning of that word as used in the statute, as squared sticks of timber prepared for use as beams, sills and posts in the construction of a dwelling-house or other building. This seems to hare been the definition of the word as given by this court in the case of Babka v. Eldred, 47 Wis., 189, 192. This court, in the construction of the lien laws of the state, has been disposed to construe them liberally in favor of the parties for whose benefit they were enacted. See Hogan v. Cushing, 49 Wis., 169; Winslow v. Urquhart, 39 Wis., 260. And certainly a liberal construction of the word “ timber ” will include railroad ties when finished and ready to use in the construction of a railroad track.

The learned, counsel for the appellants also contended that they were not the absolute owners of the ties when they gave the bill of sale to Cash; that the bill of sale given to them by Waller was simply a mortgage to secure them for the amount due to them from Waller for advances made. We are at a loss to see how that fact could affect their liability under the contract made with Gash. It is clear from the evidence that Cash got a good title to the ties by their bill of sale, even though Waller was the real owner of the ties at the time the appellants sold to Cash. The apparent title was in them, and, the real owner consenting to the sale and permitting the consideration money to be paid by the purchaser to the appellants, lie would be estopped from setting up any title to the same as against Cash, the purchaser. The receipt of the purchase money from Cash by the appellants was a sufficient consideration for the covenant on their part to pay all persons having liens on the same at the time of the sale. There béing a sufficient consideration to support their promise, the promise binds them, and, under the repeated decisions of this court, the persons for whose benefit the promise is made may maintain actions in their own names to enforce such promise. Putney v. Farnham, 27 Wis., 187; Bassett v. Hughes, 43 Wis., 319; McDowell v. Laev, 35 Wis., 171; Cotterill v. Stevens, 10 Wis., 422; Cook v. Barrett, 15 Wis., 596; Kimball v. Noyes, 17 Wis., 695.

The only other error assigned by the appellants is, that the copy of the. contract was improperly received in evidence against their objection. It is said in the argument in this court, that it was improperly received, for two reasons: first, that no sufficient reason was given for not producing the original; and second, that it was not shown that the copy offered was a true copy of the original. The last objection, we think, is not sustained by the evidence. It is true that the certificate attached to the copy was not sufficient to authorize it to be read as a copy: first, for the reason that it did not show that it had been compared with the original; and second, because the certificate was not made by a person authorized by law to certify to it in order to make the copy so certified admissible as evidence. But the person who made the copy, from the original was in court, and testified that it was a copy of the original contract. This, we think, was sufficient without the certificate to authorize the court to receive the same in evidence as a copy of the original contract.

As to the first objection, that the original should have been produced, or some good reason shown for not producing it before the copy was admissible, we think that objection was not made with sufficient distinctness on the trial. There were three objections made to the receipt of the copy in evidence. The first objection was, “that it was not the original contract, and that it was not yet proven to be a true copy.” This objection was sustained, and the plaintiff produced the person who made the copy, who testified that he made the copy from the original. The copy was then offered in evidence, again objected to “as incompetent;” the objection was overruled; and then the appellants cross-examined the witness as to his knowledge of the original from which he made the copy, and again objected to the copy being read in evidence, “ for the reason that it is not proven that this copy is a true and correct copy of the original contract, and it is therefore incompetent and inadmissible.” This objection was overruled, and exception taken, and the copy was then read in evidence. We think that the act of the appellants in assigning as the ground of their objection to the receipt of the copy in evidence that it was not a true copy, was a waiver of any right to object now upon this appeal that it was improperly received because there was no sufficient reason shown for not producing the original. There are two rules well established by the decisions of this court relating to exceptions to the introduction of documentary evidence. The first is, that where the evidence would be competent if certified or proved in the way pointed out by law, a general objection to the evidence as- incompetent is not sufficient to raise the question as to its proper authentication, and upon such general objection the evidence may be received, although not properly proved or authenticated. Best v. Davis, 18 Wis., 386; Bowman v. Van Kuren, 29 Wis., 209-215; Evans v. Sprague, 30 Wis., 303; Neis v. Franzen, 18 Wis., 537; State ex rel. v. Norton, 46 Wis., 332; Pettit v. May, 34 Wis., 666; Tomlinson v. Wallace, 16 Wis., 225. The other rule is, that when a specific objection only is made to the receipt of evidencé, either documentary or otherwise, all other objections are considered waived. Hanson v. Milwaukee Mech. Mut. Ins. Co., 45 Wis., 321-23. In this case, the appellant having objected to the receipt of evidence on the ground that the document was not a correct copy of the original, he cannot now object that the original should have been produced.

We find no error in the record which would justify the reversal of the judgment.

By the Court.— The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.