State v. Terry A.D. Strickland ( 2023 )

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
September 12, 2023
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.
Appeal No. 2022AP851-CR Cir. Ct. No. 2016CF3329
STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT I
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,
V.
TERRY A.D. STRICKLAND,
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
APPEAL from a judgment and an order of the circuit court for
Milwaukee County: JEFFREY A. CONEN and GLENN H. YAMAHIRO,
Judges. Affirmed.
Before White, C.J., Donald, P.J., and Dugan J.
Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent
or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
No. 2022AP851-CR
¶1 PER CURIAM. Terry A.D. Strickland appeals from a judgment of
conviction for two counts of first-degree reckless homicide, with use of a
dangerous weapon following a jury trial. He also appeals from the decision and
order denying his motion for postconviction relief. On appeal, Strickland asserts
that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to impeach a witness with a prior
statement that she saw someone other than Strickland firing shots and for failing to
call another witness who told police that he saw someone pointing a firearm at
Strickland and attempting to pull the trigger, but the firearm jammed. He argues
that both of these witnesses would have supported his claim that he acted in self-
defense, and thus, “the result of the trial would have been different as [Strickland]
would have been acquitted as he acted in self-defense.” He argues that trial
counsel performed deficiently and he was prejudiced by that conduct. Based on
the record, we conclude that Strickland has not shown that trial counsel was
ineffective, and we affirm.
BACKGROUND
¶2 On July 17, 2016, at approximately 12:20 p.m., City of Milwaukee
Police officers responded within minutes to several 911 calls regarding a shooting
at 3536 North 26th Street in the City of Milwaukee. At the scene, police
discovered two victims—Maurice Brown and Michael Reed. Brown’s body was
lying on his back face up in the gateway separating the sidewalk from the front
yard of the residence. The officers observed that Brown had suffered multiple
gunshot wounds. He was pronounced dead at the scene. Reed’s body was outside
the fence, lying face down on top of the curb parallel to the street. The officers
observed that Reed had suffered a gunshot wound to the head. He was
pronounced dead while being conveyed to the hospital.
2
No. 2022AP851-CR
¶3 During their investigation, officers recovered six spent .40 caliber
bullet casings at the scene. Five were from one firearm and the sixth was from a
different firearm.
¶4 Officers interviewed two eyewitnesses—Sonya Trotter and Erica
Brown (Erica).1 Trotter told police that she was inside a residence just down the
street at 3522 North 26th Street. She heard multiple gunshots and she went onto
the front porch to see what had happened. She observed a male armed with a
pistol standing over a second male who was lying on the ground on the sidewalk
in front of the residence above. Trotter said that she saw the armed man shoot the
male on the ground. She said that the gunman turned as if to go into the residence
at the subject location, but then got into the rear passenger side of a black SUV,
which was parked on the street in front of the subject location. Trotter stated that
the SUV then drove off northbound on 26th Street.
¶5 Erica told police that on the date of the shooting she went to the
residence located at 3522 North 26th Street to drop her daughter off with the
child’s father. As she stood on the front porch with her daughter, she saw seven to
eight male subjects loudly arguing in the yard in front of the subject residence.
She stated that one of the shooting victims (subsequently identified as Brown) was
trying to stop the argument and somehow ended up on the ground. Erica then
stated that she saw a male subject shoot the man on the ground four times at close
range, while the man laid on the ground. She went inside to get her daughter out
of harm’s way. While inside, she heard another gunshot coming from the same
location as where she saw the first four shots. She then stepped back out onto the
1
Erica Brown and Maurice Brown are not related.
3
No. 2022AP851-CR
front porch and observed a black SUV parked in front of the subject residence
drive off northbound on 26th Street. Both Trotter and Erica identified Strickland,
in a photo array, as the person who shot Brown.2
¶6 Through their investigation, police were able to locate Strickland in
El Paso, Texas, where he was living under a fictitious name. The State charged
Strickland with two counts of first-degree intentional homicide, with use of a
dangerous weapon for the shooting deaths of Brown and Reed. The matter
proceeded to a jury trial on May 30, 2017. During the trial, the jury heard
testimony from several law enforcement officers and citizen witnesses. Trotter
testified consistent with her statements to the police and her identification of
Strickland as the shooter in the photo array and in court.
¶7 Erica testified consistent with her statements to the police. She
stated that there were seven to eight people in the altercation that began as a verbal
argument, progressed to a physical fight, and then to the shooting. She saw
Strickland standing on a step, shooting. She testified that she only saw Strickland
with a gun—she did not see anyone else with a gun. She then ran into a house and
when she came back out, she saw a second male on the ground. Erica also
testified that she identified Strickland as the shooter from the photo array and
identified him in court, as well.
2
Strickland was identified as a suspect because he lived in the residence where the
shootings occurred. Officers received and executed a search warrant at the subject property and
discovered three cell phones, a magazine for a semi-automatic pistol loaded with eight unspent
.40 caliber casings, an Illinois identification card containing Strickland’s information, and a
Milwaukee County Jail inmate property receipt with Strickland’s information.
4
No. 2022AP851-CR
¶8 The jury also heard testimony from an assistant Milwaukee County
medical examiner who testified that both Brown and Reed died from gunshot
wounds. A detective who was at the scene of the shooting testified regarding the
evidence that was collected. There were five casings found in an area close
around the stairs of the house. Based on where the casings were found, police
determined that the shooter was facing toward the street when discharging the
firearm. The five casings were from a .40 caliber firearm. The sixth casing was
farther away on the pavement. The five casings were fired from one firearm, and
the sixth was fired from another.
¶9 The jury also heard testimony from Lisa De La Paz who was the
woman that Strickland and his girlfriend were living with in El Paso after he left
Milwaukee.3 She testified that Strickland told her his name was “Chi.” She stated
that he and his girlfriend came to live in her house with her and her son in
November 2016 and stayed there for a few months. In January 2017, the El Paso
police came to her home looking for Strickland. She told them that she did not
know who that was. The police wanted to search her house and she said no and
they left. Strickland’s girlfriend then called a friend for a ride to get away from
the house. De La Paz testified that as Chi was leaving, he told her that “I’m Terry
A.D. Strickland. I’m the one they’re looking for. I’m the one that killed those two
men. I did it to protect my cousin.” When Strickland left, she looked him up on
her son’s cell phone and discovered that Strickland was on the FBI’s most wanted
3
De La Paz testified that she did not know Strickland prior to meeting him in El Paso
and only offered to share her home with him and his girlfriend because they were homeless and
she wanted to help them.
5
No. 2022AP851-CR
list. Three to four days later, she called the FBI hotline and turned Strickland in.
She identified Strickland in court as Chi.
¶10 Strickland also testified. He stated that he lived at the subject
property for about a year or a year and one-half prior to the shooting. He
described it as a rooming house with two bedrooms upstairs where a man and a
woman lived in each bedroom—he lived in a bedroom on the first floor with his
eighteen-month-old child.
¶11 Strickland testified that on the day of the shooting he was on his
front porch and his neighbors who he called “Somalians,” were drinking and being
loud and “rambunctious.” There were six or seven of them. Strickland walked off
his porch and went over to them and asked them to quiet down because his child
was sleeping. The group initially agreed but became louder again minutes later.
The group then came back to his house and tried to get in the front door. He
testified that Brown and Reed were in the group.
¶12 Strickland testified that at this point there were ten to fifteen men in
his yard. A verbal argument ensued and developed into a physical fight when
Brown struck him. He also testified that he saw a couple of individuals with
firearms in the yard. He then stated that he was “dazed” by a blow from Brown
and then heard a gunshot. He testified that he saw Brown going for a gun on the
ground and Strickland went for the gun and got it first. Strickland stated that he
then saw Ronnie Burrows4 point a firearm at him and squeeze the trigger, but the
4
Burrows is spelled “Burrows” and “Burroughs” throughout different portions of the
record. To be consistent with the postconviction court’s decision and the parties’ spelling in their
briefs, we also use “Burrows.”
6
No. 2022AP851-CR
firearm jammed. Strickland then pointed the gun that he picked up off the ground
at Burrows and squeezed the trigger. He did not know how many times he shot—
he just squeezed the trigger because he was scared. He testified that a whole
bunch of people started “popping up” and so he ran and jumped in a car. He also
stated that he went in the house but by doing that he was jeopardizing his child’s
life and it was a possibility that the people were going to shoot up his house. He
said that if he left, he thought they would follow him as the “target.”
¶13 Strickland testified that he stayed in Milwaukee for a few days and
then heard that someone had shot up his house—he got scared and left
Milwaukee.5 He also heard that there was a price on his head. He testified that he
had no other option but to act in self-defense.
¶14 On cross-examination, Strickland testified that he was not saying in
court that he saw anyone with a gun except for Burrows. When asked if he shot
Reed, he stated that he did not know—“I was just scared for my life. I was just
shooting the gun.” He stated that he saw Burrows with a gun and that Burrows
pointed it at him, squeezed the trigger, and the gun jammed. The prosecutor asked
him, “after you empty your clip, nobody shoots at you, correct?” Strickland
answered, “[c]orrect.” He then stated that is when he ran away dropping the gun
in his yard as he ran.
5
Strickland testified that he went to El Paso and lived with De La Paz for a period of
time until the police came to her house. He denied telling her that his name was Strickland and
that he committed the crimes he was charged with.
7
No. 2022AP851-CR
¶15 At the close of the trial, the circuit court6 instructed the jury on first-
degree intentional homicide, with use of a dangerous weapon, self-defense, and
the lesser included offenses of second-degree intentional homicide, with use of a
dangerous weapon, and first-degree reckless homicide, with use of a dangerous
weapon. After deliberations, the jury found Strickland guilty of both counts of the
lesser included offenses of first-degree reckless homicide, with use of a dangerous
weapon. The circuit court sentenced him to thirty-eight years in prison on each
count, consecutive to each other, with thirty years initial confinement and eight
years extended supervision on each count.7
¶16 Strickland filed a postconviction motion alleging two instances of
ineffective assistance of counsel. He alleged that trial counsel was ineffective
when he did not confront Erica with her statement to police that she saw one of the
“Somali brothers,” who was involved in the altercation run out of his house with a
gun after Strickland shot Brown. He also alleged that trial counsel was ineffective
for not calling Hassan Yusuf as a witness. Strickland alleges that Yusuf saw
Burrows point a gun at Strickland and pull the trigger, but the gun jammed.
Strickland argued that Erica’s report of a man with another gun and Yusuf’s
statement about Burrows would have supported his self-defense argument and
would have led to him being acquitted.
6
The Honorable Jeffrey A. Conen presided over Strickland’s jury trial and sentencing
and the Honorable Glenn H. Yamahiro presided over Strickland’s postconvicition motion. We
refer to Judge Conen as the circuit court and Judge Yamahiro as the postconviction court.
7
After sentencing Strickland, by counsel, filed a no-merit report. By order dated August
18, 2021, this court directed appellate counsel for Strickland to file a supplemental no-merit
report in this matter. Counsel then advised this court that the case presented at least one arguably
meritorious issue and requested voluntary dismissal of the no-merit appeal and an extension of
appellate deadlines. This court granted the relief requested.
8
No. 2022AP851-CR
¶17 The postconviction court denied Strickland’s motion without a
hearing. It stated that Erica’s statement was that “she saw the Somali brother exit
with a handgun and start firing after the victims were struck. Under this
circumstance, there is no reasonable probability that impeaching the witness with
her prior statement would have assisted [Strickland’s] self-defense claim.” The
court also stated that Yusuf’s testimony would have been cumulative to
Strickland’s testimony and that “[t]here is no reasonable probability that the
cumulative testimony of another witness would have resulted in an acquittal,
particularly since [Strickland’s] self-defense claim did not relate to Burrows but
rather [to Brown and Reed].” It further stated that “[t]he court fails to perceive
how evidence that Burrows attempted to shoot [Strickland] would have made it
any more likely that the jury would have believed that he acted in self-defense
when he shot and killed [Brown and Reed].”
¶18 The circuit further stated that “assuming that counsel was deficient
in regard to the testimony of [Erica] and for failing to call [Yusuf], there was very
strong evidence presented at trial that [Strickland] did not act in self-defense[.]” It
described that evidence and then stated that “[w]hile [Strickland] raise[d]
speculation about ‘other shooters,’ there is no reasonable probability that the jury
would have ignored the forensic and ballistic evidence or his own acts and
admissions, and therefore, the court finds that he was not prejudiced by counsel’s
performance in this case.”
¶19 This appeal follows.
DISCUSSION
¶20 As noted above, Strickland asserts that trial counsel was ineffective
for failing to impeach Erica with her prior statement that she saw one of the
9
No. 2022AP851-CR
“Somali brothers” firing shots and for failing to call Yusuf who told police that he
saw someone pointing a firearm at Strickland and attempting to pull the trigger,
but the firearm jammed. He argues that Erica’s report of a man shooting another
gun and Yusuf’s statement about Burrows would have supported his self-defense
argument and would have led to him being acquitted. He argues that trial counsel
was deficient and he was prejudiced by that deficiency.
I. Standard of Review
¶21 “Under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States
Constitution, a criminal defendant is guaranteed the right to effective assistance of
counsel.” State v. Balliette, 2011 WI 79, ¶21, 336 Wis. 2d 358, 805 N.W.2d 334.
A defendant must show two elements to establish that his or her counsel’s
assistance was constitutionally ineffective: (1) counsel’s performance was
deficient; and (2) the deficient performance resulted in prejudice to the defense.
Id. “If the defendant fails to prove either prong, we need not address whether the
other prong was satisfied.” State v. Floyd, 2016 WI App 64, ¶22, 371 Wis. 2d
404, 885 N.W.2d 156.
¶22 “To demonstrate deficient performance, the defendant must show
that his counsel’s representation ‘fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness’ considering all the circumstances.” State v. Carter, 2010 WI 40,
¶22, 324 Wis. 2d 640, 782 N.W.2d 695 (citation omitted). “In general, there is a
strong presumption that trial counsel’s conduct ‘falls within the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance.’” State v. Breitzman, 2017 WI 100, ¶38, 378
Wis. 2d 431, 904 N.W.2d 93 (citation omitted).
¶23 Prejudice occurs when counsel’s error is of such magnitude that
there is a “reasonable probability” that but for the error, the outcome would have
10
No. 2022AP851-CR
been different. State v. Erickson, 227 Wis. 2d 758, 769, 596 N.W.2d 749 (1999).
“‘A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in
the outcome.’ That requires a ‘substantial,’ not just ‘conceivable,’ likelihood of a
different result.” Cullen v. Pinholster, 563 U.S. 170, 189 (2011) (citations
omitted).
¶24 “An ineffective assistance of counsel claim presents a mixed
question of fact and law.” State v. Pico, 2018 WI 66, ¶13, 382 Wis. 2d 273, 914
N.W.2d 95. “We will not reverse the circuit court’s findings of fact unless they
are clearly erroneous.” Id. “We independently review, as a matter of law,
whether those facts demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel.” Id.II. Trial Counsel was not Ineffective
¶25 Strickland states that his defense was that he acted in self-defense.
He asserts that he was “dazed” by a blow he received while fighting with Brown
and then heard a gunshot. Strickland states that he saw Brown going for a gun on
the ground and Strickland went for the gun and got it first. Further, he states that
he saw Burrows point a firearm at him and squeeze the trigger, but the firearm
jammed. He says that he then pointed the gun that he picked up off the ground at
Burrows and squeezed the trigger. He did not know how many times he shot—he
just squeezed the trigger because he was scared. Thus, he argues that his actions
were done in self-defense.
¶26 The problem with Strickland’s argument is that, at best, he is
asserting that he was acting in self-defense when shooting at Burrows who was
trying to shoot him. First, he does not say that Brown was in any way threatening
him. Although Strickland says that Brown was reaching for a gun on the ground,
he also says that he got to the gun before Brown, picked it up, and that was the gun
11
No. 2022AP851-CR
that he pointed at Burrows and shot at him. Thus, the evidence shows that Brown
did not possess a gun and was not threatening Strickland at the time Strickland
began shooting. Second, as to Reed, Strickland does not even make any claim that
Reed was threatening him, let alone that Reed ever possessed a gun. He merely
says that Reed was there at the time of the shooting.
¶27 We conclude that even if Strickland could claim he acted in self-
defense based on his assertion that Burrows had a gun, pointed it at Strickland, and
tried to shoot him, he could not claim that he acted in self-defense as to Brown or
Reed. Strickland fails to demonstrate that he could rely on self-defense based on
the facts in this case. Pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 939.48(3)8:
[t]he privilege of self-defense extends not only to the
intentional infliction of harm upon a real or apparent
wrongdoer, but also to the unintended infliction of harm
upon a 3rd person, except that if the unintended infliction of
harm amounts to the crime of first-degree … reckless
homicide, … the actor is liable for whichever one of those
crimes is committed.
(Emphasis added.)9 Thus, a person’s privilege to act in self-defense against a
wrongdoer—allegedly Burrows in this case—does not extend to unintended first-
degree reckless homicide of a third person.
¶28 As noted, here Strickland was charged with two counts of first-
degree intentional homicide and convicted of the lesser included offenses of first-
degree reckless homicide. He acknowledges that he fired the gun to protect
himself from Burrows—not from either Brown or Reed. Therefore, the plain
8
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2021-22 version unless otherwise
noted.
9
We note that the statute specifies other crimes that are not relevant to this case.
12
No. 2022AP851-CR
language of WIS. STAT. § 939.48(3) bars Strickland from asserting self-defense to
avoid conviction of the two counts of first-degree reckless homicide of Brown and
Reed.10
¶29 We conclude that because Strickland offers no legal authority
demonstrating the viability of his self-defense claim that he advances, considering
the facts of this case, including the fact that he was convicted of two counts of
first-degree reckless homicide, he fails to show that trial counsel performed
deficiently by not introducing the testimony of Erica and Yusuf that he argues
would support his self-defense claim.
¶30 Moreover, we note that in its response brief the State made the
argument that WIS. STAT. § 939.48(3) applied to the facts in this case, and
therefore, Strickland’s privilege of self-defense did not apply to first-degree
reckless homicide. It argued that accordingly, not only would there not have been
a reasonable probability of a different result, but rather, a different result was not
possible under the statute based on the facts in this case. Strickland does not
respond to the State’s argument in his reply brief, and thus, we consider that he
concedes that the State is correct. See United Coop. v. Frontier FS Coop., 2007
WI App 197, ¶39, 304 Wis. 2d 750, 738 N.W.2d 578 (holding that an appellant’s
failure to dispute respondent’s arguments in a reply brief may be taken as a
concession).
10
We note that although the postconviction court did not rely on this statute in rendering
its decision, “it is well-established law in Wisconsin that an appellate court may sustain a lower
court’s ruling ‘on a theory or on reasoning not presented to the lower court.’” Blum v. 1st
Auto & Cas. Ins. Co., 2010 WI 78, ¶27 n.4, 326 Wis. 2d 729, 786 N.W.2d 78 (citation omitted).
13
No. 2022AP851-CR
CONCLUSION
¶31 For the reasons stated above, we conclude that Strickland failed to
show that trial counsel was deficient in his performance. Further, we conclude
that by failing to refute the State’s argument that WIS. STAT. § 939.48(3) applied
to the facts in this case, and therefore, Strickland’s privilege of self-defense did
not apply to first-degree reckless homicide, that he conceded the argument. We,
therefore, affirm the judgment and order of the circuit court and postconviction
court.
By the Court.—Judgment and order affirmed.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT. RULE
809.23(1)(b)5.
14