Waukesha County H&HS v. S.S. ( 2020 )

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
June 10, 2020
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Sheila T. Reiff petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10 and
RULE 809.62.
Appeal No. 2020AP592 Cir. Ct. No. 2018TP19
STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT II
IN RE THE TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS TO A.W., A PERSON UNDER THE
AGE OF 18:
WAUKESHA COUNTY HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,
PETITIONER-RESPONDENT,
V.
S.S.,
RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
APPEAL from an order of the circuit court for Waukesha County:
LLOYD CARTER, Judge. Affirmed.
No. 2020AP592
¶1 REILLY, P.J.1 S.S. appeals from an order terminating her parental
rights to A.W., arguing that the circuit court erred when it granted Waukesha County
Health and Human Services’ (the department) motion for default judgment and
denied S.S. the right to a jury trial at the grounds phase of the termination of parental
rights (TPR) proceeding. S.S. argues that WIS. STAT. §§ 805.03 and 885.11 do not
give the court the authority to default a party without finding a failure to comply
with a court order. As we conclude that a circuit court may default a party for
egregious conduct and the record before us support’s the circuit court’s finding of
egregiousness, the circuit court did not erroneously exercise its discretion. We
affirm.
Background
¶2 A.W. was found to be a child in need of protection or services
(CHIPS) pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 48.13(10) on September 7, 2016. At that time,
she remained in S.S.’s home, but shortly thereafter A.W. was removed and placed
in foster care2 after S.S. overdosed on heroin while A.W. was present. S.S. suffered
another drug overdose in January 2017, illegally acquired Suboxone during the
summer of 2017, and was incarcerated between December 2017 and February 2018
due to a heroin relapse while on probation.
1
This appeal is decided by one judge pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 752.31(2)(e) (2017-18).
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2017-18 version.
2
A.W. remained in the same foster home from October 2016 until the conclusion of this
case.
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No. 2020AP592
¶3 A TPR petition was filed on April 27, 2018, alleging grounds3 of
continuing CHIPS under WIS. STAT. § 48.415(2) and failure to assume parental
responsibility under § 48.415(6). S.S. contested the petition, and the parties twice
attempted mediation without success. After two adjournments, a jury trial was
scheduled on the grounds phase for June 24, 2019.
¶4 On June 20, 2019, S.S. filed a motion to adjourn the trial. The motion,
filed by counsel, alleged that S.S. was “experiencing some extreme physical
distress” and explained that S.S. was suffering “increased pain, bleeding to a point
that required frequent changes of sanitary products to avoid bleeding through
clothing, exhaustion and an inability to function which have led to missing multiple
appointments to prepare for trial.” Counsel stated that under the circumstances she
did not feel she could be “adequately prepared for trial” and she did not “know if
[S.S. was] physically able to be present for trial.”
¶5 The circuit court held a hearing on the motion, which revealed that
S.S. had allegedly been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and S.S. provided written
documentation of her diagnosis from a nurse in the emergency department of
Waukesha Memorial Hospital. According to the letter, S.S. was to be “excuse[d]”
for “the next 4-6 weeks for a full recovery due to the severity of diagnosed disease
and surgical procedure.” The circuit court granted the motion to adjourn the trial.
¶6 On July 30, 2019, the social worker in the case filed a memo with the
circuit court indicating that she was concerned due to “the format and appearance
3
There are two phases in a TPR proceeding: a “grounds” or “unfitness” phase and a
dispositional phase. Steven V. v. Kelley H., 2004 WI 47, ¶¶24-27, 271 Wis. 2d 1, 678 N.W.2d 856.
At the grounds phase, the circuit court determines whether the parent is unfit based on one of
grounds listed in WIS. STAT. § 48.415. Steven V., 271 Wis. 2d 1, ¶¶24-25. If the parent is found
unfit, the case proceeds to the dispositional phase, during which the court determines if termination
is in the best interests of the child. Id., ¶27.
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No. 2020AP592
of the medical excuse that [S.S.] presented to the Court” and the fact that S.S. had
been refusing to sign a release of medical information “for the Department to verify
and discuss [S.S.’s] medical condition.” The memo also explained that, according
to S.S., her cancer surgery was to have taken place on July 20, 2019.
¶7 In response, the court held a status conference on August 2, 2019,
where S.S., through her counsel, provided a document from her medical records
titled “discharge instructions” that purported to note an “ovarian surgical procedure”
that took place on July 20. S.S. explained to the court that she was refusing to sign
for the release of medical records due to privacy concerns: “That’s part of the
HIPAA law. I don’t have to sign off on medical records.” The circuit court
explained to S.S. that she had made representations to the court about “a significant
medical issue and you used that as a basis to ask for a delay in the trial and not show
up in court. So in that sense, the Court has an interest in confirming the veracity of
the information you supplied.” The court ordered S.S. to sign the release.
¶8 On August 8, 2019, the social worker filed a letter with the circuit
court informing it of the results of her investigation. According to the social worker,
medical staff at Waukesha Memorial Hospital denied writing the medical excuse
that S.S. presented to the court, denied diagnosing S.S. with ovarian cancer, and
indicated that they had no record of S.S. being diagnosed or treated for ovarian
cancer at their clinic.
¶9 The circuit court held another status conference on August 12, 2019.
At the hearing, it was revealed that S.S. had in fact gone to the emergency room on
June 20, 2019, but she had not been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. S.S.’s counsel
asked for more time to conduct her own investigation, but expressed her concern
that S.S. was “making use of me to defraud the court.” S.S. never denied the
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No. 2020AP592
allegations that she falsified her medical records and lied to the court. The court
immediately put the case back on the schedule for a jury trial.
¶10 Days later, the department filed a motion for default judgment against
S.S., moving pursuant to WIS. STAT. §§ 805.03, 885.11(5), and the court’s inherent
authority for sanctions to strike the contest response of S.S. and allow the
department to obtain a default judgment against S.S. as to the grounds phase of the
TPR proceeding. The court granted the department’s motion, explaining that
[S.S.’s] conduct is the epitome of bad faith and egregious
conduct…. There’s no other way to conclude what [S.S.]
did here was a calculated, planned effort on her part to make
a false representation to her attorney knowing that her
attorney would communicate that information to the Court,
then follow it through with further fabrication and
falsification to the extent of creating a false document that
[S.S.] then presented to her attorney knowing that it would
be presented to the Court all for the specific purpose of
avoiding the June 24th trial date ….
¶11 On December 16, 2019, the circuit court held a prove-up hearing on
the grounds phase and on the dispositional phase. After hearing testimony from the
social worker and S.S., the court found that the department had met its burden to
establish grounds for TPR. The basis for the grounds phase was S.S.’s failure to
comply with the conditions of return, specifically her failure to manage her
substance abuse recovery, including a June 2019 car accident that resulted in
criminal charges for operating a vehicle while intoxicated and possession of
methamphetamines; failure to comply with and complete drug and alcohol treatment
services; and failure to consistently report for random drug screenings as required.
The court found the social worker’s testimony to be credible and determined that
the department had exercised reasonable efforts to facilitate compliance with S.S.’s
conditions for return. As to the dispositional phase, the circuit court found that
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No. 2020AP592
termination was in the best interests of A.W.4 and entered an order involuntarily
terminating S.S.’s parental rights to A.W.5
Discussion
¶12 We conclude that the circuit court did not erroneously exercise its
discretion when it granted the department’s motion to enter a default judgment
against S.S. It is well established that the circuit court has both statutory6 and
inherent authority to sanction parties for misconduct. Evelyn C.R. v. Tykila S., 2001
WI 110, ¶17, 246 Wis. 2d 1, 629 N.W.2d 768; Johnson v. Allis Chalmers Corp.,
162 Wis. 2d 261, 273-74, 470 N.W.2d 859 (1991), overruled on other grounds by
4
S.S. does not challenge the circuit court’s findings as to the dispositional phase. Counsel
for S.S. argued that S.S. was seventeen when she gave birth to A.W., she had little to no assistance
parenting, and she had been working to overcome her substantial drug dependency issues. Counsel
argued that the circuit court consider a guardianship instead of terminating S.S.’s parental rights.
Once the parent has been found unfit at the grounds phase, the court’s decision to terminate
a parent’s rights turns on the best interests of the child. See WIS. STAT. §§ 48.01(1), 48.426(2).
Our review of the record indicates that the circuit court properly addressed the six factors under
§ 48.426(3). The court found that A.W.’s foster parents would be an adoptive resource, that A.W.
was removed from S.S.’s care when she was three years old and was now six years old, that A.W.
had been out of S.S.’s home for almost thirty-nine months at the time of disposition, and that A.W.’s
relationship with her foster parents would allow her to enter into a more stable and permanent
family relationship. The court acknowledged that whether A.W. had a substantial relationship with
S.S. was a “closer call,” but ultimately determined that it could not conclude that the relationship
was substantial because “it’s just limited” and that it would not be harmful to A.W. to severe that
relationship based on “all the facts and circumstances in this case.” We review the circuit court’s
determination under the best interests of the child standard for an erroneous exercise of discretion.
See State v. Margaret H., 2000 WI 42, ¶¶27, 32, 234 Wis. 2d 606, 610 N.W.2d 475. “A proper
exercise of discretion requires the circuit court to apply the correct standard of law to the facts at
hand.” Id., ¶32. There is no evidence that the circuit court erred as a matter of law.
5
The adjudicated father’s parental rights to A.W. were also voluntarily terminated. The
father is not a party to this appeal.
6
The statutory source for sanctions is found, for example, under WIS. STAT. § 805.03,
which provides that the court “may make such orders in regard to the failure as are just” based on
a “failure of any claimant to prosecute or for failure of any party to comply with the statutes
governing procedure in civil actions or to obey any order of court.” See also WIS. STAT. §§ 802.05,
802.10, 804.12.
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No. 2020AP592
Industrial Roofing Servs., Inc. v. Marquardt, 2007 WI 19, 299 Wis. 2d 81, 726
N.W.2d 898; see also Schaefer v. Northern Assurance Co. of Am., 182 Wis. 2d
148, 162-63, 513 N.W.2d 615 (Ct. App. 1994). In TPR cases the rules of civil
procedure governing default judgments apply. Door Cty. DHFS v. Scott S., 230
Wis. 2d 460, 465, 602 N.W.2d 167 (Ct. App. 1999). Whether to enter a default
judgment is within the circuit court’s discretion. Evelyn C.R., 246 Wis. 2d 1, ¶18.
We will uphold the circuit court’s exercise of discretion provided the court relied
on the facts of record and applied the proper standard of law to reach a reasonable
decision. Marquardt, 299 Wis. 2d 81, ¶41. “The question is not whether this court
as an original matter would have imposed the sanction; it is whether the circuit court
[erroneously exercised] its discretion in doing so.” Sentry Ins. v. Davis, 2001 WI
App 203, ¶19, 247 Wis. 2d 501, 634 N.W.2d 553.
¶13 As entry of a default judgment is a particularly harsh sanction, its use
is limited to acts that are “egregious[ ] or in bad faith.” Marquardt, 299
Wis. 2d 81, ¶43. An act is said to be egregious if it is “extraordinary in some bad
way; glaring, flagrant.” Davis, 247 Wis. 2d 501, ¶21 n.8 (citation omitted).
“Egregious conduct means a conscious attempt to affect the outcome of litigation or
a flagrant, knowing disregard of the judicial process.” Morrison v. Rankin, 2007
WI App 186, ¶20, 305 Wis. 2d 240, 738 N.W.2d 588. “Our cases have defined bad
faith by reference to ‘deceit; duplicity; insincerity,’” as “a species of fraud,” and
“the knowing failure to exercise an honest and informed judgment.” Roehl Transp.,
Inc. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 2010 WI 49, ¶122 n.49, 325 Wis. 2d 56, 784 N.W.2d
542 (citations omitted). “A circuit court is not required to analyze a specific set of
factors before awarding a default judgment; instead, it should focus on ‘the degree
to which the party’s conduct offends the standards of trial practice.’” Brandon
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No. 2020AP592
Apparel Grp., Inc. v. Pearson Props., Ltd., 2001 WI App 205, ¶11, 247 Wis. 2d
521, 634 N.W.2d 544 (citation omitted).
¶14 S.S. argues that the circuit court improperly exercised its discretion
when it granted a default judgment at the grounds phase as the court did not find
that S.S. violated a court order. The department argues that “S.S.’s conduct was a
perpetration of fraud upon the Court” and “[h]er actions provided adequate cause
for sanctions to be imposed.” We agree and conclude that the circuit court did not
erroneously exercise its discretion.
¶15 As the circuit court acknowledged, S.S. presented no evidence in the
record to suggest that perhaps a misunderstanding occurred. Instead, all the
evidence demonstrates that S.S. conducted an intentional, continuous campaign to
perpetrate a fraud upon the court, manipulate the parties in this case, lie to her legal
counsel, and create fraudulent medical records. The purpose of S.S.’s actions
appears to be to manipulate the court’s calendar and avoid the jury trial on the
grounds phase of the TPR proceeding.7
¶16 The record supports the court’s sanction of granting a default
judgment on the grounds phase of the TPR proceeding. There is no dispute that S.S.
lied to the court. A lie to the circuit court can establish egregious behavior. See,
e.g., Jones v. Courtyard Apartments, LLP, No. 2009AP1626, unpublished slip op.
¶9 (WI App May 11, 2010); see also WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3)(b). S.S. was aware
7
In reaching its decision to grant the department’s motion, the circuit court relied on two
unpublished, but authored decisions of this court, State v. K.C., No. 2017AP32, unpublished slip
op. (WI App Apr. 25, 2017), and State v. Marquita R., Nos. 2010AP1979, 2010AP1980,
2010AP1981, unpublished slip op. (WI App Dec. 14, 2010), which we also find persuasive, see
WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3)(b). Like in K.C. and Marquita R., S.S.’s conduct was found to be
egregious and an intentional effort to delay the proceedings and avoid a decision on the merits. See
K.C., No. 2017AP32, ¶¶20, 31, 35; Marquita R., Nos. 2010AP1979, 2010AP1980, 2010AP1981,
¶¶17, 23.
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No. 2020AP592
that the jury trial was scheduled to take place on June 24, 2019, after at least two
adjournments. S.S. told counsel that she was “experiencing some extreme physical
distress” after purportedly missing several meetings to prepare for trial, knowing
that counsel would repeat that information to the court, in order to obtain another
adjournment. Over several months, she continued to perpetuate the lie that she had
ovarian cancer by falsifying medical documents; lying about a scheduled surgery,
both to the court and to the social worker; and refusing to sign off on a release of
her medical information to prevent the parties, and by extension the court, from
uncovering the lie. Accordingly, we conclude that the record supports the court’s
finding that S.S.’s actions were egregious and constitute bad faith.
¶17 S.S.’s only argument is that the circuit court did not identify an order
that she violated. Under the circumstances and given the court’s inherent authority
to sanction parties for litigation misconduct, we see no error. Cf. WIS. STAT.
§ 802.05; Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 46 (1991) (explaining that a
court’s “inherent power extends to a full range of litigation abuses”); Lee v. GEICO
Indem. Co., 2009 WI App 168, 321 Wis. 2d 698, 776 N.W.2d 622 (“[T]he common
law in Wisconsin is clear that a trial court has inherent power to sanction a party to
maintain the dignity of the circuit court.”). In any case, S.S. was ordered by the
circuit court to “continue to appear at each and every court date” and was warned at
least twice that failure to appear could result in the court entering a default against
her. By fraudulently obtaining an adjournment, S.S. failed to appear at the
scheduled jury trial date and failed to comply with the court’s scheduling order, as
the circuit court recognized at the August 2, 2019 hearing. See State v. Yvette A.,
No. 2012AP548, unpublished slip op. ¶18 (WI App Aug. 14, 2012) (affirming
default sanction based on party repeatedly checking herself into hospital to delay
court proceedings). S.S. was also told by the court to “continue to cooperate with
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No. 2020AP592
[her] respective attorney[]; cooperate with the guardian ad litem[’s] investigation;
[and] cooperate with any discovery matters that are ongoing.” S.S. violated every
one of those directives in order to avoid a trial.
¶18 Further, one of the basic tenets of our legal system is that parties will
be truthful and not lie to the court, which, as the circuit court recognized, is so
“fundamentally obvious” that it should not “require a formal warning.” “There are
few, if any, functions of a circuit court more vital in maintaining its dignity or
accomplishing the purposes of its existence than ensuring the truthful disclosure of
facts…. Accordingly, we believe that a court must be empowered to protect itself
from those egregious practices which threaten the dignity of the judicial process.”
Schultz v. Sykes, 2001 WI App 255, ¶12, 248 Wis. 2d 746, 638 N.W.2d 604.
¶19 For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the circuit court did not
erroneously exercise its discretion in finding S.S.’s conduct egregious and granting
a default judgment against her at the grounds phase.
By the Court.—Order affirmed.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT. RULE
809.23(1)(b)4.
10