Portage County v. E. R. R. ( 2020 )

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
October 1, 2020
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Sheila T. Reiff petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.
Appeal No. 2020AP870-FT Cir. Ct. No. 2018ME88
STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT IV
IN THE MATTER OF THE MENTAL COMMITMENT OF E.R.R.:
PORTAGE COUNTY,
PETITIONER-RESPONDENT,
V.
E. R. R.,
RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
APPEAL from orders of the circuit court for Portage County:
ROBERT J. SHANNON, Judge. Reversed and cause remanded with directions.
No. 2020AP870-FT
¶1 FITZPATRICK, P.J.1 E.R.R. appeals orders of the Portage County
Circuit Court extending his involuntary commitment and requiring E.R.R. to
undergo treatment and take prescribed medication pursuant to WIS. STAT. ch. 51.
E.R.R. contends that, in regard to the extension of the involuntary commitment,
Portage County failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that he is
“dangerous,” as required by WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2., (1)(am), and (13)(e) and
(g)3. I agree with E.R.R. that the evidence is insufficient to support the circuit
court’s order extending E.R.R.’s involuntary commitment and reverse that order as
well as the order for involuntary treatment and medication, and remand with
directions that those two orders be vacated.2
BACKGROUND
¶2 There is no dispute concerning the following material facts.
¶3 E.R.R. suffers from a schizoaffective disorder with symptoms
including delusional thinking, grandiose delusions, and disorganized thoughts.
E.R.R. was involuntarily committed for six-months by order dated July 31, 2018.
1
This appeal is decided by one judge pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 752.31(2)(d) (2017-18).
E.R.R. filed a notice of appeal on May 8, 2020, appealing the circuit court orders of January 13,
2020. In a July 16, 2020 order, this court placed this case on the expedited appeals calendar, and
the parties have submitted memo briefs. See WIS. STAT. RULE 809.17. Briefing was complete on
September 11, 2020. The briefs were sent to this court by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals on
September 14, 2020, and I was randomly assigned this matter on September 16, 2020. All
references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2017-18 version unless otherwise noted.
2
The County does not dispute that, if the involuntary recommitment order is reversed,
the involuntary treatment and medication order must also be reversed. See WIS. STAT.
§ 51.61(1)(g)3. For that reason, I need not address E.R.R.’s arguments concerning the order for
involuntary treatment and medication and will not further discuss the treatment and medication
order. See Sweet v. Berge, 113 Wis. 2d 61, 67, 334 N.W.2d 559 (Ct. App. 1983) (stating that, if a
decision on one point disposes of the appeal, the court will not decide other issues raised).
2
No. 2020AP870-FT
By order dated January 25, 2019, E.R.R.’s involuntary commitment was extended
for twelve months.
¶4 In December 2019, Portage County filed an Application for
Extension of Commitment seeking to extend E.R.R.’s involuntary commitment for
an additional twelve months, and that application was tried to the circuit court in
January 2020. Near the end of the evidentiary hearing, the circuit court found that
E.R.R. has a mental illness and is a proper subject for treatment. The circuit court
concluded that there is a substantial likelihood that E.R.R. “would pose a threat or
danger to himself” if treatment is withdrawn. Based on those findings and that
conclusion, the circuit court entered an order on January 13, 2020, extending
E.R.R.’s involuntary commitment for a period of twelve months. E.R.R. appeals.
¶5 Additional material facts, including relevant evidentiary hearing
testimony, is mentioned in the discussion below.
DISCUSSION
¶6 E.R.R. challenges the circuit court’s order for the extension of his
involuntary commitment and asserts that the County failed to show by clear and
convincing evidence that E.R.R. is “dangerous” within the meaning of WIS. STAT.
§ 51.20(1)(a)2. and (1)(am). Before addressing that issue, I briefly explain the
standard of review and the statutory framework for the extension of an involuntary
commitment.
I. Standard of Review and the Statutory Framework for the
Extension of an Involuntary Commitment.
¶7 Review of a WIS. STAT. ch. 51 involuntary commitment presents a
mixed question of fact and law. This court upholds a circuit court’s findings of
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No. 2020AP870-FT
fact unless those are clearly erroneous. Waukesha Cnty. v. J.W.J., 2017 WI 57,
¶15, 375 Wis. 2d 542, 895 N.W.2d 783. Whether those facts fulfill the statutory
requirements for an involuntary commitment presents a question of law that this
court reviews de novo. Id. “A determination of dangerousness [in the context of a
ch. 51 commitment] is not a factual determination, but a legal one based on
underlying facts.” Langlade Cnty. v. D.J.W., 2020 WI 41, ¶47, 391 Wis. 2d 231,
942 N.W.2d 277.
¶8 Under WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a), a circuit court may order the initial
commitment of an individual if the petitioner shows, by clear and convincing
evidence, that the individual is:
(1) mentally ill;
(2) a proper subject for treatment; and
(3) currently dangerous under one of five alternative dangerousness
standards in the statutory subpart.
See § 51.20(1)(a)1.-2. and (13)(e); Portage Cnty. v. J.W.K., 2019 WI 54, ¶17, 386
Wis. 2d 672, 927 N.W.2d 509. With regard to the third element noted above,
§ 51.20(1)(a)2.a.-e. identifies five different means of demonstrating
dangerousness, each of which includes a requirement of recent acts or omissions
establishing that the individual is a danger to himself or others. See
§ 51.20(1)(a)2.a.-e.; D.J.W., 391 Wis. 2d 231, ¶30; J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d 672, ¶17.
¶9 Once an individual is subject to a WIS. STAT. ch. 51 commitment
order, the petitioner (in this case, Portage County) may petition for an extension of
that commitment under WIS. STAT. § 51.20(13)(g)3. See J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d 672,
¶18. In order for the extension to be granted, the County must again prove by
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No. 2020AP870-FT
clear and convincing evidence that the individual is: (1) mentally ill; (2) a proper
subject for treatment; and (3) dangerous.3 See § 51.20(1)(a) and (am), (13)(e) and
(g)3.; J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d 672, ¶¶18, 24. Proof of the third element,
dangerousness, is the point at which an initial commitment and a recommitment
may materially differ. On a petition for recommitment, the petitioner may show
that the individual is dangerous under § 51.20(1)(am). See J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d
672, ¶19 (stating that § 51.20(1)(am) “provides a different avenue for proving
dangerousness”).
¶10 WISCONSIN STAT. § 51.20(1)(am) provides in relevant part:
If the individual has been the subject of inpatient
treatment for mental illness ... immediately prior to
commencement of the proceedings as a result of ... a
commitment or protective placement ordered by a court
under this section ... the requirements of a recent overt act,
attempt or threat to act under par. (a)2.a. or b., pattern of
recent acts or omissions under par. (a)2.c. or e., or recent
behavior under par. (a)2.d. may be satisfied by a showing
that there is a substantial likelihood, based on the subject
individual’s treatment record, that the individual would be
a proper subject for commitment if treatment were
withdrawn.
¶11 Our supreme court instructs that WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(am)
“recognizes that an individual receiving treatment may not have exhibited any
recent overt acts or omissions demonstrating dangerousness because the treatment
ameliorated such behavior, but if treatment were withdrawn, there may be a
substantial likelihood such behavior would recur.” D.J.W., 391 Wis. 2d 231, ¶33
(quoting J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d 672, ¶19). Current dangerousness remains an
3
E.R.R. does not dispute that the County has presented sufficient proof that he has a
mental illness and is a proper subject for treatment. So, this opinion will focus on sufficiency of
the evidence regarding dangerousness.
5
No. 2020AP870-FT
element to be proven to support the extension of an involuntary commitment, but
§ 51.20(1)(am) “functions as an alternative evidentiary path” for showing
dangerousness, “reflecting a change in circumstances occasioned by an
individual’s commitment and treatment” and “acknowledg[ing] that an individual
may still be dangerous despite the absence of recent acts, omissions, or behaviors
exhibiting dangerousness outlined in § 51.20(1)(a)2.a.-e.” J.W.K., 386 Wis. 2d
672, ¶¶19, 24 (emphasis added); accord D.J.W., 391 Wis. 2d 231, ¶34. Put
another way, one of the standards for dangerousness set by § 51.20(1)(a)2.a.-e. is
required to be established for the commitment extension to be granted, but the
standard may be proved “through the lens of § 51.20(1)(am).” D.J.W., 391 Wis.
2d 231, ¶50.
II. Analysis.
¶12 E.R.R. contends that the County failed to establish by clear and
convincing evidence that he is dangerous. I begin by recounting the circuit court’s
findings and conclusions.4
A. Circuit Court Findings and Conclusion, and the County’s
Abandonment of That Conclusion.
¶13 Near the end of the evidentiary hearing, the circuit court found and
concluded as follows regarding E.R.R.’s dangerousness. E.R.R. “requires
treatment to further his recovery from his illness” and that “in the absence of
treatment … it is substantially likely or probable that [E.R.R.’s] illness would
4
The facts, testimony and arguments in this appeal are substantially and materially
different than the facts, testimony and argument at issue in E.R.R.’s prior appeal to this court.
See Portage Cnty. v. E.R.R., No. 2019AP2033, unpublished slip op. (WI App May 21, 2020).
6
No. 2020AP870-FT
worsen, and the progress that he’s made thus far would be reversed.” Based on
these facts, the circuit court concluded that E.R.R. “would pose a threat or danger
to himself if he were not being assisted in terms of management of his illness and
his current treatment plan.” (Emphasis added.) The parties do not dispute that the
circuit court’s conclusion just mentioned is a reference to the standard enunciated
in WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.c. Pertinent to this appeal, a person is dangerous
within the meaning of § 51.20(1)(a)2.c. if the individual has “such impaired
judgment ... that there [is] a substantial probability of physical impairment or
injury to himself.” Sec. 51.20(1)(a)2.c. As noted, § 51.20(1)(am) permits the
establishment of the dangerousness standards by evidence that such conduct is
substantially likely to recur if treatment is withdrawn, and the parties do not
dispute that the circuit court referred to the § 51.20(1)(a)2.c. standard “through the
lens” of § 51.20(1)(am). See D.J.W., 391 Wis. 2d 231, ¶¶33, 50.
¶14 E.R.R. argues that the evidence introduced at the recommitment
hearing is insufficient to support the circuit court’s conclusion that he is
“dangerous” within the meaning of WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.c. and (1)(am). On
appeal the County abandons the circuit court’s approach and fails to point to any
evidence establishing dangerousness within the meaning of WIS. STAT.
§ 51.20(1)(a)2.c. In other words, the County does not argue in this appeal that the
circuit court’s conclusion that there is a substantial likelihood that, if treatment is
withdrawn, E.R.R.’s judgment will be impaired such that E.R.R. will cause
himself harm is supported by the evidence. Arguments asserted by the appellant
and not disputed by the respondent may be taken as admitted. See Fischer v.
Wisconsin Patients Comp. Fund, 2002 WI App 192, ¶1 n.1, 256 Wis. 2d 848, 650
N.W.2d 75.
7
No. 2020AP870-FT
¶15 Accordingly, I conclude that the evidence adduced at the pertinent
recommitment hearing is not sufficient to establish that E.R.R. is dangerous within
the meaning of WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.c. and (1)(am).
B. The County’s New Argument.
¶16 The County shifts ground on appeal and argues that the
recommitment order should be affirmed because I should “find that the circuit
court implicitly accepted” the testimony of a social worker and the “conclusions”
of a psychiatrist so that I can conclude that the “dangerousness standard [is] met
under WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.b., combined with § 51.20(1)(am).” For context,
I note that a person is dangerous within the meaning of § 51.20(1)(a)2.b., in
combination with (1)(am), if a person would “[e]vidence[] a substantial
probability of physical harm to other individuals” if treatment were withdrawn.
See § 51.20(1)(a)2.b. and (1)(am). The problem for the County is that, for the
reasons that follow, the record does not support its argument.
¶17 First, as pointed out by E.R.R., the circuit court did not conclude that
E.R.R. is dangerous within the meaning of WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.b. and
(1)(am). The fact that the circuit court did not reach the conclusion the County
now requests must not be ignored and makes a difference in a review of the
sufficiency of the evidence. The question of whether the circuit court needs to
make factual findings to support a legal conclusion on dangerousness was recently
addressed by our supreme court in D.J.W. The court held that such a requirement
“is manifest in the language of [] § 51.20(1)(am), which references the
dangerousness pathways of § 51.20(1)(a)2.” D.J.W., 391 Wis. 2d 231, ¶41. One
of the purposes of making specific factual findings to support a legal conclusion of
dangerousness is to “provide[] clarity and extra protection to patients regarding the
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No. 2020AP870-FT
underlying basis for a recommitment.” Id., ¶42. “The United States Supreme
Court ‘repeatedly has recognized that civil commitment for any purpose
constitutes a significant deprivation of liberty that requires due process
protection.’” Id. (quoting Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418, 425 (1979)).5
¶18 Second, I now discuss the testimony the County points to in support
of its argument that the evidence is sufficient to establish E.R.R.’s dangerousness
under WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.b. and (1)(am). Dr. Bababo Opaneye, a
psychiatrist with Portage County Human Services, testified to the following at the
January 2020 evidentiary hearing. He examined E.R.R. on two or three occasions
and reviewed “other records related to [E.R.R].” E.R.R. has been diagnosed with
schizoaffective disorder, and E.R.R.’s symptoms of that mental illness are
“grandiosity, having special abilities, special power[,] … mood issues, coupled
with psychosis.” E.R.R. has “limited insight … [into] his mental health condition
and also the need for continuous compliance with treatment [and taking
medication].” Dr. Opaneye opined that, without treatment in the form of
medication, E.R.R. would “decompensate,” meaning that he would become
“increasingly psychotic, increasingly disorganized … to the extent that he is going
beyond boundary so it’s affecting the community.” E.R.R. had, however, been
compliant with his commitment over the past year, and Dr. Opaneye did not
5
In Langlade Cnty. v. D.J.W., 2020 WI 41, 391 Wis. 2d 231, 942 N.W.2d 277, the
supreme court held that “going forward circuit courts in recommitment proceedings are to make
specific factual findings with reference to the subdivision paragraph of [WIS. STAT.]
§ 51.20(1)(a)2. on which the recommitment is based.” Id., ¶40. The County correctly points out
that D.J.W. was decided after the evidentiary hearing in the present case. However, the
requirement “going forward” that circuit courts reference the subdivision paragraphs of
§ 51.20(1)(a)2. on which recommitment is grounded is not the basis for this part of my analysis.
Rather, the requirement of basing the legal conclusion about dangerousness on factual findings
made by the circuit court has always been present in the statute, and that discussion in D.J.W. is
applicable in this appeal. See id., ¶¶41-43.
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No. 2020AP870-FT
observe E.R.R. “display[] any behavior that would be harmful to himself” or
“witness any behavior that would suggest that [E.R.R.] would be a danger to
others.”
¶19 A social worker with Portage County Health and Human Services
testified to the following at the evidentiary hearing. While undergoing treatment
at a residential facility, E.R.R. stated that he “felt like he wanted to snap people’s
necks.” The social worker answered in the affirmative when asked if “there have
been issues and risks throughout the past year of [E.R.R.’s] commitment,” but did
not explain what the “issues and risks” were.
¶20 I agree with E.R.R. that the evidence pointed to by the County is not
sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that there is a substantial
likelihood that E.R.R. will cause physical harm to others if treatment were
withdrawn. “[T]he plain language of WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.b. requires a
showing that it is much more likely than not that the individual will cause physical
harm to other individuals.” Marathon Cnty. v. D.K., 2020 WI 8, ¶42, 390 Wis. 2d
50, 937 N.W.2d 901. Also, this court has recently discussed the need for the
evidence of dangerousness to be more than speculation. “[I]t could be a winning
argument against recommitment that dangerous statements or conduct are old
enough, weak enough, or otherwise insufficient to support clear and convincing
evidence under the substantial likelihood of dangerousness test.” Winnebago
Cnty. v. S.H., 2020 WI App 46, ¶13 n.6; 393 Wis. 2d 511, 947 N.W.2d 761(quoting Jefferson Cnty. v. M.P., No. 2019AP2229-FT, unpublished slip op. ¶16
(Mar. 5, 2020).
¶21 The circuit court clearly accepted Dr. Opaneye’s opinion that E.R.R.
remains in continuing need of treatment. However, the testimony of Dr. Opaneye
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No. 2020AP870-FT
does not contain evidence that E.R.R. will “much more likely than not” cause
physical harm to others if treatment is withdrawn and, of course, the circuit court
did not come to that conclusion. See D.K., 390 Wis. 2d 50, ¶42. Just as
importantly, there is nothing in the record to support the County’s assertion that
the circuit court “implicitly accepted” the testimony of the social worker. I will
not, and cannot, act as the finder of fact to fill in the gaps in the County’s
argument. Beyond that, there was no testimony at the evidentiary hearing that
E.R.R. attempted, or will attempt, to act on his feelings or has otherwise exhibited
behaviors that would suggest that he will physically harm other individuals if
treatment were withdrawn. In short, E.R.R.’s statement reported by the social
worker (even if accepted as true by the circuit court – and it was not), in
combination with evidence that he continues to need treatment, does not equate
with a “substantial probability” that E.R.R. will cause “physical harm to other
individuals” if treatment were withdrawn. See § 51.20(1)(a)2.b.
¶22 Accordingly, I conclude that the evidence introduced at the
recommitment hearing is insufficient to support a conclusion that E.R.R. is
dangerous under WIS. STAT. § 51.20(1)(a)2.b. and (1)(am).
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No. 2020AP870-FT
CONCLUSION
¶23 For the foregoing reasons, the orders of the circuit court are reversed
and the cause is remanded to the circuit court with directions to vacate the two
orders that are the subject of this appeal.6
By the Court.—Orders reversed and cause remanded with directions.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)4.
6
In the context of a WIS. STAT. ch. 51 commitment proceeding, our supreme court has
stated: “If we reviewed the evidentiary basis for the Extension Order and found it lacking, the
proper response would be to reverse … and direct vacatur of the order.” Waukesha Cnty. v.
S.L.L., 2019 WI 66, ¶40, 387 Wis. 2d 333, 929 N.W.2d 140. Therefore, I follow the instruction
of the supreme court regarding remand directions.
12